Genetic variations in immune mediators and prostate cancer risk: A field synopsis with Bayesian calculations.

OBJECTIVE: Our study aimed to revaluate the significant data from meta-analyses on genetic variations in immune mediators and the risk of prostate cancer (PCa) by Bayesian approaches. METHODS: We performed a search on the literature before September 5th, 2023, for meta-analytic studies on polymorphisms in immune mediator genes and the risk of PCa. Two Bayesian approaches were used to assess the level of noteworthiness in the meta-analytic data: the False-Positive Rate Probability (FPRP) and the Bayesian False Discovery Probability (BFDP) with a statistical power of 1.2 and 1.5 of Odds Ratio at a prior probability of 10-3 and 10-6. The quality evaluation of studies was performed with the Venice criteria. Gene-gene and protein-protein networks were designed for the genes and products enrolled in the results. RESULTS: As results, 18 meta-analyses on 17 polymorphisms in several immune mediator genes were included (IL1B rs16944/rs1143627, IL4 rs2243250/rs2227284/rs2070874, IL6 1800795/rs1800796/rs1800797, IL8 rs4073, IL10 rs1800896/rs1800871/rs1800872, IL18 rs1946518, COX2 rs2745557, TNFA rs361525 and PTGS2 rs20417/689470). The Bayesian calculations showed the rs1143627 and the rs1946518 polymorphisms in IL1B and IL18 genes, respectively, were noteworthy. The Venice criteria showed that only four studies received the highest level of evidence. The gene-gene and protein-protein networks reinforced the findings on IL1B and IL18 genes. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, this current Bayesian revaluation showed that the rs1143627 and the rs1946518 polymorphisms in the IL1B and IL18 genes, respectively, were noteworthy biomarker candidates for PCa risk.

Application of the galactomannan gel from Cassia grandis seeds for biomedical purposes: Study of the incorporation of collagenases and their release profile.

The galactomannan-based gel from Cassia grandis seeds was used to incorporate Penicillium sp. UCP 1286 and commercial collagenases. Experiments were carried out according to a 23-full factorial design to identify the most significant parameters for the incorporation process. The pH of the incorporation solution (pHi), stirring time (t), and initial protein concentration in the crude extract (PCi) were selected as the three independent variables, and the efficiency of collagenase incorporation (E) and collagenolytic activity (CA) after 360 min as the responses. pHi and PCi showed positive statistically significant effects on E, while CA was positively influenced by pHi and t, but negatively by PCi. The fungi collagenase was released from the gel following a pseudo-Fickian behavior. Additionally, no <76 % of collagenase was efficiently incorporated into the gel retaining a high CA (32.5-69.8 U/mL). The obtained results for the commercial collagenase (E = 93.88 %, CA = 65.8 U/mL, and n = 0.10) demonstrated a pseudo-Fickian behavior similar to the fungi-collagenase. The results confirm the biotechnological potential of the gel as an efficient matrix for the incorporation of catalytic compounds; additionally, the incorporation of collagenases was achieved by retaining the proteases CA and releasing them in a controlled manner.

Artificial Feeding of Ornithodoros fonsecai and O. brasiliensis (Acari: Argasidae) and Investigation of the Transstadial Perpetuation of Anaplasma marginale.

Anaplasma marginale is a Gram-negative, obligate intraerythrocytic bacterium that causes bovine anaplasmosis. While hard ticks of the genera Dermacentor and Rhipicephalus can be biological vectors, transmitting this pathogen via saliva during blood meals, blood-sucking insects, and fomites play a role as mechanical vectors. Little is known about the interaction between Anaplasma marginale and Argasidae ticks. Among soft ticks, Ornithodoros fonsecai (Labruna and Venzal) and Ornithodoros brasiliensis Aragão inhabit environments surrounding localities where many cases of bovine anaplasmosis have been reported. Ticks of the species O. fonsecai parasitize bats, while O. brasiliensis can parasitize different vertebrate species. Therefore, the present study aimed to feed third-instar nymphs artificially (N3) of O. fonsecai and O. brasiliensis using blood samples obtained from a calf naturally infected with A. marginale and rabbit blood added to A. marginale-containing bovine erythrocytes, to investigate the ability of these nymphs to acquire, infect and transstadially perpetuate this agent. For the artificial feeding system, adapted chambers and parafilm membranes were used. Nymphs of both tick species were submitted to different replications weighed before and after each feeding. Blood samples and molted ticks were submitted to DNA extraction, quantitative real-time PCR for the msp1ß gene to detect A. marginale DNA, while a semi-nested polymerase chain reaction for the msp1α gene was performed for genotyping. Using calf blood naturally infected with A. marginale, among the three artificial feeding replications performed with O. fonsecai and O. brasiliensis nymphs, the DNA of A. marginale was detected in both nymphs after 30-50 days of molting. For artificial feeding with rabbit blood added to bovine erythrocytes containing A. marginale, the DNA of this pathogen was also detected in both nymph species. As for the assay for the msp1α gene, strains were found Is9; 78 24-2; 25; 23; α; and ß. It was concluded that nymphs (N3) of O. fonsecai and O. brasiliensis could feed artificially through a parafilm membrane using blood from calves and rabbits infected by A. marginale. The DNA of A. marginale was detected in nymphs fed artificially of both tick species studied after molt. However, further studies are needed to confirm transstadial perpetuation in other instars and their host transmission capacity.

