ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to evaluate the possibility of sex and age estimation in a Brazilian sample, using the following five mandibular measurements: coronoid height, gonial angle, bigonial distance, ramus height, maximum length. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In total, 103 mandibles were measured, 53 female and 50 male, grouped according to the age in 5 different groups. Two different observers performed all these measurements. For statistical analysis, one-way ANOVA was used with a significance level of 5% to verify if the mandibular measurements were related to age. The Student t-test was used for comparisons between the sex samples. Eighty three samples were used to develop a logistic regression model. The intra-observer and inter-observer differences were evaluated using the Kappa coefficient. RESULTS: The sex differences were statistically significant in all the variables, and all of them were larger in men, apart from the variable related to the gonial angle (GA), which was larger in women. For the logistic regression formula, the variables used were: bigonial distance and mandibular ramus, with 90% accuracy. For age, the measurements did not show a pattern. The inter and intra-observer values were greater than 0.85. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, it is possible to estimate sex using mandibular measurements, but it is not recommended to use these measurements for age estimation.
ABSTRACT
O protocolo do Laboratório de Antropologia Forense (LAF) do Centro de Medicina Legal (CEMEL) da Universidade de São Paulo (USP) foi estruturado para a obtenção de um perfil bioantropológico de cada ossada admitida para exame pericial, no intuito de apurar as características de sexo, ancestralidade, idade e estatura, além da análise de destreza manual. Com a inserção da análise odontológica na rotina do laboratório, foi organizado um protocolo odontolegal pela Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto (FORP) da USP, com a finalidade de sistematização e organização dos dados odontológicos coletados no exame post mortem para subsidiar processos que sejam passiveis de identificação por meio dos arcos dentais. O objetivo desse artigo é apresentar uma descrição do referido protocolo odontolegal. Conclui-se que o referido protocolo permite a coleta de uma série de informações odontológicas que podem ser utilizadas para fins de identificação humana.
The protocol from the Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology (LAF) in the Center of Legal Medicine at the University of São Paulo (USP) was structured to obtain an anthropological profile of each skeleton admitted for evaluation, in order to assess the characteristics of sex, ancestry, age, height, and manual dexterity. With the insertion of dental examination in the laboratory routine, a Forensic Odontology protocol was organized by USP - School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto team, with the purpose of systematizing and organizing the dental data collection during the post mortem exam, to support processes for human identification through the dental information. The aim of this paper is to present the protocol's description. It was concluded that the protocol allows the collection of many dental data that can be used for human identification.
Subject(s)
Humans , Forensic Anthropology , Forensic Dentistry , Forensic AnthropologyABSTRACT
Introdução: O Perito Odontolegista é um profissional com curso superior em Odontologia e que tem sua atuação regulamentada pelos artigos 63 e 64 da Resolução CFO 063/2005 garantindo-lhe o direito de trabalhar tanto na área criminal como nas áreas cível, trabalhista e administrativa. Em âmbito criminal, está vinculado, normalmente, aos institutos oficiais de perícias, exemplificados por Instituto de Medicina Legal (IML), Instituto de Criminalística (IC) ou Instituto Geral de Perícias (IGP), possuindo extrema importância no corpo dos órgãos oficiais de perícia por se tratarem dos únicos e verdadeiros conhecedores da sua área de atuação. Podem desenvolver identificação no vivo, em cadáver, perícias antropológicas em crânio, perícias de lesões corporais e manchas, determinação da idade, determinação de embriaguez alcoólica e outros exames. Objetivo: Diante do exposto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar um levantamento e análise de todas as legislações específicas que regem a atuação do Perito Oficial Odontolegista nos estados brasileiros, no intuito de definir os que possuem essa carreira profissional estabelecida. Material e Métodos: Para tanto, utilizou-se da pesquisa descritiva junto aos sítios eletrônicos da Policia Civil, Policia Técnico-Científica ou Instituto Geral de Perícias de cada unidade federativa. Resultados e Conclusão: Após a análise dos dados do levantamento realizado, concluiu-se que em apenas 17 estados da federação existe a regulamentação para o cargo de Perito Odontolegista, sendo que em apenas 12 entes há a atuação efetiva deste profissional.
