Malaria in a vulnerable population living in quilombo remnant communities in the Brazilian Amazon: a cross-sectional study from 2005-2020.

Quilombo remnant communities are areas officially recognized by the Brazilian government as historical communities founded by formerly enslaved individuals. These communities are mostly located in the endemic areas of malaria in the Brazilian Amazon. We retrospectively described the prevalence of malaria among individuals living in 32 recognized quilombo remnant communities in the Baiao and Oriximina municipalities located in the Para State. The number of malaria cases and the Annual Parasitic Incidence (API) recorded by the Brazilian malaria surveillance system (SIVEP-Malaria) from January 2005 to December 2020 were analyzed. We found that all communities registered at least one case over the 16-year period, the most frequent parasitic species being Plasmodium vivax (76.1%). During this period, 0.44% (4,470/1,008,714) of the malaria cases registered in Para State were reported in these quilombo remnant communities, with frequencies of 10.9% (856/7,859) in Baiao municipality and 39.1% (3,614/9,238) in Oriximina municipality, showing that individuals living in these rural communities are exposed to malaria. These data indicate that effective surveillance requires improved measures to identify malaria transmission among vulnerable populations living in quilombo remnant communities in the Brazilian Amazon.

Impact of animal origin of milk, processing technology, type of product, and price on the Boursin cheese choice process: Insights of a discrete choice experiment and eye tracking.

Boursin is a versatile semisoft cheese that can be made with different types of milk. While widely distributed in the European and North American markets, Boursin is produced to a limited extent in Brazil despite its commercial potential. This scenario encourages consumer-oriented product development studies by facilitating data collection with less bias and fewer product preconceptions, thus favoring the investigation of technological aspects of commercial interest. This study evaluates Brazilians' perceptions regarding different versions of Boursin cheese, with the aim of gaining a better understanding of the factors related to choosing cheese. Four attributes related to cheese production were evaluated at three different levels using two discrete choice experiments: one with eye tracking (n = 20) and another without (n = 312). These attributes included "type of processing" (evaluating pasteurization, ohmic heating, and preparation with raw milk), "animal origin of milk" (cow, goat, or buffalo milk), "type of product" (traditional, light, and lactose-free versions), and "price" (10.99, 13.99, and 16.99 BRL). Information regarding processing with ohmic heating did not affect the probability of Boursin being chosen, suggesting that consumers are open to using this emerging technology in Boursin cheese. However, information on being made with goat, buffalo, and raw milk negatively impacted the probability of choice, along with the price of 16.99 BRL. The frequency of cheese consumption and the level of health concerns also affected the probability of choosing the product. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Identifying the relationship between extrinsic attributes presented on the Boursin cheese label and the consumer's choice process can aid the communication process with the target audience and reveal how some technological issues of interest to manufacturers are perceived. This study indicates how information regarding the animal origin of the milk (cow, goat, and buffalo), the type of processing (pasteurization, ohmic heating, and raw milk), the version of the product (traditional, light, and lactose-free), and the price affect the consumer choice process. The results provide insights that can be applied to product processing and designing labels.

Cone-beam computed tomography study of mandibular morphology and tooth compensation in asymmetrical patients.

INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated mandibular morphology and transverse dental compensation between symmetrical and asymmetrical subjects, allocated according to sagittal skeletal patterns. In addition, the hypothesis that mandibular morphology and dental compensations differed between symmetrical/asymmetrical groups and also among the different types of sagittal skeletal patterns was tested. METHODS: Cone-beam computed tomography images of 96 patients were included in this study and were divided into 2 groups according to the degree of menton deviation: a symmetrical group with deviation up to 2.0 mm (n = 48; mean age, 15 ± 6 years), and an asymmetrical group with deviation from 3.5 mm (n = 48; mean age, 16 ± 8 years). The 2 groups were divided in accordance with the ANB angle: Class I, II, and III. Skeletal and dental measurements were performed. Intergroup and intragroup analyses were carried out, using a 2-way analysis of variance to assess the interaction of factors: symmetry and sagittal skeletal pattern; and the Student t test for differences between deviated (Dv) and nondeviated (NDv) sides. RESULTS: Symmetrical/asymmetrical groups and Class I, II, and III groups were similar in relation to demographic aspects (P = 0.412 and P = 0.357 for sex and age, respectively). Asymmetrical patients had higher values for body length and mandibular ramus and condyle height on the NDv side (P = 0.011, P = 0.024, and P = 0.001, respectively). When comparing the different skeletal patterns, patients with a Class III relationship demonstrated higher values for mandibular ramus height. Intergroup analysis showed no differences in dental parameters. In the comparison between the sides, the asymmetrical group showed a significant difference in canine inclination (P = 0.008), mandibular ramus height (P = 0.004), condyle height (P = 0.010) and gonion to midsagittal plane distance (P = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS: Asymmetrical subjects showed higher values for canine inclination and mandibular body, ramus and condylar height on the NDv side. The hypothesis was partially confirmed that mandibular morphology and dental compensations are different between symmetrical/asymmetrical groups and among different sagittal skeletal patterns.

