Application value of ultrasound-guided unilateral subarachnoid block with bupivacaine in hip replacement surgery for elderly patients with femoral neck fractures / 中国现代医生

@#Objective To explore the application value of ultrasound-guided use of bupivacaine for subarachnoid block in hip replacement surgery for elderly femoral neck fractures.Methods A total of 108 elderly patients who underwent hip replacement surgery at Ganzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from March 2020 to March 2022 were selected as the study subjects.They were divided into conventional anesthesia group and ultrasound guided anesthesia group by means of random number table,54 cases in each group.Patients in the conventional anesthesia group received routine general anesthesia;Patients in the ultrasound guided anesthesia group received unilateral lumbar anesthesia with bupivacaine under ultrasound-guided guidance.Compare the effectiveness of two anesthesia methods during surgery.Results Compared with the conventional anesthesia group,the anesthesia effect of the ultrasound guided anesthesia group was better(P<0.05);The surgery time,amount of bleeding during surgery,postoperative recovery time,and length of hospital stay in the ultrasound guided anesthesia group were all lower than those in the conventional anesthesia group(P<0.05).The ultrasound guided anesthesia group performed better in terms of hemodynamic stability,with a smaller range of changes,and significantly lower pain scores at different postoperative time points compared to the conventional anesthesia group(P<0.05).Conclusion In elderly patients undergoing hip replacement surgery,using ultrasound-guided bupivacaine for subarachnoid block can achieve ideal anesthesia and analgesic effects compared to traditional general anesthesia,shorten drug onset time,alleviate pain in elderly patients,maintain hemodynamic stability,and have significant clinical application effects.

Genetic variation characteristics of HA gene of influenza A virus (H3N2) in Guizhou province from 2017 to 2019 / 中国基层医药

Objective:To analyze the genetic variation characteristics of the HA gene of influenza A virus (H3N2) in Guizhou province from 2017 to 2019. Methods:Twenty strains of influenza A virus (H3N2) were randomly selected from 10 network laboratories in Guizhou province for RNA extraction. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and sequencing were performed. The products were analyzed using bioinformatics software.Results:The nucleotide homology of the HA gene of the 20 strains was 97.7%-100%, which was highly homologous to the vaccine strains A/Hong-Kong/4801/2014 recommended by WHO in 2017 and A/Singapore-INFIMH/16-0019/2016 recommended by WHO in 2018, but they were significantly different from the vaccine strain A/Kansas/14/2017 recommended by WHO in 2019. Genetic analysis showed that the 20 strains were divided into two branches, and the strains that were prevalent in 2019 were located in different branches, with marked genetic differences. Key site analysis showed mutations in antigenic determinants A, B, C, and E and mutations in the anterior and posterior walls of receptor binding sites. Key site analysis also showed that there was an increase in the number of glycosylation sites compared with the vaccine strains prevalent in the same year. Genetic distance, antigen sites, and glycosylation sites were slightly different between virus strains prevalent in 2017-2018 and virus strains prevalent in 2019. Conclusion:The HA gene of the influenza A virus subtype H3N2 in Guizhou province from 2017 to 2019 showed heterogeneity and gene mutation, especially in 2019. Therefore, close monitoring of the genetic evolution of the influenza A virus subtype H3N2 is necessary.

