ABSTRACT
A 7-month-old female ostrich (Struthio Camelus) was studied. On the left leg, muscles of the shank and foot were dissected and the right leg was frozen and cut into slices for topographical examination. Some muscles and skeleton measurements were also noted. No trace was found of the following muscles: M. plantaris, M. extensor hallucis longus, M. extensor hallucis brevis, M. flexor hallucis brevis, M. adductor d. II, M. abductor d. II, M. flexor phalangis secundi d. III and M. adductor d. IV. Some interesting myological and topographical peculiarities are specified concerning the 16 muscles mentioned, in order to provide useful findings for surgically applied purposes: in case of locomotor problems with leg deformities.
Subject(s)
Birds/anatomy & histology , Foot/anatomy & histology , Hindlimb/anatomy & histology , Muscle, Skeletal/anatomy & histology , Animals , FemaleABSTRACT
A technique is described for catheterisation of the ventricular recess within the olfactory bulb of the horse. Twelve adult horses were used. The olfactory recess is in the frontal region, 42 +/- 3 mm below the skin, on the line joining the supraorbital foramina, and approximately 18 +/- 2 mm from the midline. The approach is relatively easy under normal experimental conditions.
Subject(s)
Catheterization/veterinary , Cerebral Ventricles/surgery , Horses/surgery , Animals , Catheterization/methods , Female , Horses/cerebrospinal fluid , Male , Olfactory Bulb/surgerySubject(s)
Agricultural Workers' Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Metacarpus , Osteochondritis Dissecans/diagnostic imaging , Adult , Agricultural Workers' Diseases/etiology , Agricultural Workers' Diseases/surgery , Causality , Humans , Male , Osteochondritis Dissecans/etiology , Osteochondritis Dissecans/surgery , RadiographyABSTRACT
The proposed technique consists of placing a catheter in the olfactory recess of the lateral ventricle of the brain of a sheep. Twenty adult ewes were used in the study. The olfactory recess is in the frontal region 25 +/- 3 mm below the skin, just caudal to the line joining the supraorbital foramen and approximately 8-10 mm from the median plane. The approach is relatively easy under normal experimental conditions. The wall of the olfactory bulb, however, is fragile, and the animals must not have been injured by Oestrus ovis.
Subject(s)
Catheterization/veterinary , Cerebral Ventricles/anatomy & histology , Punctures/veterinary , Sheep/anatomy & histology , Animals , Female , Olfactory Bulb/anatomy & histology , Punctures/methodsABSTRACT
Cranio-encephalic morphology of three breeds of dogs (Greyhound, Pointer and Pekinese at the rate of 10 subjects, 5 males and 5 females, in each one) has been radiologically observed. Radiographic negatives in dorso-ventral and latero-lateral positions were taken and analyzed before and after the visualisation of the encephalic cavity using barium sulfate. 18 cranio-encephalic measurements were chosen and interpreted statistically. The results showed that certain variables were more closely correlated with morphologic types of the cranium than others. We discuss the validity of the data applied for clinical diagnostic or osteo-archeology determinations.
Subject(s)
Dogs/anatomy & histology , Skull/diagnostic imaging , Animals , Breeding , Cluster Analysis , Female , Male , RadiographyABSTRACT
The volume of the cranial cavity of 70 dogs (35 males and 35 females) has been determined in two breeds, the galgo greyhound and the pointer, by radiological techniques (computerized tomography; CT) and biostatistical methods. Each head was submitted to a complete series of transverse tomographic sections taken perpendicularly to the basilar plane, every 5 mm and with a thickness of 5 mm. There is a clear difference between the breeds and the two sexes, with a minimal confidence of 99.95%. The application of the method to fit zootechnical and/or osteoarcheological needs is emphasized.
Subject(s)
Sex Characteristics , Skull/anatomy & histology , Animals , Anthropometry , Dogs , Female , Male , Skull/diagnostic imaging , Species Specificity , Statistics as Topic , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
The volumetry of the cranial cavity of 30 galgo hounds (15 males and 15 females) has been studied by computerized axial scanning tomography and biostatistical methods. The serial tomodensitometric sections of heads were 5 mm thick and 5 mm distant, taken in sagittal and transverse planes. Results demonstrate a sexual differentiation, with a security of 99.99%. The discussion turns to zootechnical and osteoarcheological applications.
Subject(s)
Cephalometry/methods , Dogs/anatomy & histology , Animals , Anthropology/methods , Breeding/standards , Female , Male , Sex Characteristics , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
A new means of access to the encephalic ventricles in the cow has been proposed, consisting of the catheterization of the olfactory recess, situated approximately 25 mm under the skin in the frontal region, vertically from a point situated 15 mm laterally from the median plane at the level of a line drawn between the lateral angles of the eyes. Radiographs show that a radioopaque medium can be diffused throughout the cavities on both sides.
Subject(s)
Catheterization/veterinary , Cattle/anatomy & histology , Cerebral Ventricles , Animals , Catheterization/methods , Cerebral Ventriculography/veterinaryABSTRACT
Fifteen ewes, aged 3-6 years, were used for studying the conformation of the cerebral ventricles on mouldings, and the topography on scannographs and frozen cuts. The lateral ventricles show important variations, but the topography of their olfactory recess is constant.
Subject(s)
Cerebral Ventricles/anatomy & histology , Sheep/anatomy & histology , Animals , Cerebral Ventriculography , Female , Injections, IntraventricularABSTRACT
The surgical procedure described in this communication consists in the catheterisation of the ventricular recess within the olfactory bulb. It lies 28 +/- 5 mm under the frontal skin, in a retro-orbital position, and 15 +/- 2 mm from the median plane. Its access is easy in experimental conditions.
Subject(s)
Cattle/surgery , Cerebral Ventricles/surgery , Animals , Catheterization/veterinaryABSTRACT
Six heifers, aged 8-10 months, and 4 cows, aged 4-12 years, were used for studying the conformation of the cerebral ventricles on mouldings, and the topography on scanographs and frozen cuts. The morphologic changes with age concern the height of the 3rd ventricle, the extension of the pellucid septum and the stereotaxic topography. The stress is put on the variability of the volume of the lateral ventricles and the permanence of a vast and patent recessus olfactorius, with easy external landmarks.