Artificial feeding of Ornithodoros fonsecai and O. brasiliensis (Acari: Argasidae) and investigation of the Transstadial perpetuation of Anaplasma marginale

Anaplasma marginale is a Gram-negative, obligate intraerythrocytic bacterium that causes bovine anaplasmosis. While hard ticks of the genera Dermacentor and Rhipicephalus can be biological vectors, transmitting this pathogen via saliva during blood meals, blood-sucking insects, and fomites play a role as mechanical vectors. Little is known about the interaction between Anaplasma marginale and Argasidae ticks. Among soft ticks, Ornithodoros fonsecai (Labruna and Venzal) and Ornithodoros brasiliensis Aragão inhabit environments surrounding localities where many cases of bovine anaplasmosis have been reported. Ticks of the species O. fonsecai parasitize bats, while O. brasiliensis can parasitize different vertebrate species. Therefore, the present study aimed to feed third-instar nymphs artificially (N3) of O. fonsecai and O. brasiliensis using blood samples obtained from a calf naturally infected with A. marginale and rabbit blood added to A. marginale-containing bovine erythrocytes, to investigate the ability of these nymphs to acquire, infect and transstadially perpetuate this agent. For the artificial feeding system, adapted chambers and parafilm membranes were used. Nymphs of both tick species were submitted to different replications weighed before and after each feeding. Blood samples and molted ticks were submitted to DNA extraction, quantitative real-time PCR for the msp1β gene to detect A. marginale DNA, while a semi-nested polymerase chain reaction for the msp1α gene was performed for genotyping. Using calf blood naturally infected with A. marginale, among the three artificial feeding replications performed with O. fonsecai and O. brasiliensis nymphs, the DNA of A. marginale was detected in both nymphs after 30–50 days of molting. For artificial feeding with rabbit blood added to bovine erythrocytes containing A. marginale, the DNA of this pathogen was also detected in both nymph species. As for the assay for the msp1α gene, strains were found Is9; 78 24-2; 25; 23; α; and β. It was concluded that nymphs (N3) of O. fonsecai and O. brasiliensis could feed artificially through a parafilm membrane using blood from calves and rabbits infected by A. marginale. The DNA of A. marginale was detected in nymphs fed artificially of both tick species studied after molt. However, further studies are needed to confirm transstadial perpetuation in other instars and their host transmission capacity.

Establishment and multiapproach characterization of Amblyomma sculptum (Acari: Ixodidae) cell line (ASE-14) from Brazil.

The establishment and characterization of the ASE-14 cell line derived from embryos of Amblyomma sculptum is described here. Primary cultures were started, and after 60 days of culturing a confluent monolayer was formed and the first subculture was then carried out. After this, new subcultures were carried out every 4 weeks. Cryopreservation of cells was successful only after the 14th subculture. We compared the chromosomes of the ASE-14 cell line with those of parental ticks. Cytogenetic analysis revealed occurrences of variable and increased diploid numbers in the ASE-14 cell line in comparison with adult ticks, probably through polyploidization events, chromosome fusions and translocations, which allowed generation of cells with distinct diploid numbers. Confirmation of the origin of the A. sculptum cell line was obtained through conventional PCR and sequencing of a fragment of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene. In addition, no DNA from Anaplasma marginale, Anaplasma spp., Babesia/Theileria spp., Bartonella spp., Coxiella spp., Ehrlichia canis, Mycoplasma spp. or Rickettsia spp. was detected in the cells through PCR assays. Cytological analyses were performed using live phase contrast microscopy and cytocentrifuge smears stained with Giemsa, while periodic acid-Schiff and bromophenol blue staining techniques were used to detect polysaccharides and protein, respectively. In conclusion, a new cell line derived from embryos of A. sculptum was generated and characterized in this study. The ASE-14 cell line was deposited in the Tick Cell Biobank at the University of Liverpool, and in the Tick Cell Biobank South America Outpost at the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ). The ASE-14 cell line is an important addition to the existing panel of tick cell lines and can be used as a tool for advancing research in various areas of the virology, bacteriology, biology and control of this tick.

First report of collagenase production by Trichosporon sp. strain isolated from pollen of Amazonian bee (Melipona seminigra seminigra).

Trichosporon yeasts are widely employed to produce lipids, lipases, and aspartic peptidases, but there are no previous studies on collagenase production. This work aimed to select the best collagenase producing Amazonian Trichosporon strains. Moreover, a 23-full factorial design (FFD) and a 22-central composite design combined with Response Surface Methodology were applied to optimize production and find the best conditions for hydrolysis of type I bovine collagen. Most of the studied strains had some collagenolytic activity, but the selected one achieved the highest value (44.02 U) and a biomass concentration of 2.31 g/L. The best collagenase production conditions were 160 rpm of agitation, pH 5.5 and a substrate concentration of 4.0 g/L. The former experimental design showed that substrate concentration was the only statistically significant factor on both biomass concentration and collagenase activity, while the latter showed simultaneous effects of substrate concentration and pH on collagenolytic activity, which peaked at pH 5.5-6.4 and substrate concentration of 3.0-3.4 g/L. An additional 2³-FFD was finally used to optimize the conditions collagen hydrolysis, and pH 6, 25 °C and a substrate concentration of 7.5 (g/L) ensured the highest hydrolysis degree. This study is the first that describes optimized conditions of collagenase production by Trichosporon strains.

