Prevenção de quedas na hospitalização: oportunidades educativas na perspectiva dos trabalhadores de Enfermagem* / Preventing falls during hospitalization: educational opportunities from the perspective of Nursing staff / Prevención de caídas durante la hospitalización: oportunidades educativas desde la perspectiva de los trabajadores de Enfermería

Objetivo: descrever as oportunidades educativas identificadas pelos trabalhadores de Enfermagem para prevenir as quedas de pacientes adultos hospitalizados. Método: estudo qualitativo, descritivo, com 21 trabalhadores de Enfermagem de um hospital universitário no sul do Brasil. A coleta de dados ocorreu de março a maio de 2020, com entrevistas semiestruturadas, submetidas à Análise de Conteúdo. Resultados: foram descritas pelos trabalhadores a necessidade de as ações educativas atingirem os envolvidos na prevenção das quedas, emergindo as categorias: Protagonismo do paciente na prevenção das quedas: a educação como estratégia para a percepção do risco; O desafio do envolvimento do familiar/acompanhante como potencializador do cuidado; Dialogicidade na prevenção das quedas: uma reflexão sobre o fazer diário. Conclusão: os trabalhadores identificaram as oportunidades de investimento na educação e na formação, considerando as experiências prévias e o contexto social, criando percursos de aprendizagem, testando novas abordagens para a prevenção de quedas e aprimorando seu papel educativo.

Objective: to describe the educational opportunities identified by Nursing staff to prevent falls in hospitalized adult patients. Method: This is a qualitative, descriptive study with 21 Nursing workers from a university hospital in southern Brazil. Data collection took place from March to May 2020, with semi-structured interviews, submitted to Content Analysis. Results: workers described the need for educational actions to reach those involved in fall prevention, and the following categories emerged: Patient protagonism in fall prevention: education as a strategy for risk perception; The challenge of involving the family member/companion as an enhancer of care; Dialogicity in fall prevention: a reflection on daily practice. Conclusion: workers identified opportunities to invest in education and training, taking into account previous experiences and the social context, creating learning paths, testing new approaches to fall prevention, and improving their educational role.

Objetivo: describir las oportunidades educativas identificadas por los trabajadores de Enfermería para prevenir caídas en pacientes adultos hospitalizados. Método: estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, con 21 trabajadores de Enfermería de un hospital universitario del sur de Brasil. La recolección de datos se realizó de marzo a mayo de 2020, con entrevistas semiestructuradas, sometidas a Análisis de Contenido. Resultados: los trabajadores describieron la necesidad de acciones educativas para llegar a los involucrados en la prevención de caídas, surgiendo las siguientes categorías: Papel del paciente en la prevención de caídas: la educación como estrategia para la percepción del riesgo; El desafío de la participación de la familia/acompañante como potenciador del cuidado; Diálogo en la prevención de caídas: una reflexión sobre la práctica diaria. Conclusión: los trabajadores identificaron oportunidades de inversión en educación y capacitación, considerando experiencias anteriores y el contexto social, creando caminos de aprendizaje, probando nuevos enfoques para prevenir caídas y mejorar su rol educativo.

Molecular characterization of the gastrointestinal eukaryotic virome in elderly people in Belem, Para, Brazil.

Acute gastroenteritis is one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide, affecting mainly children, the immunocompromised and elderly people. Enteric viruses, especially rotavirus A, are considered important etiological agents, while long-term care facilities are considered favorable environments for the occurrence of sporadic cases and outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis. Therefore, it is important to monitor the viral agents present in nursing homes, especially because studies involving the elderly population in Brazil are scarce, resulting in a lack of available virological data. As a result, the causative agent remains unidentified in a large number of reported acute gastroenteritis cases. However, the advent of next-generation sequencing provides new opportunities for viral detection and discovery. The aim of this study was to identify the viruses that circulate among elderly people with and without acute gastroenteritis, living in residential care homes in Belém, Pará, Brazil, between 2017 and 2019. Ninety-three samples were collected and screened by immunochromatography and qPCR. After, the samples were analyzed individually or in pools by next generation sequencing to identify the viruses circulating in this population. In 26 sequenced samples, members of 13 eukaryotic virus families were identified. The most abundantly present virus families were Parvoviridae, Genomoviridae and Smacoviridae. Contigs displaying similarity to pegiviruses were also detected. Furthermore, a near-complete rotavirus A genome was obtained and could be classified as G3P[8] genotype with the equine DS-1-like genetic background. Complete sequences of the VP4 and VP7 genes of a rotavirus C were also detected, belonging to G4P[2]. This study demonstrates the first characterization of the gastrointestinal virome in elderly in Northern Brazil. A diversity of viruses was found to be present in patients with and without diarrhea, reinforcing the need to monitor elderly people residing in long-term care facilities, especially in cases of acute gastroenteritis.