Introduction: Forensic Odontologist is a professional with a Dentistry degree who has your actions regulated by the articles 63 and 64 of the Brazilian Federal Council of Dentistry Regulation no 63/2005, guaranteeing the right to work in the criminal, civil, labor and administrative courts. In the criminal context, it is linked to the Institute of Legal Medicine, Institute of Criminalistics or Institute of General Expertise (IGP), having extremely importance in the official corporation of expertise for being the only ones with the knowledge to deal with the area. They are able to develop human identification, anthropological exams, analysis of injury and stains, age determination, determination of alcoholic intoxication and other tests. Objective: The aim of this paper was to verify and analyze all the specific laws that regulate the Forensic Odontologist's work in the Brazilian states, in order to establish which states have this professional career. Material and methods: It was performed a descriptive research in electronic sites of the Civil Police, Technical and Scientific Police and Institute of General Expertise of each state. Results and Conclusion: After analyzing the data, it was concluded that in only 17 Brazilian states there is a regulation for the position of Forensic Odontologist and only 12 of these states have this professional working in this specific field.
Subject(s)
Expert Testimony , Forensic Dentistry , LegislationABSTRACT
A Odontologia Legal é, muitas vezes, considerada um componente curricular teórico, cabendo ao docente encontrar recursos para transformá-lo em uma atividade prática, facilitando o aprendizado dos estudantes. O objetivo deste artigo foi apresentar algumas das atividades práticas no campo da Odontologia Legal realizados na Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FORP-USP), bem como discutir seus respaldos didáticos no processo de ensino/aprendizagem, enfatizando a relevância das atividades práticas e em grupo no ambiente acadêmico. As atividades práticas apresentadas neste artigo contemplam: (a) arqueologia forense; (b) identificação odontolegal; (c) traumatologia forense; (d) local de crime e estações didáticas. Conclui-se que a realização de atividades práticas na área de Odontologia Legal é viável e aplicável, permitindo aos alunos vivenciar o contexto forense (AU).
Forensic Odontology in dental graduation courses is usually seen as a theoretical issue, and it is up to the professor to find resources to transform it into a more practical class, facilitating student learning. The objective of this article was to present some of the practical activities carried out in the Forensic Odontology classes at School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo (FORP-USP), as well as to discuss its role in the processes of teaching and learning, emphasizing the relevance of practical and group activities in the academic environment. Practical activities presented include: (a) Forensic Archaeology; (b) Dental Identification; (c) Forensic Traumatology; and (d) Crime Scene Investigation and teaching stations. It is concluded that the accomplishment of practical activities in Forensic Odontology is feasible and applicable, bringing a forensic experience to the students (AU).
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Problem-Based Learning/methods , Education, Dental/ethics , Forensic Dentistry/ethics , Students, Dental , Faculty, DentalABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to investigate the association between chronic apical periodontitis (CAP) and low-birth-weight preterm births (LBWPB). METHODS: Sixty-three women in postpartum period were included in this case-control study. The case group consisted of mothers of LBWPB infants (n = 33), and the control group was represented by mothers of newborns at term (n = 30). The CAP diagnosis was performed by using periapical radiographs through the periapical index in postpartum period. The χ(2) test, Fisher exact test, and linear and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: It was observed that CAP was present in 54.5% of mothers in the case group and 20.0% in the control group (P = .004); postpartum women with CAP had about 3.5 times greater odds of LBWPB newborns than women without CAP (adjusted odds ratio, 3.52; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-12.32). Postpartum women who reported 6 or more prenatal consultations reduced odds of LBWPB newborns in 80% (adjusted odds ratio, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.06-0.69). It can be estimated that the increase of 1 unit of periapical index had a significant association with the reduction of 1½ gestational weeks in the crude analysis (ß = -1.5, P = .010) and the reduction of 211 g in birth weight after the adjusted analysis (ß = -211, P = .058). CONCLUSIONS: Prematurity and low birth weight were associated with radiographically detected CAP. Women with CAP in postpartum period had greater odds of LBWPB.