Analysis on the prokaryotic microbiome in females and embryonic cell cultures of Rhipicephalus sanguineus tropical and temperate lineages from two specific localities in Brazil.

Two lineages of Rhipicephalus sanguineus are known in Brazil: the temperate or southern and the tropical or northern populations. The distribution patterns of both lineages of R. sanguineus have epidemiological implications that can affect vectorial competence concerning Ehrlichia canis, the agent of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis. Intending to identify the microbiomes of both lineages and compare microorganisms in R. sanguineus, we used the 16S rRNA (V4-V5 region) gene-based metataxonomic approach, through NGS sequencing on the MiSeq Illumina platform. We selected specimens of females from the environment and samples of primary embryonic cell cultures, from both lineages, and this was the first study to investigate the prokaryotic microbiome in tick cell cultures. The results showed that many bacterial taxa detected in the samples were typical members of the host environment. A significant diversity of microorganisms in R. sanguineus females and in embryonic cell cultures from both lineages was found, with emphasis on the presence of Coxiella in all samples, albeit in different proportions. The Coxiella species present in the two lineages of ticks may be different and may have co-evolved with them, thus driving different patterns of interactions between ticks and the pathogens that they can harbor or transmit to vertebrate hosts.

Multilayer Thin-Film Optical Filters for Reflectance-Based Malaria Diagnostics.

Malaria diagnosis relies on optical microscopy and/or rapid diagnostic tests based on detecting specific malaria antigens. The clinical sensitivity of these methods is highly dependent on parasite density, with low levels of detection at low parasite density, challenging the worldwide malaria elimination efforts. Therefore, there is a need for diagnostic methods with higher sensitivity, demanding innovative diagnostics devices able to detect malaria at low parasite density and at early stages of the disease. We propose an innovative optical device for malaria diagnosis, based on optical reflectance spectrophotometry, for the detection of parasites through the quantification of haemozoin. For this purpose, a set of eight thin-film optical filters, based on multilayer stacks of MgO/TiO2 and SiO2/TiO2 thin-films, with high transmittance and low full width at half maximum (FWHM) at specific wavelengths, was designed and fully characterized (both numerically and experimentally). A preliminary assessment of its potential to reconstruct the original spectra of red blood cells was performed, both in uninfected and Plasmodium falciparum-infected samples. The obtained results show that, although the experimental filters have a non-ideal performance characteristic, they allow us to distinguish, based on only 8 discrete points in the optical spectrum, between healthy and malaria infected samples, up to a detection limit of 12 parasites/µL of red blood cells. Those results enhance the potential of using such a device for malaria diagnostics, aiming for non-invasiveness.

Establishment and characterization of a cell line (RBME-6) of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus from Brazil.

Tick cell lines have already proved to be a useful tool for obtaining more information about possible vector species and the factors governing their ability to transmit a pathogen. Here, we established and characterized a cell line (RBME-6) derived from embryos of Rhipicephalus microplus from Brazil. Primary tick cell cultures were prepared in L-15B medium supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum and 10% tryptose phosphate broth. The cell monolayers were subcultured when they reached a density of approximately 8 × 10 5 cells/mL (95% viability). Only after the sixth subculture were cells thawed from storage in liquid nitrogen successfully. Cytological analyses were performed using live phase contrast microscopy and cytocentrifuge smears stained with Giemsa, while periodic acid-Schiff and bromophenol blue staining techniques were used to detect total polysaccharides and total protein, respectively . No DNA from Anaplasma spp., Anaplasma marginale, Babesia spp., Bartonella spp., Coxiella spp., Ehrlichia canis, Rickettsia spp. or Mycoplasma spp. was detected in the cells through PCR assays. In addition, we performed chromosomal characterization of the tick cell line and confirmed the R. microplus origin of the cell line through conventional PCR and sequencing of a fragment of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene. In conclusion, we established and characterized a new cell line from a Brazilian population of R. microplus, which may form a useful tool for studying several aspects of ticks and tick-borne pathogens.

Analysis on the prokaryotic microbiome in females and embryonic cell cultures of Rhipicephalus sanguineus tropical and temperate lineages from two specific localities in Brazil / Análise do microbioma procarionte de fêmeas e cultura celular embrionária de Rhipicephalus sanguineus linhagens tropical e temperada de duas localidades no Brasil

Abstract Two lineages of Rhipicephalus sanguineus are known in Brazil: the temperate or southern and the tropical or northern populations. The distribution patterns of both lineages of R. sanguineus have epidemiological implications that can affect vectorial competence concerning Ehrlichia canis, the agent of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis. Intending to identify the microbiomes of both lineages and compare microorganisms in R. sanguineus, we used the 16S rRNA (V4-V5 region) gene-based metataxonomic approach, through NGS sequencing on the MiSeq Illumina platform. We selected specimens of females from the environment and samples of primary embryonic cell cultures, from both lineages, and this was the first study to investigate the prokaryotic microbiome in tick cell cultures. The results showed that many bacterial taxa detected in the samples were typical members of the host environment. A significant diversity of microorganisms in R. sanguineus females and in embryonic cell cultures from both lineages was found, with emphasis on the presence of Coxiella in all samples, albeit in different proportions. The Coxiella species present in the two lineages of ticks may be different and may have co-evolved with them, thus driving different patterns of interactions between ticks and the pathogens that they can harbor or transmit to vertebrate hosts.

