ABSTRACT
Metastasis to the oral cavity are rare, representing only 1% of all oral malignancies, and originate from various sites such as the breast, prostate, lung and kidney. Clinically, they can simulate reactive and inflammatory lesions common in the oral cavity, and the clinical and microscopic diagnosis of these metastasis is a challenge. In this article, we report two new cases of esophageal and lung metastasis to oral tissues, highlighting their clinical characteristics and the process of diagnostic elucidation. We emphasize the importance for clinicians to consider the possibility of metastatic lesions in the oral cavity in patients previously diagnosed with malignant lesions in distant tissues and organs. Key words:Diagnosis, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma of lung, oral cavity, metastasis.
ABSTRACT
Objective: The objective of this study was to report the application of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in the treatment of two patients diagnosed with acute cervical radiodermatitis (RD) induced by radiotherapy. Background data: An undesirable effect of radiotherapy, RD often poses a limitation to the continuity of treatment that can negatively affect the control and prognosis of the disease. RD is frequently associated with pain and aesthetic impairment and can significantly influence quality of life. Many agents used to prevent and treat RD do not have sufficient scientific evidence to support its use. Materials and methods: In both clinical cases, the patients presented RD degree 3 and were in drug treatment, with no satisfactory response, and PBMT was started. Two diode lasers were used, with a dose of 35.71 J/cm2, 10 sec/point, 100 mW of power, and a beam area of 0.028 cm2 and dose of 27.77 J/cm2, 25 sec/point, 40 mW, and 0.036 cm2 beam area. Both lasers were applied at the wavelength of red, daily, in contact and perpendicular to the skin, to deliver 1 J/point/1.5 cm, which covered the entire area affected with RD. Results: The PBMT made possible an expressive improvement in the healing process and reduction of painful symptoms associated with RD. Conclusions: Although PBMT facilitated healing and reduced pain experienced with RD, randomized controlled trials are needed to evaluate all of its possible benefits.
Subject(s)
Lasers, Semiconductor/therapeutic use , Low-Level Light Therapy/methods , Neck , Radiodermatitis/radiotherapy , Adult , Aged , Humans , Laryngeal Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Male , Tongue Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Wound Healing/radiation effectsABSTRACT
AIMS: To evaluate the associations of excision repair cross complementing-group 1 (ERCC1) (DNA repair protein) (G19007A) polymorphism, methylation and immunohistochemical expression with epidemiological and clinicopathological factors and with overall survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study group comprised 84 patients with HNSCC who underwent surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy without chemotherapy. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used. The allele A genotype variant was observed in 79.8% of the samples, GG in 20.2%, GA in 28.6% and AA in 51.2%. Individuals aged more than 45 years had a higher prevalence of the allelic A variant and a high (83.3%) immunohistochemical expression of ERCC1 protein [odds ratio (OR) = 4.86, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2-19.7, P = 0.027], which was also high in patients with advanced stage (OR=5.04, 95% CI: 1.07-23.7, P = 0.041). Methylated status was found in 51.2% of the samples, and was higher in patients who did not present distant metastasis (OR = 6.67, 95% CI: 1.40-33.33, P = 0.019) and in patients with advanced stage (OR = 5.04, 95% CI: 1.07-23.7, P = 0.041). At 2 and 5 years, overall survival was 55% and 36%, respectively (median = 30 months). CONCLUSION: Our findings may reflect a high rate of DNA repair due to frequent tissue injury during the lifetime of these individuals, and also more advanced disease presentation in this population with worse prognosis.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics , DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics , Endonucleases/genetics , Head and Neck Neoplasms/genetics , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Brazil/epidemiology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/mortality , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/secondary , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/therapy , Combined Modality Therapy , DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism , Endonucleases/metabolism , Female , Gene Frequency , Gene Silencing , Genotype , Head and Neck Neoplasms/mortality , Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology , Head and Neck Neoplasms/therapy , Humans , Male , Methylation , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Staging , Retrospective Studies , Survival RateABSTRACT
INTRODUÇÃO: O valor prognóstico dos marcadores biológicos tumorais relacionados ao câncer tem sido vastamente pesquisado. O gene de reparo ERCC1 (Excision Repair Cross Complementation Group 1) está envolvido na resistência individual à cisplatina. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar o valor prognóstico do polimorfismo G19007A de ERCC1, da metilação desse gene, e da expressão imunoistoquímica de sua proteína em pacientes portadores de carcinoma espinocelular de cabeça e pescoço (CECP) submetidos à radioterapia. PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo envolvendo a análise de dados de 84 pacientes portadores de CECP, operados e submetidos à radioterapia adjuvante. Foram elegíveis pacientes com tumores de cavidade oral, orofaringe, hipofaringe ou laringe, que não apresentavam metástases à distância ou sinais de recidiva da doença e que não foram submetidos à quimioterapia. O polimorfismo do gene ERCC1 (G19007A) foi avaliado pela técnica de PCR (reação em cadeia da polimerase) a partir do DNA genômico extraído de tecido tumoral desses pacientes. A metilação do gene ERCC1 foi realizada por MSP-PCR (Methylation-specific PCR), com primers específicos para presença ou ausência de metilação do ERCC1. A expressão da proteína ERCC1 foi avaliada por técnica de imunoistoquímica. Foi utilizado um corte de 30% de células marcadas para classificação em baixa e alta expressão. RESULTADOS: 84 pacientes com idade mediana de 60 anos, numa proporção homem/mulher de 5:1 e 75 (89,5%) em estádios III ou IV. O genótipo GG ocorreu em 17 (20,2%) dos pacientes, o genótipo GA foi observado em 24 (28,6%), e o genótipo AA em 43 (51,2%) dos casos. A variante A para o gene ERCC1 foi observada em 79,8% das amostras, 43 (51,2%) pacientes apresentaram status metilado do ERCC1 e 70 (83,3%) pacientes apresentaram alta expressão imunoistoquímica da proteína ERCC1.Observou-se uma tendência de associação...
INTRODUCTION: The prognostic value of tumor biomarkers related to cancer has been extensively studied. The repair gene ERCC1 (Excision Repair Cross Complementation Group 1) is involved in individual resistance to cisplatin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of ERCC1 G19007A polymorphism, methylation, and immunohistochemical expression of its protein in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) submitted to radiotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study involving data analysis of 84 patients with HNSCC, who underwent surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy. Patients with oral cavity, oropharynx, hipopharynx and laryngeal tumors with no distant metastases or signs of disease recurrence and who did not receive chemotherapy were considered eligible for the study. The ERCC1 gene polymorphism (G19007A) was assessed by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) from genomic DNA extracted from the tumor tissue of these patients. Methylation of ERCC1 gene was performed by PCR-MSP (Methylation-specific PCR) using specific primers for the presence or absence of methylation of ERCC1. ERCC1 protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. A cut-off of 30% of stained cells for the classification of low and high protein expression was used. RESULTS: 84 patients with median age of 60 years, a male/female ratio of 5:1 and 75 (89,5%) in stages III or IV. The GG genotype occurred in 17 (20.2%) patients, the GA genotype was observed in 24 (28.6%), and the AA genotype in 43 (51.2%) cases. The A variant of the ERCC1 gene was observed in 79.8% of the samples, methylated status in 43 (51.2%) patients, and 70 (83.3%) showed high immunohistochemical expression of ERCC1 protein. There was a trend for association between polymorphism of ERCC1 and patient age (p = 0.059). The methylated status of the ERCC1 gene was higher in samples of HNSCC patients who did not present distant metastasis...