Child health promotion from the perspective of family health strategy nurses.

OBJECTIVE: To apprehend nurses' conceptions and experiences about actions of child health promotion in family health units. METHODS: Exploratory study, with thematic content analysis of statements, obtained through semi-structured interviews with 11 nurses from a municipality in São Paulo. RESULTS: Three thematic categories emerged on child health promotion actions: they must be contextualized, provide for comprehensive care, and aim at self-care; they are carried out through health guidelines shared by professionals with children and their families, inside and outside the health units; present challenges to be overcome by health services, such as lack of involvement and appreciation of the family regarding child follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The concepts apprehended approached the premises of official documents on health promotion; however, practical experiences included difficulties related to the life contexts of children, their families and health services, compromising the achievement of comprehensive care.

Diagnósticos de Enfermagem Pediátrica na Atenção Primária à Saúde: Revisão Integrativa da Literatura / Diagnósticos de Enfermería Pediátrica de Atención Primaria de Salud: Revisión Integrativa de la Literatura / Pediatric Nursing Diagnoses in Primary Health Care: Integrative Literature Review

Objetivo: identificar os Sistemas de Classificação de Diagnósticos de Enfermagem na Prática Clínica de Enfermagem Pediátrica, na Atenção Primária em Saúde. Método: revisão integrativa de literatura de artigos publicados entre 2007 a 2016, nas bases de dados Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature, Medline e Lilacs, pelos descritores: diagnóstico de enfermagem, criança e atenção primária em saúde. Resultados: dos 12 artigos incluídos, NANDA foi o mais abordado 58%, CIPE® 25% considerado marco unificador da prática clínica de enfermagem no SUS, contribuíram nas intervenções das necessidades básicas da criança e família, ressignificando o papel do enfermeiro junto à equipe de saúde e dos seus usuários. Conclusão: a adoção destes sistemas no âmbito do SUS colabora com a sistematização da prática clínica da profissão junto às crianças e suas famílias, ao mesmo tempo em que fortalece a importância do profissional enfermeiro na atenção à saúde integral infantil.(AU)

Objective: identify Nursing Diagnosis Classification Systems in the Pediatrical Nursing Clinical Practice , in Primary Health Care. Method: integrative literature review of articles published from 2007 to 2016, on data bases Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature, Medline and Lilacs, by descriptors: nursing diagnosis, child and primary health care. Results: out of the 12 included articles, NANDA was the most approched one 58%, CIPE ® 25% considered a unifying framework of nursing clinical practice at SUS, they contributed to interventions in the basic needs of children and family, reframing the nurse's role alongside the health team and their users. Conclusion: the adoption of these systems within SUS collaborates in clinical practice profession systematization alongside children and their families, while strengthening the importance of the professional nurse in the integral child health care(AU)

Objetivo: identificar los sistemas de clasificación de diagnósticos de enfermería en la práctica clinica de enfermería pediátrica, en la Atención Primaria de Salud. Método: revisión integrativa de literatura de artículos publicados entre 2007 y 2016, en las bases de datos Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature, Medline y Lilac, por los descriptores: diagnóstico de enfermería, niño y atención primaria en salud. Resultados: de los 12 artículos incluidos, NANDA fue el más abordado 58%, CIPE ® 25% considerado marco unificador de la práctica clínica de enfermería en SUS, contribuyeron en las intervenciones de las necesidades basicas del niño y familia, resignificando el papel del enfermero junto al equipo de salud y sus usuarios. Conclusión: la adopción de estos sistemas en el ámbito del SUS colabora con la sistematización de la práctica clínica de la profesión junto a los niños y sus familias, al mismo tiempo en que fortalece la importancia del profesional enfermero en la atención a la salud integral del niño(AU)

Child health promotion from the perspective of family health strategy nurses / Promoción de la salud infantil en la perspectiva de enfermeros de la estrategia de salud familiar / Promoção da saúde infantil na perspectiva de enfermeiros da estratégia saúde da família

ABSTRACT Objective To apprehend nurses' conceptions and experiences about actions of child health promotion in family health units. Methods Exploratory study, with thematic content analysis of statements, obtained through semi-structured interviews with 11 nurses from a municipality in São Paulo. Results Three thematic categories emerged on child health promotion actions: they must be contextualized, provide for comprehensive care, and aim at self-care; they are carried out through health guidelines shared by professionals with children and their families, inside and outside the health units; present challenges to be overcome by health services, such as lack of involvement and appreciation of the family regarding child follow-up. Conclusions The concepts apprehended approached the premises of official documents on health promotion; however, practical experiences included difficulties related to the life contexts of children, their families and health services, compromising the achievement of comprehensive care.

