ABSTRACT
AIMS: Patients with heart failure (HF) and their family caregivers commonly experience depressive symptoms associated with low quality of life (QOL) at the individual level. However, there is a lack of knowledge about how QOL and family function are associated with depressive symptoms at the dyad level. The aim of this article is to compare QOL and family function among dyads stratified by depressive symptoms. METHODS AND RESULTS: Outpatients with HF and their primary caregivers completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II for depressive symptoms, the Short Form 36 for physical and mental QOL, and the McMaster Family Assessment Device for a family function. Analysis of variance was used to compare QOL and family function among the four dyad groups. A total of 91 dyads were categorized into four groups: neither member having depressive symptoms (43.9%), only the caregiver having depressive symptoms (13.2%), only the patient having depressive symptoms (23.1%), and both members having depressive symptoms (20.9%). Dyads without depressive symptoms had the highest levels of physical and mental QOL among the groups. The dyads with both members having depressive symptoms had the lowest levels of physical and mental QOL (P < 0.001) and the lowest levels of general family functioning, problem-solving ability, and communication ability (P < 0.001). Intermediate levels of QOL were seen in dyads with only one member having depressive symptoms, and a similar pattern of intermediate scores was found in all three subscales of family function. CONCLUSION: Dyads with both members having depressive symptoms may be at greatest risk of having poor QOL and low family functioning.
