TREATMENT OF GIANT JUVENILE FIBROADENOMA: RESULT AFTER MINIMALLY INVASIVE APPROACH WITHOUT RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY / Tratamento do fibroadenoma gigante juvenil: abordagem minimamente invasiva sem cirurgia reconstrutora

Fibroadenomas are common benign tumors of the female breast. Those that present as rapidly growing breast tumors exceeding 5 cm in diameter or 500 g in weight in young female patients are commonly classified as giant juvenile fibroadenomas. These tumors are rare, and due to their excessive growth, they are usually enucleated to clarify a malignant origin, to differentiate from phyllodes tumor and to prevent persisting deformities of the breast. This report details the surgical approach to this clinical problem in a 14-year-old female with functional preservation of the breast and a good esthetic result.

Fibroadenomas são tumores benignos comuns da mama feminina. Aqueles que apresentam rápido crescimento excedendo a 5 centímetros de diâmetro ou que pesam mais que 500 gramas em mulheres jovens são classificados como fibroadenomas gigantes juvenis. Estes tumores são raros e, devido seu excessivo crescimento, são comumente enucleados para descartar uma origem maligna, diferenciar de tumores filóides e para evitar deformidades da mama. Este relato de caso detalha uma abordagem cirúrgica em uma adolescente de 14 anos com preservação da mama e bom resultado estético

Gene expression profile of ABC transporters and cytotoxic effect of ibuprofen and acetaminophen in an epithelial ovarian cancer cell line in vitro.

PURPOSES: To determine the basic expression of ABC transporters in an epithelial ovarian cancer cell line, and to investigate whether low concentrations of acetaminophen and ibuprofen inhibited the growth of this cell line in vitro. METHODS: TOV-21 G cells were exposed to different concentrations of acetaminophen (1.5 to 15 µg/mL) and ibuprofen (2.0 to 20 µg/mL) for 24 to 48 hours. The cellular growth was assessed using a cell viability assay. Cellular morphology was determined by fluorescence microscopy. The gene expression profile of ABC transporters was determined by assessing a panel including 42 genes of the ABC transporter superfamily. RESULTS: We observed a significant decrease in TOV-21 G cell growth after exposure to 15 µg/mL of acetaminophen for 24 (p=0.02) and 48 hours (p=0.01), or to 20 µg/mL of ibuprofen for 48 hours (p=0.04). Assessing the morphology of TOV-21 G cells did not reveal evidence of extensive apoptosis. TOV-21 G cells had a reduced expression of the genes ABCA1, ABCC3, ABCC4, ABCD3, ABCD4 and ABCE1 within the ABC transporter superfamily. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides in vitro evidence of inhibitory effects of growth in therapeutic concentrations of acetaminophen and ibuprofen on TOV-21 G cells. Additionally, TOV-21 G cells presented a reduced expression of the ABCA1, ABCC3, ABCC4, ABCD3, ABCD4 and ABCE1 transporters.

Gene expression profile of ABC transporters and cytotoxic effect of ibuprofen and acetaminophen in an epithelial ovarian cancer cell line in vitro / Perfil da expressão gênica dos transportadores ABC e efeito citotóxico do ibuprofeno e acetaminofen em uma linhagem celular de câncer epitelial de ovário in vitro

PURPOSES: To determine the basic expression of ABC transporters in an epithelial ovarian cancer cell line, and to investigate whether low concentrations of acetaminophen and ibuprofen inhibited the growth of this cell line in vitro. METHODS: TOV-21 G cells were exposed to different concentrations of acetaminophen (1.5 to 15 μg/mL) and ibuprofen (2.0 to 20 μg/mL) for 24 to 48 hours. The cellular growth was assessed using a cell viability assay. Cellular morphology was determined by fluorescence microscopy. The gene expression profile of ABC transporters was determined by assessing a panel including 42 genes of the ABC transporter superfamily. RESULTS: We observed a significant decrease in TOV-21 G cell growth after exposure to 15 μg/mL of acetaminophen for 24 (p=0.02) and 48 hours (p=0.01), or to 20 μg/mL of ibuprofen for 48 hours (p=0.04). Assessing the morphology of TOV-21 G cells did not reveal evidence of extensive apoptosis. TOV-21 G cells had a reduced expression of the genes ABCA1, ABCC3, ABCC4, ABCD3, ABCD4 and ABCE1 within the ABC transporter superfamily. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides in vitro evidence of inhibitory effects of growth in therapeutic concentrations of acetaminophen and ibuprofen on TOV-21 G cells. Additionally, TOV-21 G cells presented a reduced expression of the ABCA1, ABCC3, ABCC4, ABCD3, ABCD4 and ABCE1 transporters. .