RESUMEN Objetivo Aprehender las concepciones y experiencias de enfermeros sobre las acciones de promoción de la salud del niño en las unidades de salud de la familia. Métodos Estudio exploratorio, con análisis de contenido temático de testimonios, obtenidos a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas con 11 enfermeros de un municipio de São Paulo. Resultados Emergieron tres categorías temáticas sobre las acciones de promoción de la salud del niño: deben ser contextualizadas, brindar atención integral y apuntar al autocuidado; se realizan a través de pautas de salud compartidas por los profesionales con los niños y sus familias, dentro y fuera de las unidades de salud; presentan desafíos a ser superados por los servicios de salud, como la falta de involucramiento y valorización de la familia en el cuidado del niño. Conclusiones Los conceptos aprehendidos se acercaron a las premisas de los documentos oficiales sobre promoción de la salud, sin embargo, las experiencias prácticas incluyeron dificultades relacionadas con los contextos de vida de los niños, sus familias y los servicios de salud, comprometiendo la consecución de una atención integral.

RESUMO Objetivo Apreender concepções e experiências de enfermeiros sobre ações de promoção da saúde infantil em unidades de saúde da família. Métodos Estudo exploratório, com análise de conteúdo temática de depoimentos, obtidos por entrevistas semiestruturadas com 11 enfermeiros de município paulista. Resultados Emergiram três categorias temáticas sobre ações de promoção da saúde infantil: devem ser contextualizadas, prever a integralidade do cuidado e visar o autocuidado; realizam-se por meio de orientações sobre saúde compartilhadas pelos profissionais com crianças e suas famílias, dentro e fora das unidades de saúde; apresentam desafios a serem superados pelos serviços da saúde, como falta de envolvimento e valorização da família quanto ao acompanhamento infantil. Conclusões As concepções apreendidas se aproximaram das premissas dos documentos oficiais sobre promoção da saúde, contudo, as experiências práticas incluíram dificuldades relativas aos contextos de vida das crianças, suas famílias e serviços de saúde, comprometendo a consecução da integralidade do cuidado.

Traumatismo dentário de incisivos superiores em pacientes da Clínica de Ortodontia da UFRJ: prevalência e fatores predisponentes dentofaciais / Dental traumatism of upper incisors in patients of UFRJ Orthodontic Clinic: prevalence and dentofacial predisposing factors

Resumo Objetivos: Avaliar a prevalência de traumatismo dentário em incisivos superiores de pacientes submetidos a tratamento na Clínica de Ortodontia da UFRJ (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro) e correlacionar oito fatores predisponentes dentofaciais desses indivíduos ao tipo de trauma sofrido. Materiais e Métodos: 765 prontuários de pacientes da Clínica de Ortodontia da UFRJ foram analisados em busca de trauma nos incisivos superiores. 40 prontuários de pacientes traumatizados e com documentação inicial completa foram selecionados. Radiografias cefalométricas laterais foram extraídas dos exames volumétricos, modelos, fotografias e prontuários foram analisados. Resultados: A incompetência labial, o acentuado grau de overjet e a acentuada protrusão e projeção dos incisivos superiores, presentes nos pacientes Classe II esqueléticos, atuam como principais fatores predisponentes para a ocorrência de traumatismo dentário. Conclusões: O tratamento ortodôntico em duas fases, deve ser foco de futuros estudos visando avaliar sua atuação como uma medida preventiva na redução dos índices de trauma dental nesses pacientes.(AU)

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of dental trauma in upper incisors of patients submitted to treatment in the orthodontic clinic of UFRJ (Federal University of Rio de Janeiro) and to correlate eight predisposing dentofacial factors of these individuals with the type of trauma suffered. Materials and Methods: 765 medical records of patients of UFRJ Orthodontics Clinic were analyzed for upper incisor trauma. 40 medical records of trauma patients with complete initial documentation were selected. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were extracted from the volumetric exams, models, photographs, and medical records were analyzed. Results: Labial incompetence, marked degree of overjet and protrusion and projection of the upper incisors, present in Class II skeletal patients, act as the main predisposing factors for the occurrence of dental traumatism. Conclusions: two-phase orthodontic treatment should be the focus of future studies aiming to evaluate its performance as a preventive measure in reducing dental trauma rates in these patients.(AU)

Condições envolvidas na realização de traqueostomia em pacientes internados em unidade de terapia intensiva / Conditions involved in the performance of tracheostomy in intensive care unit patients / Condiciones que intervienen en la realización de la traqueotomía en pacientes ingresados en una unidad de cuidados intensivos

