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1.
Gesundheitswesen ; 85(3): 149-157, 2023 Mar.
Article in German | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34560799

ABSTRACT

HINTERGRUND: Regionale Deprivation ist als ökologischer Parameter eine Komponente der sozialen Determinanten von Gesundheit. Zu ihrer Messung stehen in Deutschland der "German Index of Multiple Deprivation" (GIMD) und der "German Index of Socioeconomic Deprivation" (GISD) zur Verfügung. Chronisch entzündliche Darmerkrankungen (CED) sind keine häufigen, aber ernste körperliche Erkrankungen unklarer Ätiologie, mit vergleichsweise frühem Auftreten im Erwachsenenalter, oft chronisch-behandlungsbedürftigem Verlauf und unsicherer Prognose. Daten einer kontrollierten Versorgungsstudie erlauben es, Assoziationen zwischen regio-naler Deprivation und Merkmalen der Krankheit und ihrer Versorgung zu untersuchen. Wir erwarteten ungünstigere Krankheitsverhältnisse bei höherer Deprivation. METHODIK: Vorgestellt werden deskriptive Zusatzauswertungen (n=530) der 2016 bis 2019 durchgeführten MERCED-Studie zu Wirksamkeit und Nutzen einer stationären medizinischen Rehabilitation bei Sozialversicherten mit einer CED. Analysiert wurden Daten aus der Basisbefragung zu selbstberichteten Krankheitsmerkmalen, Krankheitsfolgen und Versorgungsleistungen in ihrem Zusammenhang mit dem Ausmaß regionaler Deprivation der Wohnregion (Kreisebene). ERGEBNISSE: Die Zuordnung der Wohnregion der Kranken zu den Quintilen von GIMD und GISD korrelieren unter rho=0,76 miteinander (gewichtetes kappa=0,74). Regionale Deprivation zeigt, gemessen mit dem GIMD, überzufällige Unterschiede allein in den sozialen Teilhabeeinschränkungen (IMET) und der Zahl der "Einschränkungstage". Dabei schildern sich Personen aus dem niedrigsten Deprivationsquintil als am stärksten eingeschränkt. Für die Einschränkungstage findet sich ein irre-guläres Muster. Beim GISD wird eine unsystematische Variation der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität (EQ-VAS) statistisch auffällig. Auch hier berichten Personen mit der geringsten regionalen Deprivation von einer besonders schlechten Lebensqualität. In einem Extremgruppenvergleich weisen Personen, die in nach GIMD und GISD stark deprivierten Regionen leben, günstigere Werte im Krankheitsverlauf beim IMET und EQ-VAS auf. Auch für Parameter der medizinischen Versorgung lassen sich keine systematischen Zusammenhänge mit den Deprivationsindizes darstellen. SCHLUSSFOLGERUNG: Krankheitsmerkmale, Krankheitsfolgen und die medizinische Versorgung von CED-Kranken zeigen sich weitgehend unabhängig vom Ausmaß der mit zwei Indizes bestimmten regionalen Deprivation. Die wenigen auffälligen Unterschiede weisen in eine überraschende Richtung: Personen aus deprivierten Regionen berichten günstigere Krankheitsverhältnisse. BACKGROUND: As an ecological parameter, area deprivation is one component of the social determinants of health. For Germany two indices to measure area deprivation are currently available: The German Index of Multiple Deprivation (GIMD) and the German Index of Socioeconomic Deprivation (GISD). Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are not frequent but severe diseases of so far unknown etiology, comparatively early manifestation in adulthood, often chronic course requiring long-lasting medical attention, and uncertain prognosis. Data of a controlled health care trial enable us to study associations between area deprivation and disease and treatment variables. We expected more unfavourable conditions with increasing level of deprivation. METHODS: We present secondary descriptive analyses of an RCT on effectiveness and benefit of medical inpatient rehab of 530 socially insured IBD patients. We used data from the initial assessment of numerous self-reported disease characteristics, consequences of disease, and health care items in relation to the extent of area deprivation at patients' county ("Kreis") level. RESULTS: Grouped into quintiles, patients' results from GIMD and GISD are closely correlated (rho=0.76; weighted kappa=0.74). Regional deprivation, as assessed by GIMD, shows noticeable associations only with participation restriction (IMET scale) and number of disability days. However, subjects from least deprived areas report highest restrictions whereas the distribution of disability days exhibits an irregular pattern. GISD data are weakly and unsystematically related to quality of life measurements. Again, patients from least deprived areas show a considerably low quality of life. A comparison of two extreme groups (very low vs. very high deprivation in GIMD and GISD combined) corroborates the finding: Subjects from highly deprived areas report in general more favourable disease characteristics. We found no association between deprivation and any health care item. CONCLUSION: Disease characteristics, psychosocial consequences, and health care of IBD seem to be mainly independent of the extent of area deprivation. The few statistically noticeable associations are unexpected: Patients from more deprived counties give more favourable reports.


Subject(s)
Medicine , Quality of Life , Humans , Germany , Delivery of Health Care
2.
Dtsch Arztebl Int ; 117(6): 89-96, 2020 02 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32102728

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The poor evidence base is a major problem for the German rehabilitation sector. This trial focused on testing the efficacy and benefit of inpatient medical rehabilitation compared to routine care in a single common entity, namely, chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS: This pragmatic, multicenter, randomized controlled trial with a parallel group design included gainfully employed patients with IBD who were covered by one of four statutory health insurance providers. Patients in the intervention group were actively advised regarding options for rehabilitation and given support in applying for it; patients in the control group continued with the care they had been receiving before participation in the trial. The primary endpoint was social participation, and there were various secondary endpoints, including disease activity and sick days taken off from work. All parameters were assessed by questionnaire at the beginning of the trial and twelve months later. This was trial no. DRKS00009912 in the German clinical trials registry. RESULTS: In a complete case analysis, the intervention group (211 patients, of whom 112 underwent rehabilitation) did better than the control group (220 patients, of whom 15 underwent rehabilitation) in multiple respects. The reported limitation in social participation was reduced by 7.3 points in the intervention group and 2.9 points in the control group (p = 0.018; d = 0.23). Significant improvements were also seen in disease activity, vitality, health-related quality of life, and self-management, with effect sizes between 0.3 and 0.4. No benefit was seen in outcomes related to working capacity. Sensitivity analyses lent further support to the findings. CONCLUSION: Rehabilitation research can be conducted with individually randomized, controlled trials. The findings of this trial indicate the absolute effectiveness of ied rehabilitation for IBD patients, as well as its additional benefit compared to routine care.


Subject(s)
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/rehabilitation , Chronic Disease , Germany , Humans , Treatment Outcome
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