Resumo Duas linhagens de Rhipicephalus sanguineus são conhecidas no Brasil: populações da linhagem temperada ou do sul, e tropical ou do norte. Os padrões de distribuição de ambas as linhagens de R. sanguineus têm implicações epidemiológicas, podendo afetar a competência vetorial de Ehrlichia canis, o agente etiológico da erliquiose monocítica canina. Com a intenção de identificar os microbiomas de ambas as linhagens e comparar microrganismos de R. sanguineus, foi utilizada a metataxonomia, baseada no gene 16S rRNA (região V4-V5), por meio do sequenciamento de nova geração na plataforma MiSeq Illumina. Foram selecionadas amostras de fêmeas do ambiente e cultivo primário de células embrionárias, considerando-se as duas linhagens conhecidas do Brasil. Este é o primeiro estudo que investiga o microbioma procariótico de células de cultura de carrapato. Os resultados mostram que muitos grupos de bactérias detectadas nas amostras são membros típicos do ambiente do hospedeiro. Uma diversidade significativa de microrganismos em fêmeas e cultura de células embrionárias nas duas linhagens de R. sanguineus foi encontrada, com ênfase na presença de Coxiella em todas as amostras, ainda que em diferentes proporções. Possivelmente, as espécies de Coxiella presentes nas duas linhagens de carrapatos são diferentes e co-evoluíram com essas linhagens, conduzindo a diferentes padrões de interação entre carrapatos e patógenos que podem abrigar ou transmitir aos hospedeiros vertebrados.

Uso de teorias e metodologias para atuação com grupos na atenção básica / Use of theories and methodologies for group work in primary care / Uso de teorías y metodologías para la actuación con grupos en la atención básica

As práticas em grupo representam significativa parcela da assistência na atenção básica por meio das políticas de educação em saúde. Há uma diversidade de dispositivos para atuação em grupo e, portanto, cabe ao profissional no processo de trabalho da equipe, a escolha do referencial e da metodologia utilizada nessas práticas. Esta pesquisa pretendeu identificar a compreensão de profissionais da estratégia de saúde da família sobre a prática com grupos na atenção básica. Este artigo compõe uma pesquisa-ação de abordagem qualitativa, realizada com 39 profissionais de diversas categorias atuantes em equipes de saúde do município de Blumenau (SC). Para a produção de dados foram realizados oito grupos focais gravados em áudio e transcritos para posterior análise de conteúdo embasada nos processos grupais de Enrique Pichon-Rivière e pressupostos da ergologia de Ives Schwartz. A maioria dos profissionais demonstraram dificuldades em sugerir teorias, técnicas ou metodologias de trabalho com grupos. A minoria reconheceu o termo 'grupo operativo', contudo nenhum associou ao teórico Pichon-Rivière. As metodologias tradicionais foram referidas como as mais utilizadas, porém a pesquisa constituiu um espaço de debate das normas e práticas grupais dos profissionais. Foi concluído a necessidade de capacitação para desenvolver trabalhos com grupos diante do pouco conhecimento teórico, metodológico e vivencial.

Group practices are a significant part of primary care, enacted via health education policies. Given the wide diversity of devices for group work, it is up to the professional responsible for the work process to choose the framework and methodology to be used in these group practices. This study investigates the professionals' perception of the Family Health Strategy regarding group practices in primary care. A qualitative action research was conducted with 39 professionals from several categories working in health teams in the city of Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Data were collected by means of eight focal groups, audio recorded and transcribed for later content analysis based on Enrique Pichon-Rivière's group processes and Ives Schwartz's ergology assumptions. Most professionals had difficulties in suggesting theories, techniques, or methodologies for working with groups. Few of them recognized the term 'operative group,' but none associated it with psychiatrist Pichon-Rivière. Traditional methodologies were referred to as being widely used, but the research constituted a space for debating the norms and group practices of the professionals. Given the little theoretical, methodological, and experience knowledge evidenced, the text points to a need for training to develop group practices.

Las prácticas grupales representan significativa parte de la asistencia en la atención básica a través de las políticas de educación en salud. Existe una diversidad de dispositivos para actuación en grupo, por lo tanto, le corresponde al profesional en el proceso de trabajo del equipo elegir el referencial y la metodología que serán utilizados en esas prácticas grupales. Esta investigación pretendió identificar la comprensión de profesionales de la Estrategia Salud Familiar sobre la práctica con grupos en la atención básica. Este artículo forma parte de una investigación-acción de abordaje cualitativo, realizada con 39 profesionales de diversas categorías actuantes en equipos de salud del municipio de Blumenau, Santa Catarina (Brasil). Para la producción de datos se realizaron ocho grupos focales grabados en audio y transcritos, para posterior análisis de contenido basado en los procesos grupales de Enrique Pichon-Rivière y presupuestos de la ergología de Ives Schwartz. La mayoría de los profesionales demuestran dificultades en apuntar teorías, técnicas o metodologías de trabajo con grupos. La minoría reconoció el término 'grupo operativo', pero ninguno estuvo asociado al teórico Pichon-Rivière. Las metodologías tradicionales fueron las más utilizadas, sin embargo, la investigación constituyó un espacio de debate de las normas y prácticas grupales de los profesionales. Se concluyó la necesidad de capacitación para desarrollar trabajos con grupos frente al poco conocimiento teórico, metodológico y vivencial.