OBJETIVOS: Determinar a expressão básica dos transportadores ABC em uma linhagem celular do câncer epitelial de ovário, e investigar se o acetaminofen e o ibuprofeno em baixas concentrações são capazes de inibir o crescimento desta linhagem celular in vitro. MÉTODOS: A linhagem celular TOV-21 G foi exposta a diferentes concentrações de acetaminofen (1,5 a 15 µg/mL) e ibuprofeno (2,0 a 20 µg/mL), de 24 a 48 horas. O crescimento celular foi avaliado utilizando-se um ensaio de viabilidade celular. A morfologia celular foi determinada por meio da microscopia de fluorescência. O perfil de expressão gênica foi estabelecido por um painel de 42 genes da superfamília de transportadores ABC. RESULTADOS: Observou-se um decréscimo significativo no crescimento das células TOV-21 G expostas a 15 µg/mL de acetaminofen durante 24 (p=0,02) e 48 horas (p=0,01), ou a 20 µg/mL de ibuprofeno por 48 horas (p=0,04). Ao avaliar a morfologia das células cultivadas, não foi observada evidência de apoptose extensiva. A linhagem de células estudada subexpressa os genes de ABCA1, ABCC3, ABCC4, ABCD3, ABCD4 e ABCE1 na superfamília de transportadores ABC. CONCLUSÕES: Este estudo fornece evidências in vitro referentes aos efeitos inibidores do crescimento de concentrações terapêuticas do acetaminofen e ibuprofeno na linhagem celular testada. Além disso, as células TOV-21 G apresentaram uma expressão reduzida de genes dos transportadores ABCA1, ABCC3, ABCC4, ABCD3, ABCD4 e ABCE1. .

Quality of life in women with vulvar cancer submitted to surgical treatment: a comparative study.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the occurrence and severity of lymphoedema of the lower extremities (LLE), quality of life (QoL), and urinary and sexual dysfunction in women with vulvar cancer submitted to surgical treatment. STUDY DESIGN: Twenty-eight patients with vulvar cancer submitted to vulvectomy and inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy and 28 healthy, age-matched women (control group) were evaluated. The occurrence and severity of LLE were determined by Miller's Clinical Evaluation. QoL, urinary function and sexual function were assessed by the EORTC QLQ-C30, SF-ICIQ and FSFI questionnaires, respectively. The differences between groups and correlations were assessed using Student's t-test, Chi-squared test, Mann-Whitney U-test and Spearman's rho test. RESULTS: The groups were similar in terms of marital status, educational status, menopausal status, hormone therapy and height. The occurrence and severity of LLE were higher in women with vulvar cancer compared with the control group (p<0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively). A significant association was found between the severity of LLE and advanced age (p = 0.04), and the severity of LLE and higher body mass index (BMI; p = 0.04) in patients with vulvar cancer. In the patients with vulvar cancer, there was a significant correlation between the severity of LLE and worse QoL in the following domains: physical, cognitive, emotional, social, fatigue, pain, sleep and financial questions (p < 0.05). There was no difference in urinary function between the two groups (p = 0.113). Age and number of deliveries were the only variables associated with the occurrence of urinary incontinence (p = 0.01). Urinary incontinence was present in women with a mean age of 74.9 ± 4.6 years and a mean of 7.3 ± 1.3 normal deliveries. There was no difference between the groups in terms of the sexual function. Multivariate analysis showed an association between sexual function and age (p = 0.01), and sexual function and being in a stable relationship (p=0.02). CONCLUSION: Patients submitted to vulvectomy or inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy for vulvar cancer are at higher risk of developing LLE compared with healthy, age-matched women. This has a negative effect on QoL, but does not interfere with urinary or sexual function.