Preliminary results of a trial on Mirabegron in combination with microecologics for the treatment of overactive bladder in elderly women / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of Mirabegron plus microecologics for the treatment of overactive bladder(OAB)in elderly women.Methods:In this prospective study, 104 patients diagnosed with OAB in the urology department of our hospital between February 2020 and December 2021 were recruited.The participants were randomly divided into two groups, with 52 in each.Group I was treated with Mirabegron alone(50 mg, qd)and Group Ⅱ was treated with Mirabegron(50 mg, qd)plus probiotics(3.5 g, bid)for 12 weeks.The efficacy was evaluated based on results before and after treatment, using measurements including the daily frequencies of urinary urgency, nocturia, daytime urination, urge incontinence and bladder capacity.The overactive bladder symptom score(OABSS), the quality-of-life score, and the number of lower urinary tract infections during treatment were also collected.Results at different treatment stages(week 4 and week 12)were compared within each group and between the two groups by Dunnett's test.Results:The symptoms of OAB in both groups were significantly improved after 12 weeks' treatment.In the group(Group Ⅱ)receiving the combination of two drugs, results from four measurements, the frequency of 24-hour urination(6.6 ± 0.7 vs.7.1 ± 1.2), the frequency of 24-hour urinary urgency(0.6 ± 0.6 vs.1.1 ± 0.7), the frequency of daily nocturia(0.8 ± 0.7 vs.1.3 ± 0.6)and the quality-of-life score(1.2 ± 0.7 vs.2.3 ± 0.8), were all significantly more favorable than in the group(Group I)treated with Mirabegron( P<0.05).The incidence of lower urinary tract infections and constipation was significantly reduced in the group with drug combination treatment. Conclusions:The efficacy of Mirabegron combined with microecologics for the treatment of OAB is better than that of Mirabegron alone, and the incidence of adverse events such as infections and constipation is also lower.

Relationship between atrial fibrillation and left heart structure change in patients with hemodialysis combined with hemoperfusion / 中国现代医生

Objective To investigate the relationship between atrial fibrillation and left heart structure change in patients with hemodialysis combined with hemoperfusion.Methods A total of 60 patients with end-stage renal disease who underwent hemodialysis combined with hemoperfusion treatment in Ganzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from December 2020 to December 2021 were selected.Thirty patients with atrial fibrillation were included in observation group,and thirty patients without atrial fibrillation were included in control group.The left heart structure indexes of two groups were compared,and the relationship between atrial fibrillation and left heart structure change in patients with hemodialysis combined with hemoperfusion was analyzed.Results Left ventricular end diastolic diameter(LVEDD),left ventricular end systolic diameter(LVESD),left atrium diameter(LAD),interventricular septal thickness(IVST),and left ventricular posterior wall thickness(LVPWT)in observation group were higher than those in control group,and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)was lower than that in control group(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that the decrease of LVEF and the increase of LVEDD,LVESD,LAD,IVST and LVPWT were associated with atrial fibrillation in patients with hemodialysis combined with hemoperfusion(P<0.05).The results of receiver operating characteristic curve showed that area under the curve of LVEDD,LVESD,LAD,LVEF,IVST and LVPWT in diagnosing atrial fibrillation in patients with hemodialysis combined with hemoperfusion were 0.724,0.708,0.760,0.761,0.762 and 0.758,respectively,which had certain diagnostic value.Conclusion Atrial fibrillation in patients with hemodialysis combined with hemoperfusion is related to the change of left heart structure,and the left heart structure indexes are helpful to assist the diagnosis of atrial fibrillation.

Genetic evolution of influenza B virus in Guizhou Province during 2017 to 2021 / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective:To analyze the molecular evolution characteristics of HA and NA genes of influenza B/Yamagata (BY) and influenza B/Victoria (BV) lineage viruses in Guizhou Province, aiming to provide reference for scientific prevention and control of influenza. Methods:The prevalence of various types of influenza viruses in Guizhou Province from 2017 to 2021 was analyzed. The nucleic acid of influenza B viruses was extracted, and then the HA and NA genes were amplified by RT-PCR. Fourteen strains were sequenced and the sequences of 83 strains were obtained from GISAID. Homologies between the 97 influenza B viruses as well as the phylogenetic characteristics and amino acid site variations were analyzed. Results:Influenza A, BY and BV lineage viruses co-circulated in Guizhou Province and BV lineage was the predominant type. The homologies of HA and NA genes were 98.7%-99.4% and 98.4%-99.6% between BY lineage viruses and the reference vaccine strain B/PHUKET/3073/2013. BV lineage viruses shared 98.3%-99.3% and 98.9%-99.6% homologies with the reference vaccine strain B/Colorado/06/2017. The BY lineage strains in Guizhou Province mainly belonged to Y3 genetic group with HA gene in two branches of Y3-H1-2 and NA gene in three branches of Y3-N1-3. Three reassortant strains were found in Y3 clade. The isolated BV lineage strains mainly belonged to V1A-2 genetic group with HA gene in four branches of V1A-2 H1-4 and NA gene in five branches of V1A-2 N1-5. Twenty reassortant strains were found in V1A-2 clade and no inter-lineage reassortants were found. Analysis of variations at key amino acid sites showed that there was no mutation at epitopes in Y3 genetic group. However, there were point mutations at four main epitopes and a shift mutation in 190 helix in V1A-2 genetic group. There was no mutation in drug resistance sites. Conclusions:Various types of influenza viruses circulated in Guizhou Province. The homology between influenza B viruses and vaccine strains was decreasing. Different branches of HA and NA genes had been evolved and various forms of mutations were detected in the sequences. Intra-lineage reassortant strains and new varieties emerged. Surveillance of influenza B viruses should be strengthened.