Um olhar psicanalítico sobre crianças e adolescentes com diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 e seus familiares / A psychoanalytic approch at children and adolescents with diabetes Mellitus type 1 and its family / Una mirada psicanalítica sobre niños y adolescentes con diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 y sus familiares

Este estudo objetivou compreender os aspectos emocionais de crianças e adolescentes com diabetes tipo 1 (DM1) e seus familiares sob um olhar psicanalítico. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo realizado por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com núcleos familiares de crianças e adolescentes com DM1. Os dados foram analisados de acordo com a análise de conteúdo, elegendo-se três categorias: diagnóstico, atendimento e tratamento. As crianças e adolescentes demonstraram sofrimento psíquico relacionado ao diagnóstico e internação hospitalar, com vivências de luto, sentimentos de desintegração e desproteção. Também denotaram sofrimento associado à restrição alimentar e aplicação da insulina. Continuidade do cuidado e disponibilidade dos membros da equipe interprofissional de saúde refletiram positivamente sobre o sentimento de segurança tanto dos familiares quanto das crianças e dos adolescentes. Na perspectiva da psicanálise, os aspectos emocionais observados nos núcleos familiares de crianças e adolescentes com DM1 afetaram sua condição de saúde, interferindo na aceitação, adesão e controle da doença.

This study aimed to comprehend emotional aspects of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (DM1) and their relatives in a psychoanalytic approach. This is a qualitative study carried out through semi-structured interviews with families of children and adolescents with DM1. Data were analyzed according to content analysis on which three categorie were identified: diagnosis, care and treatment. Children and adolescents demonstrated psychic suffering during diagnosis and hospitalization, with experiences of mourning, feelings of disintegration and lack of protection. They also denoted suffering associated with dietary restriction and insulin application. Continuity of care and availability of health interprofessional teamwork reflected positively on the feelings of safety of families, childrens and adolescents. In a psychoanalysis perspective, emotional aspects observed in families of children and adolescents with DM1 affected their health condition, interfering in acceptance, adhesion and control of the disease.

Este estudio objetivó comprender los aspectos emocionales de niños y adolescentes con diabetes tipo 1 (DM1) y sus familiares bajo una mirada psicoanalítica. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo realizado por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas con núcleos familiares de niños y adolescentes con DM1. Los datos fueron analizados de acuerdo con el análisis de contenido, eligiendo-se tres categorías: diagnóstico, atención y tratamiento. Los niños y adolescentes demostraron sufrimiento psíquico relacionados al diagnóstico e internación hospitalaria, con vivencias de luto, sentimientos de desintegración y desprotección. También denotaron sufrimiento asociado a la restricción alimentaria y aplicación de la insulina. Continuidad del cuidado y disponibilidad de los miembros del equipo interprofesional de salud reflejaron positivamente sobre el sentimiento de seguridad tanto de los familiares como de los niños y adolescentes. Desde la perspectiva psicoanalítica, los aspectos emocionales observados en los núcleos familiares de niños y adolescentes con DM1 afectaron su condición de salud, interfiriendo en la aceptación, adhesión y en el control de la enfermedad.

Percepções de aspectos psicossociais no cuidado em saúde de adolescente com obesidade grave / Perceptions of psychosocial aspects in health care of adolescents with severe obesity / Percepciones de los aspectos psicosociales en el cuidado en salud de adolescente con obesidad grave

O objetivo deste estudo foi desvelar percepções de aspectos psicossociais no cuidado de adolescentes com obesidade grave na atenção básica. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo - descritivo que utilizou a entrevista com roteiro semiestruturado para coleta de dados. Os dados foram processados e analisados através de análise temática de conteúdo. Foram entrevistados seis profissionais de saúde, cinco adolescentes com obesidade grave e seis familiares de adolescentes com obesidade grave. Foram identificadas três categorias temáticas: concepção de obesidade, concepção de cuidado e obesidade na vida. Os dados encontrados evidenciaram que a concepção de obesidade dos profissionais de saúde, adolescentes e familiares é multifatorial, incluindo os fatores genéticos e orgânicos, o modo de vida contemporâneo e os aspectos psicológicos. A concepção de cuidado envolveu dieta, atividade física e cirurgia bariátrica. Nessa perspectiva foram realizadas reflexões acerca das políticas públicas de nutrição, saúde mental e saúde do adolescente permeadas pela proposta emergente da integralidade em saúde.

The aim of this study was to revel perceptions of psychosocial aspects in the care of adolescents with severe obesity at primary health care. It is a qualitative and descriptive study that used semi-structured interview for data collection. Thematic content analysis was used to process and analyse text data. Six health professionals, five adolescents with severe obesity and six relatives of adolescents with severe obesity were interviewed. Three categories were identified: obesity conception, health care conception and obesity in life. Our findings show that the conception of obesity by health professionals, adolescents and family was multifactorial including genetic and organic factors, the contemporary way of life and psychological aspects. The health care conception was characterized by diet, physical activity and bariatric surgery. From this perspective, the authors did some reflections on the Brazilian public policies on nutrition, mental health and adolescent health based on the emerging concept of comprehensive health care.