Immobilization of Aspergillus ficuum tannase in calcium alginate beads and its application in the treatment of boldo (Peumus boldus) tea.

Tannase (tannin acyl hydrolase, E.C. 3.1.1.20) is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ester and depside linkages in hydrolysable tannins such as tannic acid, releasing gallic acid and glucose. It has several commercial applications in food industry, among which are gallic acid production, reduction of tannin content in fruit juices, and preparation of instantaneous tea. In this study we immobilized Aspergillus ficuum tannase in calcium alginate beads and then used it to treat boldo (Peumus boldus) tea. Such a technique allowed entrapping tannase with a 75% efficiency and appreciably increasing its thermal and pH stability compared with the free enzyme. Storage stability and reuse of the immobilized enzyme were very promising, in that about 60% of starting enzyme activity was retained after bead storage for 90 days at 4 °C or after six cycles of use. Boldo tea treatment with immobilized tannase for 120 min at 40 °C led to 31 and 60% removals of tannins and epigallocatechin gallate, an increase of about two orders of magnitude in gallic acid content, 56 and 109% increases in total flavonoids and epigallocatechin contents, a 42.8% increase in antioxidant activity and significant enhancements of tea color, clarity and pH.

Characterisation of bare and tannase-loaded calcium alginate beads by microscopic, thermogravimetric, FTIR and XRD analyses.

Incorporating enzymes into calcium alginate beads is an effective method to immobilise them and to preserve, at the same time, their catalytic activity. Sodium alginate was mixed with Aspergillus ficuum tannase in aqueous solution, and tannase-loaded calcium alginate beads were prepared using a simple droplet-based microfluidic system. Extensive experimental analysis was carried out to characterise the samples. Microscopic imaging revealed morphological differences between the surfaces of bare alginate matrix and tannase-loaded alginate beads. Thermal analysis allowed assessing the hydration contents of alginate and revealed the presence of tannase entrapped in the loaded beads, which was confirmed by vibrational spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction allowed us to conclude that alginate of tannase-loaded beads is not crystalline, which would make them suitable as carriers for possible controlled release. Moreover, they could be used in food applications to improve tea quality or clarify juices.

Production, characterization of tannase from Penicillium montanense URM 6286 under SSF using agroindustrial wastes, and application in the clarification of grape juice (Vitis vinifera L.).

Tannase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes esters and lateral bonds of tannins, such as tannic acid, releasing glucose and gallic acid and stands out in the clarification of wines and juices. Fungi of the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium are excellent producers of this enzyme. The search for fungi that produce high levels of tannase as well as new substrates for the enzyme production by the SSF is required. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the production of tannase by Aspergillus and Penicillium species through SSF using leaves and agroindustrial waste barbados cherry and mangaba fruit as substrate, select the best producer, optimize production, characterize the crude enzyme extract, and apply it the clarification of grape juice. Selecting the best producer was performed by planning Placket-Burman and RSM. P. montanense showed highest activity with 41.64 U/mL after 72 h of fermentation residue using barbados cherry, with 3.5% tannic acid and 70% moisture. The enzyme showed the highest activity at pH 9.0 and 50°C. The tannase of P. montanense was stable over a wide pH range and temperature and, when applied to grape juice, showed higher efficiency by reducing 46% of the tannin content after incubation 120 m.