Objetivo: analisar as condições envolvidas na realização de traqueostomia em pacientes em ventilação mecânica, internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) de hospital privado. Método: estudo analítico, transversal e retrospectivo, realizado no ano de 2017. Foram analisadas variáveis idade, sexo, principal ocupação, estado civil, classificação por sistema ou órgão acometido, dia da traqueostomização e desfecho (alta da UTI ou óbito). Os dados foram analisados no programa R versão 3.6, gerando estatísticas descritivas como: média, desvio padrão, mínimos e máximos para as variáveis quantitativas e proporções para as variáveis qualitativas. Resultados: a maioria foi constituída por pessoas do sexo masculino, casadas, procedentes da capital e com atividade laboral. Os sistemas mais acometidos foram respiratório, neurológico e gastrointestinal. Da casuística, 60% tiveram alta da UTI e 40% foram a óbito. A idade média foi de 70 anos e a mediana de 68. Os pacientes foram traqueostomizados, em média no 11,18o dia pós intubação orotraqueal. Cruzando-se variáveis, obteve-se associação somente entre desfecho (alta ou óbito) e sistema acometido. Conclusão: sugere-se a realização de novos estudos focados nos cuidados de enfermagem com pessoas traqueostomizadas. A traqueostomização constitui uma prática invasiva, que demanda cuidados e atenção especial. (AU)

Objective: To analyze the conditions involved in performing tracheostomy in patients on mechanical ventilation, admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a private hospital. Methods: Analytical, cross-sectional, and retrospective study, carried out in 2017. Age, sex, main occupation, marital status, classification by affected system or organ, day of tracheostomization, and outcome (discharge from the ICU or death) were analyzed. Data were analyzed using the R version 3.6 program, generating descriptive statistics such as: mean, standard deviation, minimums, and maximums for quantitative variables and proportions for qualitative variables. Results: Most were male, married, from the capital, and working. The most affected systems were respiratory, neurological, and gastrointestinal. Of the sample, 60% were discharged from the ICU, and 40% died. The mean age was 70 years, and the median was 68. Patients were tracheostomized, on average on the 11th day after orotracheal intubation. Crossing variables, there was an association only between outcome (discharge or death) and affected system. Conclusion: It is suggested to carry out further studies focused on nursing care with tracheostomized people. Tracheostomization is an invasive practice that requires special care and attention. (AU)

Objetivo: Analizar las condiciones involucradas en la realización de traqueotomía en pacientes con ventilación mecánica, admitidos en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) de un hospital privado. Métodos: Estudio analítico, transversal y retrospectivo, realizado en 2017. Se analizaron: la edad, el sexo, la ocupación principal, el estado civil, la clasificación por sistema u órgano afectado, el día de la traqueostomización y el resultado (alta de la UCI o muerte). Los datos fueron analizados utilizando el programa R versión 3.6, generando resultados estadísticos descriptivas tales como: media, desviación estándar, mínimos y máximos para las variables cuantitativas y proporciones para variables cualitativas. Resultados: La mayoría eran hombres, casados, de la capital y trabajadores. Los sistemas más afectados fueron o respiratorio, o neurológico y el gastrointestinal. De la muestra, el 60% fueron dados de alta de la UCI y el 40% fallecieron. La edad media fue de 70 años y la mediana fue de 68. Los pacientes fueron traqueostomizados, en promedio de 11 al día pos intubación orotraqueal. Al cruzar las variables, solo hubo una asociación entre el resultado (alta o muerte) y el sistema afectado. Conclusion: Se sugiere realizar más estudios centrados en el cuidado de enfermería con personas traqueostomizadas. La traqueostomización es una práctica invasiva que requiere cuidados y atención especiales. (AU)

Spatial analysis of congenital syphilis in a federative unit in northeastern Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Congenital syphilis is an infectious disease that affects 1 million children a year worldwide. METHODS: The objective of this study was to describe a spatial analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of congenital syphilis in the state of Maranhão, Brazil from 2007 to 2018. This was an ecological study using data obtained in May 2020 from three Brazilian information systems. The spatial correlation was analyzed according to local and global Moran indexes. RESULTS: During the 12-y period, 1 426 177 children were born. Of these children, 3684 acquired congenital syphilis (0.26%; mean annual rate of 2.62/1000 live births) and 70 died (1.90%; mean annual rate 0.05). The clusters were statistically significant according to the global Moran index of 0.40 (p=0.01). Spearman's correlation coefficient between the rate of detection of syphilis in pregnant women and family health strategy teams was strong, positive and significant (ρ=0.73; p<0.00). Most of the variables studied showed a trend of annual increase (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The use of spatial analysis tools have made it possible to detect areas with both a greater and a lesser need for intervention, and to more effectively improve and monitor those areas to change the epidemiological profile of the disease.

