ABSTRACT
As proteins isolated from the Rhinella schneideri parotoid gland secretion (RsPP) exhibit anti-inflammatory activity, the goal of this work was to investigate their anti-nociceptive effects using acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin, and hot-plate tests. The intraperitoneal administration of RsPP (2.5 or 5mg/kg) one hour prior to stimuli significantly reduced the abdominal constrictions induced by acetic acid (73.06 and 72.69% inhibition, respectively) and the inflammatory phase of paw licking time induced by formalin (69.3% inhibition, at 2.5mg/kg). However, RsPP (1, 2.5 or 5mg/kg) did not change the latency in response at the hot-plate test. The involvement of inflammatory mediators on the anti-nociceptive effect of RsPP was further demonstrated. RsPP (2.5mg/kg) significantly inhibited the inflammatory peak of paw edema induced by histamine (44.0%), bradykinin (51.3%), or prostaglandin E2 (53.7%). Our data indicate that RsPP may act on the pain process by inhibiting the effect of inflammatory mediators.
Subject(s)
Analgesics/pharmacology , Bufonidae/metabolism , Inflammation/complications , Nociception/drug effects , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Proteins/pharmacology , Acetic Acid/pharmacology , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Disease Models, Animal , Edema/complications , Male , Mice , Pain/drug therapy , Pain Measurement/methodsABSTRACT
Este trabalho descreve ações de promoção da saúde para à prevenção de doenças e agravos na comunidade Manga, estado do Maranhão e Piauí. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva exploratória, por meio da técnica de pesquisa-ação, realizada com 45 moradores, aprovada pelo CEP Nº 0214.0.045.000-11. Realizou-se um diagnóstico situacional em seguida, aplicou-se 04 oficinas sobre: saúde alimentar; Hipertensão arterial; Diabetes mellitus e saúde mamária. As oficinas elevaram o conhecimento da população, possibilitaram a discussão do processo saúde e doença e elucidaram dúvidas da comunidade em relação aos temas trabalhados. Ações de promoção da saúde constituem um forte instrumento para empoderamento educacional do processo saúde e doença.
This paper describes health promotion actions for the prevention of diseases and disorders in Manga community, state of Maranhão and Piauí. This is an exploratory descriptive study by action method performed with 45 residents, approved by the CEP Nº0214.0.045.000-11. It was conducted a situational diagnosis then was applied 04 workshops about: health food; arterial hypertension; Diabetes mellitus and breast health. The workshops raised the population's knowledge, allowed the discussion of health and disease process and elucidated community questions about issues worked. Health promotion activities are a strong tool for educational empowerment of the health and disease process.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Health Education , Nursing , Health Promotion , Food and Nutrition Education , HypertensionABSTRACT
The genus Physalaemus Fitzinger, 1826 is composed by 46 species occurring from north to southern South America, east of the Andes (Frost 2015). Physalaemus albifrons is morphologically differentiated from the other species mainly due to the presence of a second tarsal tubercle located nearly the tibio-tarsal articulation (Bokermann 1966). Physalaemus albifrons occurs in Brazil from north of the State of Maranhão through the states of Piauí, Ceará, Bahia, Paraíba, Pernambuco, and Alagoas, being its more austral occurrence in the State of Minas Gerais (Frost 2015). The advertisement call of P. albifrons was described by Bokermann (1966); however, the description needs improvement by applying new technologies, which we provide herein.
Subject(s)
Anura/growth & development , Anura/physiology , Vocalization, Animal , Animals , Brazil , Female , MaleABSTRACT
The main purpose of this study was to investigate natural infection by Leishmania chagasi in female sand flies in a visceral leishmaniasis (VL) focus on São Luís Island, Maranhão State, Brazil. Molecular analysis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was applied to determine the rate of natural infection of Lutzomyia longipalpis by L. chagasi in areas of old and recent human settlement on São Luís Island. Based on a sample of 800 female specimens captured from March to August 2005, the natural infection rate was 1.25 percent in an area of old settlement and 0.25 percent in two recently settled areas. Infection of L. longipalpis was detected in both areas, regardless of the number of reported human VL cases, indicating that other factors modulating infection in the wild need to be investigated. The results confirm PCR as a specific technique and an important tool for epidemiological surveillance.
O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a infecção natural por Leishmania chagasi em flebotomíneos capturados em focos de leishmanioses visceral (LV) na ilha de São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil. Análise molecular por reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) foi aplicada para determinar a taxa de infecção natural de Lutzomyia longipalpis por L. chagasi em áreas de ocupação humana antiga e recente, na ilha de São Luís. Valendo-se de uma amostra de 800 fêmeas coletadas no período de março a agosto de 2005, foi possível determinar taxas de infecção natural equivalentes a 1,25 por cento em uma localidade de colonização antiga e 0,25 por cento em duas localidades de colonização recente. A infecção foi detectada nas duas localidades independentemente do número de casos humanos de LV notificados, o que demonstra que outros elementos que modulam a infecção no meio natural precisam ser investigados. Os resultados obtidos confirmam a PCR como técnica específica e importante ferramenta para as ações em vigilância epidemiológica.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Insect Vectors , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/transmission , Psychodidae , Brazil , Insect Vectors , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Population Density , Psychodidae , Rural Population , Urban PopulationABSTRACT
The main purpose of this study was to investigate natural infection by Leishmania chagasi in female sand flies in a visceral leishmaniasis (VL) focus on São Luís Island, Maranhão State, Brazil. Molecular analysis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was applied to determine the rate of natural infection of Lutzomyia longipalpis by L. chagasi in areas of old and recent human settlement on São Luís Island. Based on a sample of 800 female specimens captured from March to August 2005, the natural infection rate was 1.25% in an area of old settlement and 0.25% in two recently settled areas. Infection of L. longipalpis was detected in both areas, regardless of the number of reported human VL cases, indicating that other factors modulating infection in the wild need to be investigated. The results confirm PCR as a specific technique and an important tool for epidemiological surveillance.