Bioinformatics Analysis and Identification of Genes and Molecular Pathways Involved in Venous Thromboembolism (VTE).

OBJECTIVES: To explore the key genes, and correlated pathways in venous thromboembolism (VTE) via bioinformatic analysis, and expected our findings could contribute to the development of new biomarkers and therapeutic target for VTE. METHODS: Two VTE-related microarray expression profiles (GSE48000 and GSE19151) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Ominibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed using limma package, and overlapping DEGs were identified form the above two expression profiles. Then, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEEG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed by DAVID. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by using STRING and visualized with Cytoscape. Furthermore, module analysis plus centrality analysis of the PPI network were executed to identify the potential key genes. Finally, the pathway analysis was performed using GenCLiP 3.0. RESULTS: A total of 173 DEGs (125 upregulated and 48 downregulated) were identified. GO analysis demonstrated that DEGs were mainly enriched in viral life cycle, ribosome and structural constituent of ribosome. Meanwhile, KEGG pathway analysis showed that these genes were enriched in ribosome, Parkinson's disease and cell cycle. Additionally, one most significant module and 12 hub genes were found. Finally, 6 key genes, namely ISG15, RPS15A, MRPL13, ICT1, MRPL15 and RPLP0, with high centrality features were identified. These key genes were mainly involved in translation, metabolism of proteins and ribosome pathway. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, these 6 identified genes and correlated pathways should play an important role in VTE, which can provide new insight into the molecular mechanism, potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets associated with VTE.

Genetic characteristics analysis of hemagglutinin gene of H9N2 subtype avian influenza viruses in Guizhou province / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective:To understand the genetic variation and the prevalence of H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus in Guizhou province, and to provide the scientific evidence for the prevention and control of avian influenza virus.Methods:The results of AIV detection in live poultry market(LPM) environment in Guizhou province from October 2018 to March 2019 were statistically analyzed, RNAs were extracted and sequenced from the HA genes of 13 samples of H9N2 positive screened by real-time PCR. Then the homology, the genetic evolution and the mutations of important amino acid were analyzed by bioinformation softwares. Results:The positive rate of AIV was 52.2% and the positive rate of H9N2 was 83.7% in LPM environment. The homology between nucleotides of the HA gene of 21 strains ranged from 91.6% to 100.0%, and the homology between amino acids of the HA gene ranged from 91.0% to 100.0%. All strains belonged to Y280 sublineage and G57 genotype. Key sites analysis showed that they had a common motif PSRSSRGLF and LSRSSRGLF at the cleavage site, which indicated that they were lentogenic and low pathogenic strains. Mutations H191N, E198T/A and Q234L at the receptor binding sites in the HA was found in 21 strains, while indicated the viruses had the potential to bind human-like receptor. The analysis results of glycosylation motifs showed that all 21 strains had 7 glycosylation sites, but had a site deletion at amino acid site 218 and an addition at 313.There was no significant mutation in the key site compared with the human infected strains. Conclusions:The detection rate of AIV in LPM environment in Guizhou province was high, and the pollution was very serious, and H9N2 subtype is the main subtype, All H9N2 subtype AIVs belonged to Y280 sublineage and G57 genotype, and they were low pathogenic avian influenza viruses in Guizhou province, but the genetic gap were widening and mutations of key amino acid site might enhance susceptibility and pathogenicity to human beings. Hence, It is necessary to strengthen the surveillance of molecular characteristic variation of H9N2 subtype AIV.