Indirect orthodontic bonding with drop-shaped hot glue tray: a simple and cost-effective technique

Despite being associated with more accuracy, the indirect bonding procedure is not yet the gold standard, probably because of sensitivity of the numerous variables that must be controlled. The aim of this article was to present a modified, standardized, and low-cost indirect bonding technique that allows this procedure to be performed successfully. The technique covers an initial clinical stage, to obtain the models; a laboratory stage, which involves placement of brackets on the models following the facial axis of the clinical crown and the labial projection of the marginal ridges of the posterior teeth and construction of transfer tray using hot glue; and a second clinical stage, to properly transfer the brackets to patient's teeth. Hot glue used to build the tray molds the teeth and perfectly adapts to the teeth, having enough stiffness to maintain their anatomy and the position of the brackets, but also presenting adequate flexibility to allow removal of the tray avoiding excessive stress over the brackets. In conclusion, the new simplified indirect bonding technique presented here provides a precise placement of brackets on the models, a cheaper way to transfer them to patient, and an easy removal of transfer tray, being a very simple and cost-effective method.

Are temporomandibular disorders associated with facial asymmetry? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To assess scientific evidence of the association between temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders and facial asymmetry (FA). METHODS: A systematic review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA checklist. A search strategy was developed in electronic databases including MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Virtual Health Library and Cochrane Library until January 2020. Eligibility criteria included observational studies that investigated the occurrence of FA among patients with and without signs and symptoms of TMJ disorders. Risk of bias of individual studies was analysed after study selection and data collection processes according to Fowkes and Fulton guidelines. Four meta-analyses (MA) were performed to evaluate the association between TMJ disorders and linear/angular menton deviation, subgrouping the studies into unilateral and bilateral cases. The evidence was certainty-tested using the GRADE approach. RESULTS: The search retrieved 2371 studies, 31 of which were eligible for full-text reading. Seven cross-sectional clinical studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis, comprising a total of 621 subjects (345 with TMJ disease and 276 in control group), four of which were classified as being methodologically sound. Five studies were eligible for quantitative synthesis. Linear and angular menton deviation was greater in individuals with unilateral TMJ disorders than controls (MD = 2.41 [0.33, 4.50] P = .02; I2  = 86% and MD = 2.68 [0.99, 4.38] P = .002; I2  = 0%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Despite the low certainty in evidence, the present study indicated that unilateral TMJ disorders are associated with FA. However, longitudinal studies with greater certainty of evidence should be conducted to achieve a stronger estimate of this association.

Caracterização de pessoas com estomas intestinais internadas em hospital privado / Characterization of people with intestinal stomas hospitalized in private hospital

Objetivo: caracterizar a clientela com estomas intestinais de eliminação em hospital privado de capital brasileira. Metodologia: estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, transversal e analítico. Os dados foram coletados em prontuários eletrônicos. Trinta pessoas compuseram a amostra. As variáveis contínuas foram analisadas na forma descritiva. As variáveis categóricas foram apresentadas como frequências absolutas e relativas. Para as variáveis "idade" e "dias de internação" foi calculada a correlação de Pearson. Resultados: a maioria das pessoas com estomas intestinais internadas era do sexo masculino (53,0%), média de idade de 59 anos, casada (63,0%), ativa no mercado de trabalho (86,0%), procedente de cidades do interior do estado, tendo o câncer colorretal como doença de base (88,0%), metade portadora de ileostomia e a outra metade de colostomia. Conclusão: o estudo possibilitou caracterizar a clientela em questão. Contribuiu com dados que favoreçam a sistematização da assistência de enfermagem. Houve como limitante a falta de registro da escolaridade de vários pacientes.

Objective: to characterize the clients with intestinal elimination stomas in a private hospital of Brazilian capital. Methodology: it is a descriptive, retrospective, transversal and analytical study. The data were collected in electronic medical records, with 30 people composing the sample. Continuous variables were analyzed descriptively. Categorical variables are presented as absolute and relative frequencies. For the variables "age" and "days of hospitalization" Pearson's correlation was calculated. Results: the majority of people hospitalized with intestinal stomas were male (53.0%), mean age 59 years, married (63.0%), active in the labor market (86.0%), colorectal cancer as baseline disease (88.0%), with half being ileostomy and the other half colostomy. Conclusion: the study made it possible to characterize the clientele in question and will contribute with data that favor the systematization of nursing care. There was a limitation of the lack of registration of the education of several patients.

A Threshold-Based Decision-Support System for Fungicide Applications Provides Cost-Effective Control of Citrus Postbloom Fruit Drop.

Postbloom fruit drop (PFD) of citrus, caused by Colletotrichum acutatum sensu lato and C. gloeosporioides sensu lato, is an important disease in the humid tropics of the American continent. PFD mainly affects flowers, on which typical symptoms are characterized by orange-brown lesions with presence of acervuli. The disease has a sporadic occurrence, but preventative fungicide sprays are applied every season. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a fungicide spray strategy for PFD based on a predictive model of C. acutatum conidium germination linked to weather conditions. Fungicide sprays were performed when the model predicted pre-established thresholds of 10, 15, 20, and 25% of germinated spores (T10, T15, T20, and T25, respectively). Five experiments were conducted in two different seasons in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. PFD control efficacy of the threshold-based treatments was compared with a nontreated control and to a calendar-based spray system. Additionally, an economic analysis was performed to assess the gross income revenues of the fungicide spraying strategies. Disease control in plots treated at T10, T15, and T20 was as effective as the calendar-based strategy. The number of fungicide applications was reduced by 33 to 71% when sprays were applied at T15 and T20, and gross income increased or was comparable to that of the other treatments. Therefore, using a conidium germination model with a threshold of 15 or 20% is recommended as a spraying strategy for PFD management in Brazil.

