Composição química e degradação ruminal do feno de pindoba de babaçu amonizado em duas alturas / Chemical composition and ruminal degradation of pindoba babassu hay ammoniated at two heights

Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa avaliar a composição química e a degradação in situ do feno de pindoba de babaçu submetido à amonização com três doses de ureia na matéria seca (MS) (2, 4 e 6%) nas alturas de 0 - 1,5 e 1,6 - 3,0 metros. Para avaliação da degradação, pesou-se 4 g de amostra em sacos de náilon, incubados no rúmen de dois bovinos fistulados, nos tempos 6, 24 e 72 h com 5 repetições por tratamento. A amonização com ureia elevou (P<0,05) os teores de proteína bruta (PB) do feno de pindoba de babaçu, porém não influenciou os teores de fibra em detergente neutro (FDNcp) e ácido (FDAcp) livres de nitrogênio, com aumento dessas frações quanto mais alta a forrageira. A degradação potencial da MS foi elevada, com destaque para o tratamento com 4% na MS e altura de 0 - 1,5m (28,45%). A amonização reduziu o tempo de colonização (lag) da FDN (00 h 48 min para altura de 0 - 1,5m) e elevou a fração degradável (Bp). O feno de pindoba de babaçu apresenta melhor degradação potencial e efetiva da MS, PB e FDN quando obtido em altura até 1,5 m e submetido à amonização com doses acima de 4% de ureia, sendo indicados essa altura e esse nível de alcalinização para se obter um feno de melhor qualidade.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the chemical composition and in situ degradation of pindoba babaçu hay submitted to ammonization with three doses of dry matter (DM) urea (2, 4 and 6%) at heights of 0 - 1.5 and 1.6 - 3.0 meters. To evaluate the degradation, 4 g of sample were weighed in nylon bags, incubated in the rumen of two fistulated cattle, at 6, 24 and 72 h, with 5 replications per treatment. Urea ammonization increased (P<0.05) the crude protein (CP) contents of pindoba babassu hay, but did not influence the nitrogen-free (NDFc) and acid (ADFc) detergent fiber contents with the higher these fractions the higher the forage. Potential degradation of DM was high, especially treatment with 4% in DM and height of 0 - 1.5m (28.45%). Ammonization reduced NDF colonization time (lag) (00 h 48 min to 0 - 1.5 m height) and increased degradable fraction (Bp). Babassu pindoba hay presents the best potential and effective degradation of DM, CP and NDF when obtained in height up to 1.5 m and submitted to ammonization with doses above 4% of urea. This height and alkalization level are indicated to obtain a better quality hay.

Composição química e degradação ruminal do feno de pindoba de babaçu amonizado em duas alturas / Chemical composition and ruminal degradation of pindoba babassu hay ammoniated at two heights

Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa avaliar a composição química e a degradação in situ do feno de pindoba de babaçu submetido à amonização com três doses de ureia na matéria seca (MS) (2, 4 e 6%) nas alturas de 0 - 1,5 e 1,6 - 3,0 metros. Para avaliação da degradação, pesou-se 4 g de amostra em sacos de náilon, incubados no rúmen de dois bovinos fistulados, nos tempos 6, 24 e 72 h com 5 repetições por tratamento. A amonização com ureia elevou (P<0,05) os teores de proteína bruta (PB) do feno de pindoba de babaçu, porém não influenciou os teores de fibra em detergente neutro (FDNcp) e ácido (FDAcp) livres de nitrogênio, com aumento dessas frações quanto mais alta a forrageira. A degradação potencial da MS foi elevada, com destaque para o tratamento com 4% na MS e altura de 0 - 1,5m (28,45%). A amonização reduziu o tempo de colonização (lag) da FDN (00 h 48 min para altura de 0 - 1,5m) e elevou a fração degradável (Bp). O feno de pindoba de babaçu apresenta melhor degradação potencial e efetiva da MS, PB e FDN quando obtido em altura até 1,5 m e submetido à amonização com doses acima de 4% de ureia, sendo indicados essa altura e esse nível de alcalinização para se obter um feno de melhor qualidade.(AU)

The objective of this research was to evaluate the chemical composition and in situ degradation of pindoba babaçu hay submitted to ammonization with three doses of dry matter (DM) urea (2, 4 and 6%) at heights of 0 - 1.5 and 1.6 - 3.0 meters. To evaluate the degradation, 4 g of sample were weighed in nylon bags, incubated in the rumen of two fistulated cattle, at 6, 24 and 72 h, with 5 replications per treatment. Urea ammonization increased (P<0.05) the crude protein (CP) contents of pindoba babassu hay, but did not influence the nitrogen-free (NDFc) and acid (ADFc) detergent fiber contents with the higher these fractions the higher the forage. Potential degradation of DM was high, especially treatment with 4% in DM and height of 0 - 1.5m (28.45%). Ammonization reduced NDF colonization time (lag) (00 h 48 min to 0 - 1.5 m height) and increased degradable fraction (Bp). Babassu pindoba hay presents the best potential and effective degradation of DM, CP and NDF when obtained in height up to 1.5 m and submitted to ammonization with doses above 4% of urea. This height and alkalization level are indicated to obtain a better quality hay.(AU)

Performance and grazing behavior of growing goats supplemented with palm tree fruit

This study aimed to evaluate the performance and ingestive behavior of growing goats grazing on Tanzania guinea grass and fed diets containing 40% carnauba or tucum fruits. Twenty-one male castrated goats were distributed into three groups, one exclusively on pasture and the other two on pasture and fed diet supplemented at the level of 1.5% body weight (BW) in a completely randomized design. The intake of the supplements was obtained by difference between the amount supplied and the leftovers, with weighing performed every seven days, while pasture intake was determined using titanium dioxide (TiO2) as external indicator. Ingestive behavior was evaluated for three days. The supplement containing carnauba fruit resulted in a greater intake of neutral detergent fiber (0.137 kg NDF/day), with a reduction of 8.61% in the pasture dry matter (DM) intake of goats. Associated with the intake of pasture nutrients, the tucum fruit diet met the protein (0.103 kg CP/day) and energetic (0.547 kg TDN/day) requirements of goats with intake set at 0.124 kg CP/day and 0.572 kg TDN/day, with higher weight gain (0.111 kg/day) and larger loin eye area (12.76 cm2). The supplementation with fruits influenced the grazing behavior of goats, increasing the idle time by 1 h in relation to animals not supplemented. The supplementation of growing goats grazing on Tanzania guinea grass pasture with a diet containing 40% tucum fruit, in the proportion of 1.5% BW, did not meet the nutritional requirements for gain of 150 g/day; however, it met requirements for maintenance and average gain of 111 g/day. Energy supplementation reduces the grazing time of goats; thus, it is necessary to consider the level and formulation of supplements, with the possibility of increasing the stocking rate and productivity per unit area.(AU)