Genetic characteristic of hemagglutinin of avian influenza A (H7N9) virus in Guizhou Province in 2017 / 中华预防医学杂志

The number of H7N9 bird flu cases was high and the situation was grim in guizhou province in 2017. To understand the molecular characteristics of the hemagglutinin gene (HA) and the risk of human infection with avian influenza virus A(H7N9) in Guizhou Province, 2017. Homology, genetic evolution and pivotal sites related to receptor binding regions, pathogenicity and potential glycosylation of 14 avian influenza viruses A(H7N9) were analyzed by a series of bioinformation softwares. It was cleared that there was 95.9%-100% similarity among 14 strains in nucleotide of the HA gene, and there were 96.8%-97.8% and 96.8%-97.9% similarities with vaccine strains A/Shanghai/2/2013 and A/Anhui/1/2013 recommended by WHO, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 14 HA genes were directly evolved in the Yangtze River Delta evolution branch, but they could be derived from five diffenrent strains. Then 13 of 14 strains cleavage site sequences of HA protein revealed they were low pathogenic avian influenza viruses, while A/Guizhou-Weining/CSY01/2017 was high pathogenic avian influenza virus. Mutation G186V at the receptor binding sites in the HA was found in all 14 strains, and mutation Q226L in 13 strains besides A/Guizhou-Weining/CSY01/2017. All five potential glycosylation motifs in the HA were conservative.

Genetic characteristics of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of avian influenza A (H7N9) virus in Guizhou province, 2014-2017 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To understand the molecular characteristics of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) as well as the disease risk of influenza virus A H7N9 in Guizhou province. Methods: RNAs were extracted and sequenced from HA and NA genes of H7N9 virus strains obtained from 18 cases of human infection with H7N9 virus and 6 environmental swabs in Guizhou province during 2014-2017. Then the variation and the genetic evolution of the virus were analyzed by using a series of bioinformatics software package. Results: Homology analysis of HA and NA genes revealed that 2 strains detected during 2014-2015 shared 98.8%-99.2% and 99.2% similarities with vaccine strains A/Shanghai/2/2013 and A/Anhui/1/2013 recommended by WHO, respectively. Two strains detected in 2016 and 14 strains detected in 2017 shared 98.2%-99.3% and 97.6%-98.8% similarities with vaccine strain A/Hunan/02650/2016, respectively. Other 6 stains detected in 2017 shared 99.1%-99.4% and 98.9%-99.3% similarities with strain A/Guangdong/17SF003/2016, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all the strains were directly evolved in the Yangtze River Delta evolution branch, but they were derived from different small branch. PEVPKRKRTAR↓GLF was found in 6 of 24 strains cleavage site sequences of HA protein, indicating the characteristic of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. Mutations A134V, G186V and Q226L at the receptor binding sites were found in the HA. All the strains had a stalk deletion of 5 amino acid residue "QISNT" in NA protein, and drug resistance mutation R294K occurred in strain A/Guizhou-Danzhai/18980/2017. In addition, potential glycosylation motifs mutations NCS42NCT were found in the NA of 9 of 24 strains. Conclusions: HA and NA genes of avian influenza A (H7N9) virus showed genetic divergence in Guizhou province during 2014-2017. The mutations of key sites might enhance the virulence of the virus, human beings are more susceptible to it. Hence, the risk of infection is increasing.

Molecular characteristics and tracing of hemagglutinin of the first highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H7N9) virus mutant strain infection case in Guizhou Province / 中华传染病杂志

