Iron deficiency is associated with Hypothyroxinemia and Hypotriiodothyroninemia in the Spanish general adult population: Di@bet.es study.

Previous studies have suggested that iron deficiency (ID) may impair thyroid hormone metabolism, however replication in wide samples of the general adult population has not been performed. We studied 3846 individuals free of thyroid disease, participants in a national, cross sectional, population based study representative of the Spanish adult population. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxin (FT4) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) were analyzed by electrochemiluminescence (E170, Roche Diagnostics). Serum ferritin was analyzed by immunochemiluminescence (Architect I2000, Abbott Laboratories). As ferritin levels decreased (>100, 30-100, 15-30, <15 µg/L) the adjusted mean concentrations of FT4 (p < 0.001) and FT3 (p < 0.001) descended, whereas TSH levels remained unchanged (p = 0.451). In multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, UI, BMI and smoking status, subjects with ferritin levels <30 µg/L were more likely to present hypothyroxinemia (FT4 < 12.0 pmol/L p5): OR 1.5 [1.1-2.2] p = 0.024, and hypotriiodothyroninemia (FT3 < 3.9 pmol/L p5): OR 1.8 [1.3-2.6] p = 0.001 than the reference category with ferritin ≥30 µg/L. There was no significant heterogeneity of the results between men, pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women or according to the iodine nutrition status. Our results confirm an association between ID and hypothyroxinemia and hypotriiodothyroninemia in the general adult population without changes in TSH.

Déficit de vitamina D y morbimortalidad en pacientes críticos pediátricos / Vitamin D deficiency and morbimortality in critically ill paediatric patients

Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia y factores de riesgo del déficit de vitamina D (VDD) en una unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos (UCIP), así como su relación con la morbimortalidad durante el ingreso. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional prospectivo realizado en la UCIP de un hospital terciario en 2 fases: I: estudio de cohortes, y II: estudio de prevalencia. Se incluyó a 340 niños > 6 meses, excluyendo a aquellos con enfermedad renal crónica, trastornos paratiroideos y suplementación con vitamina D. Se realizó medición de 25-hidroxivitamina D total (25[OH]D) en las primeras 48 h del ingreso, parathormona (PTH), calcio, fósforo, gasometría venosa, hemograma, proteína C reactiva y procalcitonina. Se registraron datos sociodemográficos, características del episodio y complicaciones. Resultados: La prevalencia de VDD (< 20ng/ml) fue del 43,8%, con media de 22,28 (IC del 95%, 21,15-23,41) ng/ml. Los pacientes con déficit fueron de mayor edad (61 vs. 47 meses, p = 0,039), sus padres tenían un mayor nivel académico (36,5% vs. 20%, p = 0,016), ingresaron más frecuentemente en invierno y primavera, obtuvieron mayor puntuación PRISM-III (6,8 vs. 5,1, p = 0,037), mayor estancia (3 vs. 2 días, p = 0,001) y morbilidad (61,1% vs. 30,4%, p<0,001) que los pacientes con niveles suficientes (≥ 20ng/ml). Los pacientes fallecidos tuvieron niveles inferiores de 25(OH)D (14 ± 8,81ng/ml vs. 22,53 ± 10,53ng/ml, p = 0,012). La OR ajustada para la morbilidad fue 5,44 (IC del 95%, 2,5-11,6). Conclusiones: El VDD es frecuente en pacientes críticos pediátricos y está relacionado con la morbimortalidad en UCIP, aunque queda por esclarecer si se trata de una relación causal o es simplemente un marcador de gravedad en diferentes situaciones clínicas (AU)

