ABSTRACT
Background: Primary lung neoplasms are, frequently represented by solid, solitary, or multiple formations. However, malignant cavitary lesions may be presented as lung adenocarcinomas. Those malignant lesions differ from benignant bullae by the thickness heterogeneity of its surrounding shape. Case Description: The present clinical case reports a 14-year-old female dog, of mixed breed, with an increase in the coughs frequency, fatigue, and exercise intolerance. A chest X-ray was taken, a large emphysematous cystic area was found, with thickened and irregular walls located in the left caudal pulmonary lobe, which measured 8 × 7.5 × 3 cm, and rejected the bronchial branch corresponding to the left caudal pulmonary lobe, in addition to thickening of the bronchial walls, compatible with bronchopathy. The tomographic examination of the cavity showed an air content structure, oval to round in shape, with irregular thick hyperattenuating walls measuring approximately 0.4 cm in thickness, occupying more than 30% of the left hemithorax, and pulmonary lobectomy was chosen. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of bronchoalveolar adenocarcinoma, with the presence of sparse areas of necrosis and dystrophic calcification. Conclusion: The present case successfully diagnosed a malignant bulae, after a surgical remove. The tomographic finds although not confirmatory, suggest a malignant component by the shape and thickness of its wall. The tomographic exam is of great importance, because only through it, it is possible to evaluate if there is lymph node or pleural involvement or the presence of small metastasis foci. There is indication for surgery and histopathological examination of the piece for a definitive diagnosis.
Subject(s)
Blister , Dog Diseases , Lung Neoplasms , Animals , Dogs , Female , Blister/diagnosis , Blister/pathology , Blister/veterinary , Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Dog Diseases/pathology , Dog Diseases/surgery , Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Lung Neoplasms/veterinary , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/veterinaryABSTRACT
Metástases hepáticas são a maior causa de morte em pacientes com câncer colorretal. Apesar dos tratamentos através de cirurgia e quimioterapia, o prognóstico destes pacientes permanence desfavorável. Portanto, há uma grande necessidade de se desenvolver novas estratégias terapêuticas, através da utilização de um bom modelo animal. Enxertos derivados de Paciente (PDX), são modelos pré-clínicos que representam com acurácia a individualidade do câncer humano. A doença metastática pode também ser reprodizida através da implantação ortotópica do tumor no orgão correspondente no camundongo. Testes com diferentes tratamentos baseados na assinatura genética do tumor podem ser realizados no modelo pré-clínico contribuindo no tratamento do paciente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um modelo de enxerto tumoral de metástase hepática de cancer colorretal, a partir de fragmento tumoral fresco implantado no parênquima hepático de camundongos atímicos nude. Nós reproduzimos com sucesso tumores metastáticos de pacientes para camundongos, e propagamos em três passagens de camundongos. As características morfológicas e imuno-histoquímicas demonstraram que os enxertos recriaram a arquitetura tumoral e expressaram as proteínas de reparo MLH1, MSH2, MSH1, e PMS2. Após a primeira passagem o tempo de crescimento tumoral variou de 153-281 dias para 27-99 dias sem perda de identidade tumoral. Doença linfoproliferativa pós-transplante foi observada em um caso. Este piloto obteve sucesso em estabelecer institucionalmente a plataforma pré-clínica PDX permitindo estudar novas estratégias terapêuticas, progressão da doença, biomarcadores e resposta a tratamento
Liver metastasis is the major cause of death for patients with colorectal cancer. Despite treatment with surgery and chemotherapy, patient outcomes are quite unfavorable. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop new treatment strategies, with the associated establishment of good animal models. Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) are preclinical models that accurately represent the individuality of human cancer. Metastatic disease can also be modeled using orthotopic implantation to the corresponding mouse organ to test various treatments based on individualized gene signatures of the human tumor, and results can inform clinical decision-making. The objective of this study was develop metastatic colorectal tumors in athymic nude mice, implanting fresh tumor fragments into mouse liver parenchyma. We successfully propagated metastatic tumors from patients in mice, serially implanted in second and third-generation mice. Morphologic and immunohistochemical characteristics indicate that xenografts recreate the tumor architecture and mismatch repair gene expression for MLH1, MSH2, MSH1, and PMS2. After tumor implantation during first passage, the time of tumor growth decreased from 150 to 250 days to 30 to 100 days, without loss of tumor identity. Post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disease was observed in one case. This pilot study was successful in establishing the institutional PDX preclinical platform to study new therapeutic strategies, disease progression biomarkers, and treatment responsiveness
