ABSTRACT
Laminin subunit beta-3 (LAMB3) encodes one of the three subunits of LM-332, a protein of the extracellular matrix secreted by cultured human keratinocytes. While LAMB3 is involved in the invasive and metastatic abilities of several tumor types, including those found in the colon, pancreas, lung, cervix, stomach, and prostate, its mechanism of action in thyroid cancer has not been investigated previously. Our results show that LAMB3 is up-regulated in papillary thyroid cancer, and that its suppression reduces cell migration/invasion via down-regulation of epithelialâmesenchymal transition-associated proteins (N-cadherin, vimentin, slug) and inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase 9. LAMB3 suppression also significantly decreases Akt phosphorylation and inhibits the transcription of c-MET, reducing its activation. These results suggest that LAMB3 leads to tumor invasion via Akt activation induced by the HGF/c-MET axis in papillary thyroid cancer cells. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism of action for LAMB3 in papillary thyroid cancer cells.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Papillary/pathology , Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism , Cell Movement , Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/metabolism , Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology , Carcinoma, Papillary/metabolism , Case-Control Studies , Cell Proliferation , Cells, Cultured , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Humans , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Phosphorylation , Signal Transduction , Thyroid Neoplasms/metabolism , KalininABSTRACT
Fungus ball (FB) is the most common form of extramucosal fungal rhinosinusitis involving one or more paranasal sinuses. The sphenoid sinus is an uncommon site of this disease. Here, we present our 20-year experience of managing isolated sphenoid sinus FB (SSFB). We retrospectively reviewed a series of 47 cases of isolated SSFB encountered between 1996 and 2015 with reference to the chronological incidence, demographics, clinical features, radiological findings, treatment modalities, and outcome. Recently, the number of patients with isolated SSFB has increased markedly. The mean age of the patients in this study was 63.1 years (range 26-84 years), and there was significant female predominance. The most common symptom was headache (72.3%), which was localised in various regions. On the other hand, nasal symptoms presented at a relatively low rate. On computed tomography, the most common findings were total opacification, calcification, and sclerosis of the bony walls. There was no significant difference in the presence of SSFB between the ipsilateral and contralateral sides of the nasal septal deviation and concha bullosa. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated an isointensity on T1-weighted images and marked hypointensity on T2-weighted images. Treatment consisted of endonasal endoscopic sphenoidotomy with complete removal of the FB. The prognosis was good, with no recurrence after a mean follow-up of 13.2 months. Isolated SSFB is a rare disease, but its prevalence is increasing. Although the clinical presentation is usually vague and nonspecific, SSFB should be considered in patients with unexplained headache, especially in elderly women. Endoscopic sphenoidotomy is a reliable treatment with low morbidity and recurrence rates.
Subject(s)
Headache , Mycoses , Nasal Surgical Procedures/methods , Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery/methods , Sphenoid Sinus , Sphenoid Sinusitis , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Headache/diagnosis , Headache/epidemiology , Headache/etiology , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Male , Middle Aged , Mycoses/diagnosis , Mycoses/epidemiology , Mycoses/physiopathology , Mycoses/surgery , Nose Deformities, Acquired/diagnosis , Nose Deformities, Acquired/epidemiology , Nose Deformities, Acquired/etiology , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care , Republic of Korea/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Sphenoid Sinus/diagnostic imaging , Sphenoid Sinus/microbiology , Sphenoid Sinus/surgery , Sphenoid Sinusitis/diagnosis , Sphenoid Sinusitis/microbiology , Sphenoid Sinusitis/physiopathology , Sphenoid Sinusitis/surgery , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methodsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The optimal resection extent for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) confined within a unilateral lobe remains controversial. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 132 consecutive patients who underwent total thyroidectomy for the treatment of clinically unilateral PTMC between March 2005 and March 2009. The frequency, pattern, and predictive factors for occult contralateral carcinoma in these patients were analyzed with respect to the following variables: age, gender, tumor size, multifocality of primary tumor, presence of perithyroidal invasion, lymphovascular invasion or capsular invasion, presence of central lymph node metastasis, and the presence of coexistent benign nodules in the contralateral lobe based on preoperative evaluation and final pathology. RESULTS: A total of 22 patients (16.7%) had occult PTMC in the contralateral lobe. In multivariate analysis, multifocality of the primary tumor (P = 0.026, odds ratio = 7.714) and the presence of coexistent benign nodule in the contralateral lobe by preoperative evaluation (P = 0.036, odds ratio = 3.500) were independent predictive factors for occult contralateral PTMC presence. However, there were no significant differences between the presence of occult contralateral carcinomas and age, gender, tumor size, perithyroidal invasion, lymphovascular invasion, capsular invasion, central lymph node metastasis, and coexistent benign nodules by final pathology. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our findings, total thyroidectomy, including the contralateral lobe, should be considered for the treatment of unilateral PTMC if it presents as a multifocal tumor in the unilateral lobe and/or if nodules are found in the contralateral lobe during preoperative evaluation.
