ABSTRACT
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Subject(s)
Humans , Indicators of Morbidity and Mortality , Mortality Registries/statistics & numerical data , Environment , Ecosystem , Spain/epidemiology , Ecological Studies , Residence Characteristics/classification , Geographic Information SystemsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Most effective strategies designed to improve antimicrobial prescribing have multiple approaches. We assessed the impact of the implementation of a rigorous antimicrobial guide and subsequent multifaceted interventions aimed at improving antimicrobial use in Primary Care. METHODS: A quasi-experimental study was designed. Interventions aimed at achieving a good implementation of the guide consisted of the development of electronic decision support tools, local training meetings, regional workshops, conferences, targets for rates of antibiotic prescribing linked to financial incentives, feedback on antibiotic prescribing, and the implementation of a structured educational antimicrobial stewardship program. Interventions started in 2011, and continued until 2018. Outcomes: rates of antibiotics use, calculated into defined daily doses per 1,000 inhabitants-day (DID). An interrupted time-series analysis was conducted. The study ran from January 2004 until December 2018. RESULTS: Overall annual antibiotic prescribing rates showed increasing trends in the pre-intervention period. Interventions were followed by significant changes on trends with a decline over time in antibiotic prescribing. Overall antibiotic rates dropped by 28% in the Aljarafe Area and 22% in Andalusia between 2011 and 2018, at rates of -0.90 DID per year (95%CI:-1.05 to -0.75) in Aljarafe, and -0.78 DID (95%CI:-0.95 to -0.60) in Andalusia. Reductions occurred at the expense of the strong decline of penicillins use (33% in Aljarafe, 25% in Andalusia), and more precisely, amoxicillin clavulanate, whose prescription plummeted by around 50%. Quinolones rates decreased before interventions, and continued to decline following interventions with more pronounced downward trends. Decreasing cephalosporins trends continued to decline, at a lesser extent, following interventions in Andalusia. Trends of macrolides rates went from a downward trend to an upward trend from 2011 to 2018. CONCLUSIONS: Multifaceted interventions following the delivering of a rigorous antimicrobial guide, maintained in long-term, with strong institutional support, could led to sustained reductions in antibiotic prescribing in Primary Care.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Antimicrobial Stewardship/trends , Practice Patterns, Physicians'/trends , Primary Health Care/trends , Antimicrobial Stewardship/statistics & numerical data , Decision Support Techniques , Drug Utilization/statistics & numerical data , Drug Utilization/trends , Humans , Inappropriate Prescribing/prevention & control , Inappropriate Prescribing/statistics & numerical data , Inappropriate Prescribing/trends , Interrupted Time Series Analysis , Practice Patterns, Physicians'/statistics & numerical data , Primary Health Care/statistics & numerical data , SpainABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: In our setting (District, Seville, Andalusia, Spain....) it is not rare to find annual incidence rates for TBC of more than 30 new cases per 100,000 inhabitants. It reveals that this problem is nowhere near being eradicated. This study is aimed at describing the clinical and public health patterns of tuberculosis cases within the "South-East Seville" Healthcare District. METHODS: Descriptive study of the reported cases (personal traits, location, time, type of disease, risk factors) throughout the 1992-2000 period in the "South-East Seville" Healthcare District, located in the city of Seville and including some rural centers of population. Percentage distribution of cases for the different studied factors and the incidence rates for group of interest (sex, age groups, geographic areas) are provided. RESULTS: A mean annual incidence rate of 19.4 cases/100,000 inhabitants has been estimated. Notable differences in incidence depending on group of sex (RR = 2.1), age (annual incidence of more than 24 cases/100,000 inhabitants among children age 0-4 and adults age 25-39) and geographical area were found. The frequency of relapses and repeated treatments, as well as shortcomings with regard to conducting and reporting the studies on family members and contacts were noted. CONCLUSIONS: The situation analysis in a Healthcare District such as the one described here (currently approx. 610,000 inhabitants) throughout a nine-year follow-up period -entailing 1,065 reported cases- may well provide us some orientation about the situation in our environment. It also gives us the possibility to compare it with some other studies. A downward trend in the incidence rate has been noted as of 1997. Some organizational measures to be taken into account for controlling this infection are provided.
Subject(s)
Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Cohort Studies , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Risk Factors , Sex Factors , Spain/epidemiology , Tuberculosis/prevention & control , Tuberculosis, Pleural/epidemiology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Fundamento: La situación actual en nuestro entorno (Distrito, Sevilla, Andalucía, España), donde no es raro observar incidencias anuales de TBC por encima de 30 casos nuevos por 100.000 habitantes, señala que el problema no está próximo, a ser erradicado. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo describir los patrones clínicos y de salud pública de presentación de la tuberculosis en el ámbito del Distrito Sanitario "Sevilla Este-Sur". Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de los casos de tuberculosis declarados (características personales, lugar, tiempo, tipo de enfermedad, factores de riesgos) durante el periodo 1992- 2000 en el distrito sanitario "Sevilla Este-Sur", situado en la ciudad de Sevilla y con algunos núcleos rurales. Se calculan la distribución porcentual de casos para los distintos factores estudiados y las tasas de incidencia en variables de interés (sexo, grupos edad, áreas geográficas).Resultados: Se ha estimado una incidencia media anual de 19,4 casos / 100.000 habitantes. Existen diferencias en la incidencia por sexo (RR=2,1), por grupos de edad (incidencia anual por encima de 24 casos /100.000 habitantes en los niños de 0-4 y adultos 25-39 años de edad) y zona geográfica. Se observa la frecuencia de recidivas y repeticiones de tratamientos, así como carencias en la realización o comunicación de los estudios de familiares y contactos, observándose problemas de mal cumplimiento terapéutico y deficiencias de control en el entorno de los pacientes. Conclusiones: El análisis de la situación en un distrito sanitario como el que se describe (alrededor de 610.000 habitantes en la actualidad) durante nueve años de seguimiento y con 1.065 casos declarados, puede orientar sobre una situación más general en nuestro entorno, posibilitando comparaciones con otros estudios. Se observa una tendencia descendente de la incidencia desde 1997. Se señalan algunas medidas organizativas a tener en cuenta para el control de la infección (AU)