Objective@#To investigate the molecular characteristics and tracing of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene, and to analyze the risk of human infection with influenza virus A (H7N9) in Guizhou Province, so that to provide evidence for the prevention and control of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H7N9).@*Methods@#Nucleic acids of 5 strains of H7N9 including 1 sample of the patient′s nasopharyngeal swab and 4 samples of the live poultry market (LPM) environment were extracted and HA genes were amplified and sequenced. Then the homology, genetic evolution and the pivotal sites related to receptor binding regions, pathogenicity and potential glycosylation of the avian influenza A (H7N9) viruses were analyzed by a series of bioinformatics softwares.@*Results@#Homology analysis revealed that the homologies of nucleotide and amino-acid of the HA gene of H7N9 strains from the patient and LPM in Weining County, Guizhou Province were 99.8% and 99.6%, respectively, while those of 4 strains from LPM were both 100%. The homologies of nucleotide and amino-acid of the HA gene of H7N9 strains were the highest with the strain of A/Guangxi/5/2017 isolated from a Guangxi infected patient (99.7%-99.9% and 99.4%-99.8%, respectively), while those with the strain isolated from LPMs environment at the end of 2016 (A/Environment/Guangdong/C16283222/2016) were 99.0%-99.2% and 98.9%-99.2%, respectively. However, the homologies of nucleotide and amino-acid of the HA gene of H7N9 strains with A/Shanghai/2/2013 recommended by world health organization and the candidate vaccine strain A/Anhui/1/2013 were 96.8%-97.0% and 95.8%-96.2%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the 5 strains had the nearest genetic distance to the strain A/Guangxi/5/2017. All the 5 strains cleavage site sequences of HA protein showed mutation of PEVPKRKRTAR↓GLF, and they were highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses mutant strains, which all had mutation of G186V at the receptor binding sites of HA gene, while no Q226L mutation was found. All 5 strains had new mutation of A363S, and new mutations of R56K and I297V were only found in the strain isolated from the patient. Among the five potential glycosylation motifs in the HA, only 421NWT and 493NNT had variation of the position post shift.@*Conclusions@#All the 5 H7N9 strains isolated in Weining County, Guizhou Province are highly pathogenic avian influenza mutative viruses. The current candidate vaccine may not provide a very good protection. The mutations of cleavage site of HA protein, G186V as well as other new mutation sites of HA may enhance the susceptibility and pathogenicity to human beings.

Genetic characteristics of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of avian influenza A (H7N9) virus in Guizhou province, 2014-2017 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand the molecular characteristics of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) as well as the disease risk of influenza virus A H7N9 in Guizhou province.Methods RNAs were extracted and sequenced from HA and NA genes of H7N9 virus strains obtained from 18 cases of human infection with H7N9 virus and 6 environmental swabs in Guizhou province during 2014-2017.Then the variation and the genetic evolution of the virus were analyzed by using a series of bioinformatics software package.Results Homology analysis of HA and NA genes revealed that 2 strains detected during 2014-2015 shared 98.8％-99.2％ and 99.2％ similarities with vaccine strains A/Shanghai/2/2013 and A/Anhui/1/2013 recommended by WHO,respectively.Two strains detected in 2016 and 14 strains detected in 2017 shared 98.2％-99.3％ and 97.6％-98.8％ similarities with vaccine strain A/Hunan/02650/2016,respectively.Other 6 stains detected in 2017 shared 99.1％-99.4％ and 98.9％-99.3％ similarities with strain A/Guangdong/17SF003/2016,respectively.Phylogenetic analysis showed that all the strains were directly evolved in the Yangtze River Delta evolution branch,but they were derived from different small branch.PEVPKRKRTAR ↓ GLF was found in 6 of 24 strains cleavage site sequences of HA protein,indicating the characteristic of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus.Mutations A134V,G186V and Q226L at the receptor binding sites were found in the HA.All the strains had a stalk deletion of 5 amino acid residue "QISNT" in NA protein,and drug resistance mutation R294K occurred in strain A/Guizhou-Danzhai/ 18980/2017.In addition,potential glycosylation motifs mutations NCS42NCT were found in the NA of 9 of 24 strains.Condusions HA and NA genes of avian influenza A (H7N9) virus showed genetic divergence in Guizhou province during 2014-2017.The mutations of key sites might enhance the virulence of the virus,human beings are more susceptible to it.Hence,the risk of infection is increasing.