Evaluation of facial soft tissue thickness in symmetric and asymmetric subjects with the use of cone-beam computed tomography.

INTRODUCTION: The aims of this study were to evaluate facial bilateral soft tissue thickness in symmetric and asymmetric subjects and to investigate whether soft tissue compensates for skeletal asymmetry. METHODS: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of 97 subjects were divided into a symmetry group (GSm) and an asymmetry group (GASm). Seven bilateral points were established. Each point involved 3 variables: hard tissue distance (Hard-D), soft tissue distance (Soft-D), and soft tissue thickness (Soft-Th). Measurements were taken from software-generated multiplanar reconstructions. A paired t test was used to assess intragroup differences and an independent t test for intergroup analysis. Pearson coefficient tested correlations between variables. RESULTS: In GASm, significant differences were found in all Hard-D and Soft-D measurements, with higher values observed on the deviated side (P <0.01). As for Soft-Th evaluation, results of only 1 reference point presented statistical significance. Intergroup comparison detected significant differences in all Hard-D and Soft-D variables (P <0.01), but no significant differences in Soft-Th. CONCLUSIONS: Asymmetric subjects presented differences in hard and soft tissue distances between deviated and nondeviated sides, although without affecting soft tissue thickness. It can be concluded that soft tissue does not compensate or disguise an underlying skeletal asymmetry.

Physical activity level and associated factors: an epidemiological study with elderly / Nível de atividade física e fatores associados: um estudo epidemiológico com idosos / Nivel de actividad física y factores asociados: un estudio epidemiológico con ancianos

Abstract Introduction: This study is relevant insofar since it provides information on the elements that interfere in the level of physical activity of the elderly that attend the Fitness zone. Objective: Identifying the level of physical activity and its associated factors related to the elderly who usually go to third age fitness centers in Maringá/PR. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 970 elderly users of the Fitness zone of the municipality of Maringá, state of Paraná, Brazil. A sociodemographic questionnaire and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used. The data were analyzed by the Pearson's Chi-squared, the Binary Logistic Regression and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test (p < 0,05). Results: The data indicates that being married (p = 0,047) and having completed higher education (p = 0,001) is significantly associated with higher physical activity level. The lower use of medication (p = 0,008), the excellent health perception (p = 0,037), and no history of near-falls (p = 0,038) were associated with the physical activity practice. The subjects who had no history of near-falls in the last six months and who did not have osteoporosis were 1.671 [95% CI = 1.009-2.613] and 1.891 [95% CI = 1.008-2.915] times more likely to be active/very active when compared to the elderly who had near-falls in the last semester and who had osteoporosis. Conclusion: It was concluded that sociodemographic variables and health conditions are associated to the physical activity level in the elderly. Further, elderly who reported the absence of a history of near falls and osteoporosis have more chance to be physically active.

Resumo Introdução: Este estudo é relevante na medida em que fornece informações sobre os elementos que interferem no nível de atividade física dos idosos que frequentam as Academias da terceira idade (ATI). Objetivo: Identificar o nível de atividade física e seus fatores associados relacionados aos idosos frequentadores das ATI em Maringá/PR. Método: Estudo transversal, realizado com 970 idosos usuários das ATI da terceira idade do ATI, do município de Maringá, estado do Paraná, Brasil. Utilizou-se um questionário sociodemográfico e o International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Os dados foram analisados pelo teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson, a Regressão Logística Binária e o teste de Hosmer-Lemeshow (p < 0,05). Resultados: Os dados indicam que ser casado (p = 0,047) e ter ensino superior completo (p = 0,001) está significativamente associado ao maior nível de atividade física. O menor uso de medicamentos (p = 0,008), a excelente percepção de saúde (p = 0,037) e ausência de história de quase quedas (p = 0,038) foram associados à prática de atividade física. Os sujeitos que não tinham história de quase quedas nos últimos seis meses e que não tinham osteoporose tiveram 1,671 [IC95% = 1,009-2,613] e 1.891 [IC 95% = 1,008-2,915] vezes mais probabilidades de ser ativo / muito ativo quando comparado com os idosos que tiveram quase quedas no último semestre e que tiveram osteoporose. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que as variáveis sociodemográficas e as condições de saúde estão associadas ao nível de atividade física do idoso. Além disso, idosos que relataram a ausência de história de quase quedas e osteoporose têm mais chance de serem fisicamente ativos.

