Nutritional Status is Associated with Permanent Tooth Eruption in a Group of Brazilian School Children.

The present study aimed to investigate the association between nutritional status with delayed tooth eruption (DTE). Oral examination was performed in schoolchildren (8-11 years old), and DTE was defined by absence of dental gingival emergence or when primary tooth was still present in the oral cavity after the expected time. BMI z-score of each child were collected and nutritional status was defined. Chi-square test and binary logistic regression adjusted by age and gender were performed. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) were calculated. The established alpha was 5%. Among 353 included children, 247 were classified as eutrophic, 16 as underweight, 64 as overweight, and 26 as obese. Underweight was associated as a risk factor to DTE (P = .014; OR = 3.5; 95% CI = 1.3-9.8), and underweight girls had more chance to present DTE than eutrophic girls (P = .048; OR = 4.4; 95% CI = 1.1-17.2) in chi square test. In logistic regression, underweight was associated as a risk factor to DTE (OR = 4.21; CI 95% = 1.42-12.43; P = .009). Underweight children have a higher risk of DTE in permanents.

Assessing the Association Between Nutritional Status, Caries, and Gingivitis in Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective. To evaluate if nutritional status is associated with caries and gingivitis in Brazilian schoolchildren. Material and methods. Children of both genders, age ranging from 8 to 11 years old, were included in this study. Caries was diagnosed using ICDAS (International System for Detection and Assessment of Carious Lesions) and gingivitis was diagnosed using the Community Periodontal Index. The nutritional status of each child was defined by BMI Z-score calculation. Data on oral health behavior and dietary habit were collected through parent's questionnaires. Parametric analyzes were performed to compare the groups. The established alpha was 5%. Results. The sample consisted of 353 schoolchildren: 16 underweight children, 247 eutrophic children, 64 overweight children, and 26 were obese children. Overweight, Obese and Overweight + Obese children presented less cavitated caries lesion than Eutrophic children (P < .05). Gingivitis was not associated with nutritional status (P > .05). Conclusion. Caries was associated with overweight and obesity in Brazilian schoolchildren.

Vitamin D receptor FokI and BglI genetic polymorphisms, dental caries, and gingivitis.

BACKGROUND & AIM: To investigate the association between the genetic polymorphisms FokI (rs2228570) and BglI (rs739837) in vitamin D receptor (VDR) with dental caries and gingivitis susceptibility. DESIGN: This study included 353 Brazilian children (8 to 11 years old). Dental caries was assessed using ICDAS (International System for Detection and Assessment of Carious Lesions) and gingival bleeding using Community Periodontal Index (CPI). The presence of visible biofilm was also evaluated. DNA was extracted from saliva, and real-time PCR was used to evaluate genetic polymorphisms in VDR: rs2228570 (FokI, A>G/Met>Thr) and rs739837 (BglI, G>T). Dental caries was evaluated as a continuous data (mean and standard deviation-SD) and was also categorized (ICDAS0 versus ICDAS1-6 or ICDAS1-2 versus ICDAS3-6). Gingivitis was categorized in with and without. One-way ANOVA was used for comparisons of caries among genotypes. Chi-square test, logistic regression, and haplotype analysis were performed (P < .05). RESULTS: Biofilm was associated with dental caries susceptibility and gingivitis (P < .05). The mean distribution of the caries lesions and cavitated caries lesions among FokI and BgII genotypes were not statistically significant (P > .05). Genotype distributions among caries groups (in the two different cut-offs) and among gingivitis and non-gingivitis groups were not statistically significant (P > .05). CONCLUSION: The polymorphisms FokI and BglI in VDR were not associated with dental caries or gingivitis.

Tooth injuries: Knowledge of parents of public school students from the city of Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The prognosis of traumatized teeth can be optimized if appropriate procedures are following at the time of the accident. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of knowledge of students' parents from a group of Brazilian schools regarding fracture and tooth avulsion in permanent teeth. METHODS: Parents of 802 students were interviewed using a pre-tested questionnaire designed to explore how they would manage their child's dental avulsion or fracture. RESULTS: Among the parents, 8.6% reported their child had already suffered tooth injuries. Concerning dental fracture, 49.5% considered the possibility of bonding the tooth fragment and, for dental avulsion, 65.5% considered tooth replantation. Approximately 33.5% of parents would take the child to the dental office in case of fracture or dental avulsion, and of those, 66.2% would do so immediately. Further, 69.5% (for fracture) and 70.4% (for avulsion) would do so regardless of symptoms; only 24.2% and 21.3%, respectively, would seek care only if there was pain. In case of avulsion, 22.3% of those interviewed would store the tooth in liquid, such as saline solution (17.8%), water (16.4%) and fresh milk (12.2%). CONCLUSION: Parents had partial and insufficient knowledge as to the proper approach to be adopted in cases of fracture and dental avulsion. Previous experience of dental trauma was not related to more appropriate behavior regarding these injuries.