Analysis of the Application of Anti-HIV Drugs in Our Center during 2011-2014 / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for clinical rational use and management of anti-HIV drugs,and to provide ref-erence basis for occupational exposure to develop free drug policy. METHODS:Using retrospective study method,according to DDD calculation method recommended by WHO,consumption sum,DDDs,DDC and B/A of anti-HIV drugs in our center during 2011-2014 were analyzed and evaluated. RESULTS:The consumption sum of anti-HIV drugs increased firstly and decreased later, increasing from 512112 yuan in 2011 to 650854 yuan in 2012,decreasing to 496473 yuan in 2014. DDDs of anti-HIV drugs in our center during 2011-2014 decreased from 35932 in 2011,to 16363 in 2014,showing decreasing tendency. The consumption sum of nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors during 2012-2014 took up the first place,and DDDs of nucleotide reverse tran-scriptase inhibitors took up the first place in 2011,2013,2014. DDDs of Zidovudine tablets took up the first place in 2013,2014, and that of Tangcao tablets took up top 3 places during 2011-2014. DDC of Tenofour disoproxil fumarate tablets,Zidovudine and la-mivudine tablets,Emtricitabine and tenofovir tablets,Lopinavir and ritonavir tablets were in high level,being more than 46 yuan. DDC of Zidovudine tablets,Stavadine tablets and Nevirapine tablets were in low level,being lower than 6 yuan. B/A of Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate tablets,Stavudine tablets and Efavirenz tablets ranged 0.5-1.5 in 4 years and B/A of Tangcao tablets was equal to 1,showing good synchronism of social and economical benefits. CONCLUSIONS:Clinical application of anti-HIV drugs in our center is rational basically,and the use of drug is basically consistent with the occupational exposure prevention. The use of TCM preparation is basically in line with the requirements of drug use in the clinic.

Epidemiological characteristics of influenza B virus in Guizhou Province in 2013-2016 / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics and regularity of influenza B virus in Guizhou Province, and provide scientific evidence for the control and prevention of influenza.Methods Results of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(PT-PCR) of influenza B virus in Guizhou Province from April 1, 2013 to March 31, 2016 were statistically analyzed.Results A total of 1 904 samples were detected influenza B virus by RT-PCR, B/Yamagata (By) lineage and B/Victoria (Bv) lineage were 1 215 and 642 respectively.In April 2013-March 2014 and April 2014-March 2015, the predominant strains of influenza B were both By lineage, in April 2015-March 2016, the predominant strains of influenza B were Bv and By lineages, the epidemic peaks were in winter and spring;there's a higher positive percentage of influenza B in male, accounting for 56.83%;the highest detection rate of influenza B virus was found in population aged <15 years(70.80%),Bv and By lineages were the highest in the 0~ (42.37%) and 5~ age groups (35.56%) respectively;the main pathogen causing mixed infection was By+Bv (67.65%),mixed infection with influenza B virus accounted for 95.59%.Conclusion There are two lineages By and Bv epidemic in Guizhou Province, the epidemic peaks of influenza B are in winter and spring, male cases are higher than female, people under 15 years old are the high-risk group for influenza B, it is of great significance to strengthen the vaccination and surveillance of influenza in low age population.

Genetic characteristic analysis of haemagglutinin of two episodes of influenza B virus outbreaks in Guizhou ;Province in 2016 / 中华传染病杂志