El objetivo de este estudio ha sido desvelar percepciones de los aspectos psicosociales en el cuidado de adolescentes con obesidad grave en la atención primaria. Es un estudio cualitativo - descriptivo que utilizó la entrevista semi-estruturada. Los datos fueron procesados y analizados a través del análisis temático de contenido. Se entrevistó a seis profesionales de la salud, cinco adolescentes con obesidad grave y seis familiares. Se identificaron tres categorías temáticas: concepción de obesidad, concepción de cuidado y obesidad en la vida. Los datos encontrados evidenciaron que la concepción de obesidad de los entrevistados es multifactorial, incluyendo los factores genéticos y orgánicos, el modo de vida contemporáneo y los aspectos psicológicos. La concepción de cuidado involucró la dieta, la actividad física y la cirugía bariátrica. En esa perspectiva se realizaron reflexiones acerca de las políticas públicas de nutrición, salud mental y salud del adolescente permeadas por la propuesta emergente de la integralidad en salud.

Successful Infection of Tick Cell Cultures of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Tropical Lineage) with Ehrlichia canis.

There are two distinct lineages of ticks, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, in South America: tropical and temperate lineages. Only the tropical lineage is recognized as competent vector for Ehrlichia canis. The epidemiological data of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis is congruent with the distribution of the two lineages of R. sanguineus. Herein, we report the infection of R. sanguineus (tropical lineage) cell cultures with E. canis, after cryopreservation. R. sanguineus (tropical lineage) cell identity was confirmed by sequencing using a 16S rDNA gene fragment. Tick cell cultures were prepared in L-15B medium supplemented with 10%, 15%, and 20% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), and 10% of Tryptose Phosphate Broth (TPB). Cell cultures developed better at the concentration of 20% of FBS. Cultures in the fifth harvest (approximately 7 months later) were selected for the first infections. Optimal R. sanguineus cell growth and adhesion was observed (5.0 × 106 cells/mL, and the population doubling time every 57 h). Once infected with E. canis, the cultures were maintained in L-15B medium supplemented with 2% and 5% of FBS fortified with iron and 10% TPB. Infected cells were also cryopreserved. DNA was extracted from infected and noninfected cells and analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR targeting the E. canis-dsb gene. Primary culture of the fifth passage was infected by E. canis and it maintained the pathogen for at least 40 days before partial cell destruction. Subcultures of infected cells (fresh and cryopreserved cultures) onto new tick cell cultures were successful. The E. canis infection was confirmed by real-time PCR and light and transmission electron microscopy. The R. sanguineus (tropical lineage) cells infected with E. canis successfully infected new tick cell cultures, showing that these cells could be an alternative substrate for maintenance of this pathogen.

CO2 Capture with Mesoporous Silicas Modified with Amines by Double Functionalization: Assessment of Adsorption/Desorption Cycles.

CO2 adsorption on mesoporous silica modified with amine by double functionalization was studied. Adsorption microcalorimetry was used in order to investigate the influence of increasing the nitrogen surface density on double functionalized materials with respect to the only grafted materials. The distribution of sites and the rate-controlling mechanism of adsorption were evaluated. A Tian Calvet microcalorimeter coupled to a manometric setup was used to evaluate the energy distribution of adsorption sites and to calculate the thermokinetic parameters from the differential enthalpy curves. CO2 and N2 adsorption equilibrium isotherms at 50 and 75 °C were measured with a magnetic suspension balance, allowing for the computation of working capacity and selectivity at two temperatures. With these data, an Adsorbent Performance Indicator (API) was calculated and contrasted with other studied materials under the same conditions. The high values of API and selectivity confirmed that double functionalized mesoporous silica is a promising adsorbent for the post combustion process. The adsorption microcalorimetric study suggests a change in active sites distribution as the amine density increases. Maximum thermokinetic parameter suggests that physisorption on pores is the rate-controlling binding mechanism for the double-functionalized material.

O gerenciamento de enfermagem em projetos de pesquisa interprofissionais: relato de experiência / Gestión de proyectos de investigación en enfermería interprofesional: relato de experiencia / Management of nursing interprofessional research projects: experience report

RESUMO Introdução: O profissional enfermeiro, como formação tem seus eixos de atuação nas áreas de gerencia, assistência, ensino e pesquisa. Cada vez mais, enfermeiros ocupam cargos de gestores nos serviços de saúde. E nos últimos anos vem se inserindo em projetos de pesquisa, para desenvolver ações de enfermagem baseada em evidências. Objetivo: Relatar a experiência do profissional enfermeiro que exerce a função de coordenador de um centro de exames onde são coletados os dados da pesquisa multicêntrica intitulada "Condições de Vida e Saúde da População de Pomerode - SHIP-BRAZIL", da Universidade de Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brasil, em parceria com a Universidade de Greifswald, Alemanha. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, com abordagem descritiva, através do relato de experiência do profissional. O período de análise foi de julho de 2013 a dezembro de 2015. A coleta de dados fez-se por relato oral, e a análise feita a partir da análise se conteúdo. Resultados: A experiência vivenciada descreve o processo de gestão de estrutura física do centro de exames, gestão de custos, gestão de pessoas, gestão do cuidado e as ferramentas gerenciais utilizadas neste processo. Conclusão: o relato elucida o papel essencial do enfermeiro no processo de estruturação e manutenção do centro de exames, bem como sua postura de liderança e contribui para atuação futura de enfermeiros na área gestão em pesquisa(AU)