Vitamin E and organic selenium for broilers from 22 to 42 days old: performance and carcass traits

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of vitamin E and selenium on performance, viability, productive efficiency, and yields of carcass, major cuts, and organs of broilers from 22 to 42 days submitted to cyclic-heat stress. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with two levels of selenium (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg) and three levels of vitamin E (300, 400, and 500 mg/kg), plus a control treatment. Animals were submitted to a natural condition of high cyclic temperature. Organic selenium levels of 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg associated with 300, 400, and 500 mg/kg of vitamin E were tested. The level of vitamin E did not affect the performance or production efficiency of broilers in the period from 22 to 33 days and 22 to 42 days. However, the selenium inclusion level of 0.3 mg/kg improved the viability in both phases. The yields of carcass, major cuts, intestine, and heart were not influenced by the levels of selenium and vitamin E, whereas abdominal fat for the selenium level 0.1 mg/kg decreased linearly with the inclusion in vitamin E.

Vitamin E and organic selenium for broilers from 22 to 42 days old: performance and carcass traits.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of vitamin E and selenium on performance, viability, productive efficiency, and yields of carcass, major cuts, and organs of broilers from 22 to 42 days submitted to cyclic-heat stress. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with two levels of selenium (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg) and three levels of vitamin E (300, 400, and 500 mg/kg), plus a control treatment. Animals were submitted to a natural condition of high cyclic temperature. Organic selenium levels of 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg associated with 300, 400, and 500 mg/kg of vitamin E were tested. The level of vitamin E did not affect the performance or production efficiency of broilers in the period from 22 to 33 days and 22 to 42 days. However, the selenium inclusion level of 0.3 mg/kg improved the viability in both phases. The yields of carcass, major cuts, intestine, and heart were not influenced by the levels of selenium and vitamin E, whereas abdominal fat for the selenium level 0.1 mg/kg decreased linearly with the inclusion in vitamin E.

Percepção dos acadêmicos de odontologia da UNIFAL/MG quanto a formação em saúde da família / Perception of dentistry's students of UNIFAL/MG as training in family health

O presente estudo verificou a percepção dos acadêmicos do último período do curso de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Alfenas, quanto a sua formação em Saúde da Família. Os alunos foram entrevistados por meio de um roteiro e as respostas foram gravadas com a autorização dos participantes. Posteriormente, todas as respostas dessa análise qualitativa, foram descritas através de categorização. Os resultados mostraram que os alunos consideraram a ESF um serviço resolutivo, que a realização do Estágio Supervisionado foi importante para a sua formação, que a carga horária para realização do estágio e a abordagem teórica das disciplinas foram adequadas. Dessa forma, concluiu-se que os acadêmicos de Odontologia da Unifal/MG consideram-se aptos a atuarem Saúde da Família.

This study examined the perceptions of students from the last period of the course of Dentistry, Federal University of Alfenas, regarding their training in Family Health. The students were interviewed trhough a script and their responses were recorded with due authorization. Subsequently, all answers to this qualitative analysis, were described by the categorization. The results demonstrated that students considered the ESF a resolving a service, the Supervised Probation's fulfillment was important to their training, the workload for the traineeship and the theoretical approach of the courses were appropriate. Therefore,it is considered that the dental students of Unifal / MG have a good perception of training in family health.

Percepção de pacientes HIV-positivo de um centro de referência em relação a tratamentos de saúde / Percption of HIV-positive patients from a referral center for health care

Introdução: os profissionais de saúde, em muitos casos, apresentam práticas defensivas e excludentes, características do preconceito e da discriminação, no atendimento a pacientes HIV-positivo. Objetivo: verificar a percepção de pacientes soropositivos de um centro de referência para DST/HIV/aids em relação a tratamentos de saúde. Métodos: realizaram-se entrevistas com perguntas relacionadas às atitudes discriminatórias sofridas, acesso e assistência à saúde. Resultados: participaram da pesquisa 130 indivíduos, dos quais 30 (23,1%) relataram eventos de discriminação sofrida fora do centro de referência, predominantemente do cirurgião-dentista e 112 (86,2%) acreditavam ter o mesmo acesso e assistência à saúde que outros cidadãos. Sessenta e dois (47,7%)tratavam-se com o dentista do centro de referência, sendo que destes, 56 (90,3%) achavam bom serem atendidos em uma unidade odontológica somente para HIV-positivo e seis (9,7%) mostraram-se indiferentes, acreditavam estar mais expostos, ou ser preconceito haver um dentista para atender indivíduos soropositivos. Conclusão: conclui-se que muitos pacientes já foram discriminados fora do centro de referência. Porém, a maioria apresenta um sentimento positivo ao tratamento recebido num local específico para pacientes HIV-positivo, devido ao acolhimento compreendido pela humanização e acesso aos serviços de saúde.

Introduction: health professionals, in many cases, have defensive and exclusionary practices, patterns of prejudice and discrimination in response to HIVpositive patients. Objective: to verify the perception of patients seropositives from a reference center for STD/HIV/aids in relation to health care. Methods: there were interviews with questions related to discriminatory attitudes suffered, access and health care. Results: 130 individuals participated in the survey, from which 30 (23.1%) reported events of discrimination suffered outside the center of reference, predominantly from surgeon-dentists and 112 (86.2%) believed to have the same access and health care as other citizens. 62 (47.7%) treated with the dental center of reference, of which 56 (90.3%) felt goodbeing treated in a dental unit only for HIV positive and six (9.7%) were indifferent, believed to be more exposed, or have a bias to attend dental seropositive individuals. Conclusion: it is concluded that many patients have already been discriminated against outside the reference center. However, most of them have a positive feeling towards the treatment received at a specific place for treating HIV-positive patients, due to the feeling of being welcome at that place due to the humanization and access to health care.