Objective To understand the genetic variations of influenza B virus outbreaks in Guizhou province in 2016,and to compare the matching situation of outbreak epidemic strains with the vaccine strains recommended by WHO and representative strains in China.Methods The haemagglutinin HA1 gene of 8 strains isolated from two episodes of influenza B virus outbreaks in Tongren area was amplified and sequenced.The sequencing products were analyzed by bioinformatics software DNAStar. Results The two episodes of influenza outbreaks were both caused by influenza B Victoria lineage virus (BV).The homologies of the isolated strains were 99.8%—100.0% in nucleotide and 99.5 %—100.0%in amino acid.Mutation was only detected at 274 site in some strains.Compared with reference strain B/Victoria/2/87,the homologies were 91 .8%—92.0% and 91 .5 %—92.0%,respectively.Mutations developed at 17 amino acid sites,among which,I143V,V163I and V201I site were associated with the main antigenic determinant area B,C and D.Compared with previous vaccine strain B/Brisbane/60/2008, the homologies were 98.2%—98.3% and 98.5 %—99.0%,respectively,and mutations were detected at 3 sites.Mutations at I143V and N155D were detected in all 8 strains and at T247I in some strains.The mutation of I143V was associated with antigenic determinant area B.Compared with the representative strain B/Chongqing-Yuzhong/1384/2010,the homologies were 96.7%—96.8% and 97.0%—97.5 %, respectively.A total of 6 sites developed mutations,among which,5 sites were P84L,I143V,N155D, V172I and T223N mutations.The mutation of T247I was detected in some strains,and I143V was associated with area B.Compared with the epidemic strain in Guizhou in 2016,the homologies were 99.8%—100.0% and 99.5 %—100.0%,respectively.Mutation was only detected at site 247 in some strains and was not associated with the main antigenic determinant area.Conclusions The two episodes of influenza outbreaks in Guizhou are caused by the same BV lineage epidemic virus strain.Haemagglutinin gene of BV lineage virus is constantly changing.However,there is no new mutation emerged at important site.Compared with previous influenza vaccine strain B/Brisbane/60/2008 recommended by WHO,BV lineage virus is well matched and could provide a positive protection effect.

Analysis of Influence Factors on the Tuberculosis Patients Failing to CDC for Diagnosing and Treating in Yunnan / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective The aim of this study is to explore the reasons and the main affecting factors of the reported tuberculosis (TB) patients by internet-based reporting system who failed to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for diagnosing and treating in Yunnan Province, so as to provide scientific evidence for constituting reasonable countermeasures and measures to improve the rate of the reported TB patients coming to CDC for diagnosing and treating. Methods Randomly sampled 730 tuberculosis patients by cluster sampling, surveyed by the questionnaires and logistic regression was used for data analysis. Results The main influencing factors were migrant, having no referring form of doctors, having no advice of doctors to CDC,having no financial problem, unbelieving TB harm to health, unknowing free treating policy of TB,untrusting CDC,unbelieving free medicine, hospitalization and unknowing the CDC address,with odds ratios of 3.234,0.438,0.065,0.056,0.117,0.153,0.336, 6.587,9.685 and 1.991, respectively .Conclusion To improve the rate of coming to CDC for diagnosing and treating, should take some integrated measures as follows: strengthening TB health promotion, strengthening referring program, strengthening communication between doctors and patients, and strengthening propaganda on CDC.

The comparison of specific antibodies levels in the BALB/c mice immunized with the pcDNA3.1 recombinant plasmids of NS1 gene partial sequence from different dengue type 2 virus strains / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To compare the humoral immune response of BALB/c mice immunized by recombinant plasmids PeDNA3.1-M-NS1 and pcDNA3.1-N-NS1.Methods Dengue type 2 virus(DENV2)NS1 gene were constructed two partial sequences(1-413 bp)of the pcDNA3.1 eukaryotic plasmids and pET28a(+)plasmid for prokaryotic expression,identification,purification and quantification.The BALB/c mice were immunized by pcDNA3.1-M-NS1,pcDNA3.1-N-NS1 recombinant plasmids with adjuvant.Each animal received a primary inoculation and two boosts at 1-week intervals.Then the blood samples of BALB/c mice were collected from different experiment groups at day 7,14,28 and 56,respectively after first immunization.The specific IgM/IgG antibodies for NS1 protein in serum were confirmed by indirect ELISA.And then the activities of the specific protective antibody were determined by cytopathic effect inhibition(CPEI).Results Construction of the pET28a(+)-NS1 m/pET28a(+)-NS1n prokaryotic expression plasmid,SDS-PAGE analysis showed that,NS1 gene partial sequence was expressed,both the relative molecular weight of about 22.3×103:Western blot showed that the protein can bind anti-His tag monoclonal antibody;byNi affinity chromatographywith apurity of 92% protein,on the C6/36 cell toxicity,and can be used ELASA detection.The results showed that the levels of specific IgM/IgG antibody and neutralizing antibody activities were increased in pcDNA3.1-M-NS1 booster immunization group than other groups.The result had been observed longer duration of antibody level in peDNA3.1-M-NS1 booster immunization group.Conclusion Humoral immune response were significantly different between pcDNA3.1-M-NS1 and pcDNA3.1-N-NS1 recombinant plasmid immunized mice groups.