Objectives: To determine the prevalence and risks factors of vitamin D deficiency, as well as its relationship with morbidity and mortality in a PICU. Material and methods An observational prospective study in a tertiary children's University Hospital PICU conducted in two phases: I: cohorts study, and II: prevalence study. The study included 340 critically ill children with ages comprising 6 months to 16 years old. Exclusion criteria: Chronic kidney disease, known parathyroid disorders, and vitamin D supplementation. Total 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was measured in the first 48 hours of admission to a PICU. Parathormone, calcium, phosphate, blood gases, blood count, C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin were also analysed. A record was also made of demographic features, characteristics of the episode, and complications during the PICU stay. Results: The overall prevalence rate of vitamin D deficiency was 43.8%, with a mean of 22.28 (95% CI 21.15-23.41) ng/ml. Patients with vitamin D deficiency were older (61 vs 47 months, P=.039), had parents with a higher level of academic studies (36.5% vs 20%, P=.016), were admitted more often in winter and spring, had a higher PRISM-III (6.8 vs 5.1, P=.037), a longer PICU stay (3 vs 2 days, P=.001), and higher morbidity (61.1% vs 30.4%, P< 001) than the patients with sufficient levels of 25(OH)D. Patients who died had lower levels of 25(OH)D (14 ± 8.81ng/ml versus 22.53 ± 10.53ng/ml, P=.012). Adjusted OR for morbidity was 5.44 (95%CI; 2.5-11.6). Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency is frequent in critically ill children, and it is related to both morbidity and mortality, although it remains unclear whether it is a causal relationship or it is simply a marker of severity in different clinical situations (AU)

Reference values for TSH may be inadequate to define hypothyroidism in persons with morbid obesity: Di@bet.es study.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the reference range of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in different BMI categories and its impact on the classification of hypothyroidism. METHODS: The study included 3,928 individuals free of thyroid disease (without previous thyroid disease, no interfering medications, TSH <10 µUI/mL and thyroid peroxidase antibodies [TPO Abs] <50 IU/mL) who participated in a national, cross-sectional, population-based study and were representative of the adult population of Spain. Data gathered included clinical and demographic characteristics, physical examination, and blood and urine sampling. TSH, free thyroxine, free triiodothyronine, and TPO Ab were analyzed by electrochemiluminescence (E170, Roche Diagnostics, Basel, Switzerland). RESULTS: The reference range (p2.5-97.5) for TSH was estimated as 0.6 to 4.8 µUI/mL in the underweight category (BMI<20 kg/m2 ), 0.6 to 5.5 µUI/mL in the normal-weight category (BMI 20-24.9 kg/m2 ), 0.6 to 5.5 µUI/mL in the overweight category (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2 ), 0.5 to 5.9 µUI/mL in the obesity category (BMI 30-39.9 kg/m2 ), and 0.7 to 7.5 µUI/mL in the morbid obesity category (BMI ≥40). By using the reference criteria for the normal-weight population, the prevalence of high TSH levels increased threefold in the morbid obesity category (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Persons with morbid obesity might be inappropriately classified if the standard ranges of normality of TSH for the normal-weight population are applied to them.

[Vitamin D deficiency and morbimortality in critically ill paediatric patients]. / Déficit de vitamina D y morbimortalidad en pacientes críticos pediátricos.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and risks factors of vitamin D deficiency, as well as its relationship with morbidity and mortality in a PICU. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An observational prospective study in a tertiary children's University Hospital PICU conducted in two phases: i: cohorts study, and ii: prevalence study. The study included 340 critically ill children with ages comprising 6 months to 16 years old. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Chronic kidney disease, known parathyroid disorders, and vitamin D supplementation. Total 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was measured in the first 48hours of admission to a PICU. Parathormone, calcium, phosphate, blood gases, blood count, C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin were also analysed. A record was also made of demographic features, characteristics of the episode, and complications during the PICU stay. RESULTS: The overall prevalence rate of vitamin D deficiency was 43.8%, with a mean of 22.28 (95% CI 21.15-23.41) ng/ml. Patients with vitamin D deficiency were older (61 vs 47 months, P=.039), had parents with a higher level of academic studies (36.5% vs 20%, P=.016), were admitted more often in winter and spring, had a higher PRISM-III (6.8 vs 5.1, P=.037), a longer PICU stay (3 vs 2 days, P=.001), and higher morbidity (61.1% vs 30.4%, P<001) than the patients with sufficient levels of 25(OH)D. Patients who died had lower levels of 25(OH)D (14±8.81ng/ml versus 22.53±10.53ng/ml, P=.012). Adjusted OR for morbidity was 5.44 (95%CI; 2.5-11.6). CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D deficiency is frequent in critically ill children, and it is related to both morbidity and mortality, although it remains unclear whether it is a causal relationship or it is simply a marker of severity in different clinical situations.