RESUMEN Introducción: el profesional de enfermería, debido a su formación, tiene como principales áreas de actividad: las de gestión, atención, enseñanza e investigación. Cada vez más, las enfermeras ocupan puestos de dirección en los servicios de salud. Y en los últimos años se ha ido entrando en proyectos de investigación para desarrollar acciones de enfermería basadas en la evidencia. Objetivo: presentar la experiencia de la enfermera profesional que lleva a cabo la función de coordinador de un centro de exámenes donde se recogen los datos del estudio multicéntrico "Condiciones de Vida y Salud Pomerode Población - ENVÍO-BRASIL". Métodos: se trata de una investigación cualitativa con enfoque descriptivo de la Universidad de Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brasil, en colaboración con la Universidad de Greifswald, Alemania, a través de la experiencia profesional. El período de revisión: a partir de julio de 2013 hasta diciembre de 2015. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo mediante la presentación de informes orales, y el análisis del análisis es el contenido. Resultados: la experiencia vivida describe el proceso de la estructura física de la gestión del centro de exámenes, gestión de costes, gestión de personas, gestión y las herramientas de gestión utilizadas en este proceso de atención. Conclusión: el informe deja claro el papel esencial de la enfermera en el proceso de estructuración y mantenimiento del centro de examen, así como su posición de liderazgo y contribuir a la evolución futura de las enfermeras en el manejo de las áreas de investigación(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: The nurse professional, as a training, has its axes of action in the areas of management, assistance, teaching and research. Increasingly, nurses occupy managerial positions in health services. And in the last few years he has been working on research projects to develop evidence-based nursing actions. Objective: To report the experience of the nurse practitioner who performs the function of coordinator of an examination center where the data of the multicenter research entitled "Conditions of Life and Health of the Population of Pomerode - SHIP-BRAZIL", of the University of Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil, in partnership with the University of Greifswald, Germany. Methods: It is a qualitative research, with a descriptive approach, through the experience report of the professional. The period of analysis was from July 2013 to December 2015. The data collection was done by oral report, and the analysis made from the analysis if content. Results: Experienced experience describes the physical structure management process of the exam center, cost management, people management, care management and the management tools used in this process. Conclusion: The report elucidates the essential role of the nurse in the process of structuring and maintaining the examination center, as well as its leadership position and contributes to the future performance of nurses in the area of research management(AU)

Conhecimento nutricional de uma equipe multiprofissional que atende pessoas com diabetes mellitus na atenção básica / Nutritional knowledge of a multidisciplinary team that serves people with diabetes mellitus in the public health care system

Objetivo: este estudo teve como objetivo descrever conhecimentos em nutrição para portadores de diabetes mellitus de uma equipe de saúde atuante em uma unidade básica. Metodologia: a partir de abordagem qualitativa, foram entrevistados 13 profissionais de saúde dessa unidade, situada na cidade de Blumenau-SC, durante o primeiro semestre de 2013. Resultados: a análise temática a partir das falas possibilitou identificar em muitos momentos carências e/ou contradições no conhecimento sobre a conduta alimentar dos pacientes. Os resultados apontam que mudanças significativas nas prescrições para esses pacientes são de grande valia e cabe à equipe multiprofissional reavaliar a atual conduta, visto que a unidade de saúde não apresenta o profissional mais habilitado, o nutricionista para atender a demanda dessa realidade.

This study aimed to describe knowledge about nutrition for people with diabetes mellitus in a team of health professionals at a public clinic. From a qualitative approach, we interviewed 13 health professionals from this unit, located in the city of Blumenau, SC, during the first half of 2013. Thematic analysis from the interviews made it possible to identify gaps and / or inconsistencies in knowledge about appropriate feeding of patients. The results indicate that significant changes in prescriptions for these patients are of great value, and that the multidisciplinary team should reevaluate current behavior, since the health unit does not have the most qualified professional, the nutritionist, to meet the requirements of this situation.

Concepts of Health in Nursing Education in Undergraduate Schools of Brazil and Portugal / Concepções de saúde na educação em enfermagem em escolas de graduação do Brasil e Portugal / Concepciones de la salud en la educación de enfermería en escuelas de graduación de Brasil y Portugal

This article represents an extract of my PhD research regarding the concepts of health present in undergraduate schools of nursing of Brazil and Portugal. The objective of this research was to comprehend how the concepts of health are explicit in the documents of undergraduate courses and how they are expressed in the discourses of the nursing professors and students. For this, thematic content analysis was used to analyze the professional education of the nurses and the concepts of health present in the nursing courses. The presentation of the results was performed using the Collective Subject Discourse technique. The results showed that in the state of Santa Catarina in Brazil, the concepts of health follow the National Curriculum Guidelines and there is an emphasis directed towards reflection on the Brazilian National Health System (SUS); while in the city of Porto, in Portugal, these concepts follow the Study Plans of the Nursing courses and emphasize nursing care both for the healthy and the sick person. The data also reveal a concern in the construction of the concept of people-centered healthcare.