Polymorphisms of DNA repair genes XRCC1 and susceptibility to non-Hodgkin lymphoma / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective To investigate the correlation between XRCC1 R280H,XRCCl TSS+29C/T genetic polymorphisma and susceptibility to non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Methods The MassARRAY method was applied to detect the DNA repair gene XRCC1 genetic polymorphisms in 73 cases of NHL and 540 cases of normal healthy controls. Chi-square test was performed to calculate the adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results For XRCCl R280H genotypes, there was a significant difference between frequencies of the G and A among patients and controls (P=0.001). However, XRCCl TSS+29C/T genotypes had no statistical difference as for the T and C frequencies between patients and controls (P = 0.383). The frequency of XRCCI R280H with at least one A genotype was lower in the NHL cases than in controls, indicating a decreased risk for NHL development (OR=0.309, 95 % CI =0.168-0.567), comparing with GG genotype. In XRCC1 TSS+29C/T genotypes, the frequeney of TC and CC genotype was higher in NHL cases than in controls and associated with an increased risk of NHL development (P=0.472, OR =1.262, 95 % CI =0.669-2.379). Conclusion DNA repair XRCCl gene possesses significant correlation with NHL.

Dose-response relationship between treatment delay of smear-positive tuberculosis patients and intra-household transmission: a cross-sectional study.

In order to document the effect of treatment delay on tuberculosis (TB) latent infection among the household contacts of TB patients, a cross-sectional TB infection prevalence survey was conducted among household contacts in Yunnan Province, southern China. In total, 1360 household contacts of 393 smear-positive pulmonary TB patients were enrolled, together with 308 household contacts of 90 non-TB patients. Using the contacts of non-TB patients as the baseline of TB infection, there was a dose-response relationship between household infection and delay of TB treatment (TB infection prevalence 9.7, 7.8, 19.9, 25.7 and 26.9% for non-TB case, TB case with delay < or =30 d, 30-60 d, 60-90 d and >90 d, respectively). Older age, TB index patient with lung cavitation, and sleeping in the same bedroom with a TB patient were all associated with an increased risk of being tuberculin-skin-test positive. In conclusion, 30 d delay in treatment seems to be the turning point at which a significant increase in risk for TB infection occurs. Apart from conventional indicators, magnitude of treatment delay should be considered as a performance indicator for TB control programmes in high-TB-burden countries. Measures for the detection of early cases should be intensified.

Detections of HBV DNA and HBV Markers in Sera by Fluorescence Quantitative PCR and ELISA for Preventing Nosocomial Infection / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To prevent nosocomial infection and increase the safety of blood supply so as to evaluate the feasibility of routine detections in screening blood donations for HBV DNA and HBV markers. METHODS(Three hundred blood) donors and 346 cases were detected by ELISA for HBV markers,and then performed by LightCycler for HBV DNA. RESULTS One(1.6%) of 62 negative samples of HBV markers in 346 cases was positive for HBV DNA.Out of 300 qualified donors in screening tests,six(2%) were positive for HBV DNA.And two(0.9%) of 222 negative samples of HBV markers were positive for HBV DNA. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that there are HBV infections with negative hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg) in population of Qingdao area and that incorporating fluorescence quantitative PCR into ELISA in screening blood donations for HBV infection will further increase the safety of blood supply and prevent nosocomial infections.

Nosocomial Infection Management:Current Status / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To study the current infection control issues and discuss protocols of nosocomial infection management. METHODS Based on the characteristics and progresses of domestic and international nosocomial infection management,we analyzed the existing problems and countermeasures of some key issues. RESULTS Enhancing nosocomial infection objective-surveillance,the personnel construction,information technology,etc are the chief methods to improve the quality of nosocomial infection control. CONCLUSIONS Adopting some new measures to strengthen the nosocomial infection management is essential and important to the security of medical treatment.