Resumen Introducción: Este estudio es relevante pues brinda información sobre la interferencia en el nivel de actividad física de ancianos frecuentadores de gimnasios de tercera edad (GTE) en Maringá (Brasil). Objetivo: Identificar el nivel de actividad física y sus factores asociados de los ancianos que usualmente acuden a GTE en Maringá. Método: Estudio transversal con 970 ancianos de GTE en Centros de Aptitud Tercera Edad de Maringá. Se utilizaron un cuestionario sociodemográfico y el Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física (IPAQ). Los datos se analizaron mediante la Chi-cuadrado de Pearson, la Regresión logística binaria y la prueba de Hosmer-Lemeshow (p < 0,05). Resultados: Los datos estar casado (p = 0,047) y haber completado la educación superior (p = 0,001) indican asociación significativa con el nivel de actividad física más alto. La reducción de medicaciones (p = 0,008), la excelente percepción de salud (p = 0,037) y la ausencia de caídas antecedentes (p = 0,038) se asociaron con la práctica de actividad física. Los sujetos sin antecedentes de casi caídas en los últimos seis meses y sin osteoporosis eran 1.671 [IC 95% = 1.009-2.613] y 1.891 [IC 95% = 1.008-2.915] veces más propensos a ser activos/muy activos cuando se comparan a los que tuvieron casi caídas en el último semestre y con osteoporosis. Conclusión: Se concluyó que las variables sociodemográficas y las condiciones de salud están asociadas al nivel de actividad física del anciano. Además, los que relataron la ausencia de casi caídas y de osteoporosis tuvieron más posibilidades de ser físicamente activos.

Prevalência de lesão por pressão em pacientes internados em hospital privado do estado de Minas Gerais / Prevalence of pressure injury in injured patients in a private hospital of the state of minas gerais

Objetivo: identificar a prevalência de lesão por pressão em uma unidade de internação de hospital privado de Minas Gerais. Metodologia: estudo descritivo, transversal, de prevalência. Foi avaliada uma amostra de 169 pacientes internados no referido hospital. Resultados: da amostra de 169 pacientes, nove desenvolveram lesão por pressão, sendo que um paciente desenvolveu três lesões, totalizando 11 lesões na casuística. A prevalência foi de 5,3%. Três lesões foram classificadas como Estágio 1, sete como Estágio 2 e uma como Estágio 3. Conclusão: a taxa de prevalência observada estava abaixo da taxa dos trabalhos referenciados por este estudo. Esse dado pode estar relacionado a treinamento de manejo e prevenção de lesão por pressão, que foi ministrado aos profissionais de enfermagem do hospital em questão, durante o segundo semestre de 2017. Assim, a educação sobre o tema prevenção de lesão por pressão deve ser estimulada nas unidades de internação. (AU)

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of pressure injury and to identify factors associated with the occurrence of this injury in a private hospital in Minas Gerais. Methodology: descriptive, cross - sectional, prevalence study. A sample of 169 patients hospitalized at the hospital was evaluated. Results: From the 169 sample, nine patients developed pressure lesions, one patient developed three lesions, totaling 11 lesions in the sample. The prevalence was 5.3%. Three lesions were classified as Stage 1, seven as Stage 2 and one as Stage 3. Conclusion: The observed prevalence rate was below the rate of the studies referenced by this study. This data may be related to LPP management and prevention training, which was given to the nursing professionals of the hospital in question during the second half of 2017. Thus, in-service education is relevant for professionals and especially for patients. (AU)

Objetivos: Estimar la prevalencia de lesión por presión e identificar factores asociados a la ocurrencia de este agravio en una unidad de internación de hospital privado de Minas Gerais. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, de prevalencia. Se evaluó una muestra de 169 pacientes internados en el referido hospital. Resultados: De la muestra de 169, nueve pacientes desarrollaron lesión por presión, siendo que un paciente desarrolló tres lesiones, totalizando 11 lesiones en la casuística. La prevalencia fue del 5,3%. Tres lesiones fueron clasificadas como Etapa 1, siete como Etapa 2 y una como Etapa 3. Conclusión: La tasa de prevalencia observada estaba por debajo de la tasa de los trabajos referenciados por este estudio. Este dato puede estar relacionado con entrenamiento de manejo y prevención de LPP, que fue impartido a los profesionales de enfermería del hospital en cuestión, durante el segundo semestre de 2017. Así, la educación en servicio se muestra relevante para los profesionales y principalmente para los profesionales pacientes asistidos. (AU)

Is mouth-breathing related to alterations in facial soft tissues?