Este artigo representa um recorte de pesquisa de doutorado a respeito das concepções de saúde, presentes em escolas de graduação em enfermagem do Brasil e de Portugal. O objetivo foi compreender como as concepções de saúde estão explícitas nos documentos dos cursos de graduação e de que forma se expressam nos discursos dos professores e estudantes de enfermagem. Para tanto, utilizou-se análise de conteúdo temática sobre a educação profissional dos enfermeiros e sobre as concepções de saúde presentes nos cursos de enfermagem. A apresentação dos resultados foi realizada através do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Os resultados apontaram que, no Estado de Santa Catarina, no Brasil, as concepções de saúde seguem as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais e há ênfase dirigida à reflexão sobre o Sistema Único de Saúde; enquanto na cidade do Porto, em Portugal, tais concepções seguem os Planos de Estudos dos Cursos de Enfermagem e se enfatiza o cuidado de Enfermagem tanto à pessoa saudável quanto à doente. Os dados revelam, ainda, preocupação na construção do conceito de saúde centrado na pessoa.

Este artículo representa una parte de la investigación que realicé durante el doctorado sobre las concepciones de salud presentes en escuelas de graduación en enfermería de Brasil y Portugal. El objetivo de esta investigación fue comprender como las concepciones sobre la salud están explícitas en los documentos de los cursos de graduación y de qué forma se expresan en los discursos de los profesores y estudiantes de enfermería. Para esto, utilizamos el análisis de contenido temático sobre la educación profesional de los enfermeros y sobre las concepciones de la salud presentes en los cursos de enfermería. La presentación de los resultados fue realizada a través del Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo. Los resultados apuntaron que, en el estado de Santa Catarina, en Brasil, las concepciones de salud siguen las Directrices Curriculares Nacionales y existe un énfasis dirigido a reflexionar sobre el Sistema Único de Salud; en cuanto en la ciudad de Porto, en Portugal, esas concepciones siguen los Planos de Estudios de los cursos de Enfermería y se enfatiza el cuidado de Enfermería tanto a la persona saludable como a la enferma. Los datos revelan, también, una preocupación en la construcción del concepto de salud centrado en las personas.

Concepts of health in nursing education in undergraduate schools of Brazil and portugal.

This article represents an extract of my PhD research regarding the concepts of health present in undergraduate schools of nursing of Brazil and Portugal. The objective of this research was to comprehend how the concepts of health are explicit in the documents of undergraduate courses and how they are expressed in the discourses of the nursing professors and students. For this, thematic content analysis was used to analyze the professional education of the nurses and the concepts of health present in the nursing courses. The presentation of the results was performed using the Collective Subject Discourse technique. The results showed that in the state of Santa Catarina in Brazil, the concepts of health follow the National Curriculum Guidelines and there is an emphasis directed towards reflection on the Brazilian National Health System (SUS); while in the city of Porto, in Portugal, these concepts follow the Study Plans of the Nursing courses and emphasize nursing care both for the healthy and the sick person. The data also reveal a concern in the construction of the concept of people-centered healthcare.

Biossegurança, risco e vulnerabilidade: reflexões para o processo de viver humano dos profissionais de saúde / Biosecurity, risk, and vulnerability: reflexion on the process of human living of the health professionals

The process of human life is surrounded by the risk, that can be interpreted as a concept relatively complex and, many times, not perceived for the individuals in all their dimensions of life. Inserted in the services of health, either in the hospital environment or the basic attention, the health professionals can be exposed to multiple and varied risks, caused by chemical, physical, biological, psychosocial and ergonomic agents. It is in the workplaces that at the same time it is clear the vulnerability as human beings, we overvalue our capacities in situations of risk. In our symbology we believe that we are invisible and protected by an unsurmountable protective layer. The text presents a reflection on biological risk and vulnerability of the health professionals in the context of the process of human life. The selfcare as possibility for reduction of the vulnerability and the risks we usually are submitted, and to discuss on the different dimensions of the quality of life. For health professionals the, the idea of less risk is connected with the idealized notion of a perfect life and this “perfection” is related with the concept of quality of life in a dynamic process between individual behaviors and the collective building of the perception of risk.

O processo de viver humano é permeado pelo risco, que pode ser interpretado como um conceito relativamente complexo e, muitas vezes, não percebido pelos indivíduos em todas as suas dimensões de vida. Inseridos nos serviços de saúde, seja no ambiente hospitalar ou na atenção básica, os profissionais da saúde podem estar expostos a múltiplos e variados riscos, causados por agentes químicos, físicos, biológicos, psicossociais e ergonômicos. É no contexto dos nossos locais de trabalho e na nossa relação com o entorno que, ao mesmo tempo em que evidenciamos nossa vulnerabilidade como seres humanos, supervalorizamos nossas capacidades frente a situações de risco e nos tornamos “super”. Em nossa simbologia acreditamos estar envolvidos por uma espécie de capa protetora invisível e intransponível. O texto apresenta uma reflexão sobre risco biológico e vulnerabilidade dos profissionais da saúde no contexto do processo de viver humano. Trazemos o cuidado de si como possibilidade para redução da vulnerabilidade e dos riscos a que estamos constantemente submetidos, além de argumentar sobre as diferentes dimensões que envolvem a qualidade de vida. Para os profissionais da saúde, a idéia da ausência de riscos está ligada a uma noção idealizada de vida perfeita, relacionada com o conceito de qualidade de vida em um processo dinâmico de articulação entre comportamentos individuais e a percepção de risco, construída coletivamente.