Objective: To compare the facial soft tissues of nasal breathers (NB) and mouthbreathers (MB) using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).Methods: This was a comparative study of four angular and eight linearcephalometric variables obtained from the facial soft tissues of 43 young menand women aged between 11 and 24 years. Subjects had tomographic examinationprior to the orthodontic treatment and were previously divided into two groupsby an otolaryngologist according to the respiratory pattern of nasal or mouthbreathing. The selection was made in accordance with the results of: clinicalexamination, rhinoscopy, and nasal endoscopy. The data obtained from thesoftware InVivo Dental 5.3 (Anatomage - San Jose, California) was evaluated bycomparing values measured between MB and NB groups. Results: There weresignificant differences between groups for variables, "nasolabial angle", inclinationof upper central incisor" and "convexity of the facial soft tissues". Conclusion:Adolescent and young adult mouth breathers present an open nasolabial angledue to the retroinclination of their upper incisors. In addition to greater convexityof the facial soft tissues.

Objetivo: Comparar os tecidos moles faciais de respiradores nasais (RN) e bucais(RB), utilizando imagens de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC).Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo comparativo composto por quatro variáveiscefalométricas angulares e oito lineares, obtidas de tecidos moles faciais deindivíduos RN e RB, em uma amostra composta por 43 indivíduos jovens deambos os sexos, com idades entre 11 e 24 anos, submetidos ao exame tomográficoanteriormente ao tratamento ortodôntico. Os indivíduos foram previamentedivididos em dois grupos por um otorrinolaringologista, de acordo com o padrãorespiratório. O diagnóstico da respiração bucal foi feito em conformidade comos resultados de exames específicos: exame clínico, rinoscopia e endoscopia nasal.Os dados obtidos a partir do software InVivo 5.3 Dental (Anatomage - San Jose,Califórnia) foram avaliados através da comparação dos valores das mediçõesdas variáveis dos grupos RN e RB, além da comparação das diferenças entreesses valores. Resultados: Houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas entreos grupos com relação às variáveis, "ângulo nasolabial", "inclinação do incisivocentral superior" e "convexidade dos tegumentos faciais". Conclusão: Osrespiradores bucais adolescentes e adultos jovens apresentam ângulo nasolabialmais aberto, devido à maior inclinação lingual do longo eixo dos incisivossuperiores, além de maior convexidade dos tecidos moles faciais.

Uso de registro eletrônico na detecção da tuberculose: potencialidades e dificuldades na visão dos profissionais / Uso de registro electrónico en la detección de tuberculosis: potencialidades y dificultades en la visión de profesionales / Use of electronic registration in tuberculosis detection: potentials and difficulties according to professionals

Objetivo: identificar as potencialidades e dificuldades do uso de um sistema de registro informatizado para a detecção de casos de tuberculose na atenção primária à saúde. Método: estudo de intervenção nos municípios de Sapucaia e Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, no período de 2013 a 2014, com implantação de sistema de registro informatizado nas unidades de atenção primária à saúde, com posterior entrevista qualitativa. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio da técnica de Análise de Conteúdo Temática de Bardin. Resultados: identificaram-se três categorias de análise: Agilidade no acompanhamento dos sintomáticos respiratórios, Envolvimento e sensibilização dos profissionais e Dificuldades enfrentadas no uso do sistema de informação. Considerações finais: o sistema informatizado permitiu qualificar a agilidade dos registros, a comunicação entre profissionais e serviços de saúde e a reflexão sobre a atenção à tuberculose.As dificuldades estiveram relacionadas àestrutura física e organizacional das unidades de atenção primária.

Objetivo: identificar las potencialidades y dificultades del uso de sistema de registro informatizado para detectar casos de tuberculosis en la atención básica a la salud. Método: estudio de intervención que ocurrió en los municipios de Sapucaia y Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, en el periodo de 2013 a 2014, con implantación de sistema de registro informatizado en las unidades de atención básica a la salud, con posterior entrevista cualitativa. Se realizó el análisis de los datos por medio de la técnica de Análisis de Contenido Temática de Bardin. Resultados: se identificaron tres categorías de análisis: Agilidad en el acompañamiento de los síntomas respiratorios, Participación y sensibilización de los profesionales y Dificultades en el uso del sistema de información. Consideraciones finales: el sistema informatizado posibilitó cualificar la agilidad de los registros, la comunicación entre profesionales y servicios de salud y la reflexión acerca de la atención a la tuberculosis. Las dificultades se asociaron a la estructura física y organizacional de las unidades de atención básica.

Objective: identify the potentials and difficulties in the use of a computerized registration system to detect tuberculosis cases in primary health care. Method: intervention study in the cities of Sapucaia and Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, between 2013 and 2014, involving the implementation of a computerized registration system at the primary health care services, followed by a qualitative interview. For the data analysis, Bardin's Thematic Content Analysis technique was applied. Results: three analysis categories were identified: Agility in the monitoring of respiratory symptomatics, Engagement and sensitization of professional and Difficulties faced in the use of the information system. Final considerations: the computer system enhanced the agility of the registration, the communication between health professional and services and reflections on tuberculosis care. The difficulties were related to the physical and organizational structure of the primary health care services.