Importância da infecção anal pelo HPV em mulheres / Importance of Anal HPV Infection in women

O presente estudo visa realizar uma revisão da literatura em relação ao diagnóstico e tratamento das mulheres com infecção anal pelo HPV. A frequência do câncer anal, antes considerada baixa, tem apresentado elevação considerável nos últimos 30 anos, com aumento de 40% de incidência entre as mulheres. Já é conhecido que a infecção anal por subtipos específicos do HPV predispõe o indivíduo à neoplasia intraepitelial anal, que pode evoluir para o câncer anal, estabelecendo a relação causal entre o vírus e essa neoplasia, com patogenia de transformação maligna similar ao câncer do colo uterino. Nenhuma normatização em relação ao rastreamento das mesmas foi proposta até o momento, mas é estabelecido que, por se tratar de infecções geralmente assintomáticas, seriam necessários exames específicos para seu diagnóstico, como citologia oncótica, anuscopia e técnicas moleculares para a detecção de DNA. Atualmente, há procedimentos tópicos e invasivos ou ablativos para o tratamento dessas lesões. Diante da alta prevalência da infecção anal pelo HPV e do novo conceito de doença sexualmente transmissível para o câncer anal, torna-se necessário o desenvolvimento e aplicação de protocolos de rastreamento, garantindo diagnósticos e tratamentos precoces, com diminuição da morbimortalidade, aumento da sobrevida e melhora da qualidade de vida das pacientes.(AU)

The present study aims to review the literature regarding the diagnosis and treatment of women with anal HPV infection. Despite having been considered low, the frequency of anal cancer has shown an important increase in the last 30 years, with an increment incidence of 40% among women. It is known that anal infection by specific subtypes of HPV predisposes individuals to anal intraepithelial neoplasm, which may progress to anal cancer, establishing the causal relation between the virus and this cancer, with the pathogenesis of malignant transformation similar to cervical cancer. However, no standardization regarding their management has been proposed so far. Being generally asymptomatic, the majority of anal HPV infections would require specific tests such as smear cytology, anuscopy and molecular techniques for detection of DNA for diagnosis. Currently, there are local and invasive procedures or ablative treatment for such lesions. Given the high prevalence of anal HPV infection and the new concept of sexually transmitted disease for anal cancer, it is necessary to develop and implement protocols for screening, ensuring early diagnosis and treatment. Thus, with the decrease of morbidity and mortality, it will be possible to increase survival and improve quality of life of patients.(AU)

Abordagem das massas anexiais com suspeita de câncer de ovário / Management of the adnexal mass with suspect of ovarian cancer

O presente estudo visou realizar uma revisão da literatura em relação à abordagem das mulheres com massas anexiais suspeitas de malignidade. Na existência de uma massa anexial, o diagnóstico do câncer de ovário sempre deve ser cogitado e fatores como características aos exames de imagem, idade, história familiar, presença de sinais e sintomas e níveis de marcadores tumorais são fundamentais para a escolha da melhor abordagem terapêutica. A videolaparoscopia constitui uma via bem estabelecida na propedêutica e no tratamento das massas anexiais benignas e vem apresentando um aumento progressivo de indicações em oncologia. No entanto, a cirurgia convencional, por meio de laparotomia mediana, realizada por profissional especializado, ainda constitui o padrão-ouro para confirmação do diagnóstico, estadiamento e tratamento do câncer de ovário.

This paper presents a literature review in the management of women with adnexal mass suspicious of ovarian cancer. In the existence of adnexal mass, the diagnosis of ovarian cancer should always be on mind and factors like features of the image screening, age, family history, presence of signals and symptoms and serum tumor markers levels are essential in the choice of the best management. The videolaparoscopic approach is a well established route in propaedeutic and treatment of benign adnexal masses and has been progressively indicated in oncology. However, the conventional surgery by midline laparotomy, made by a specialist, is still the gold standard for diagnosis confirmation, staging and treatment of ovarian cancer.

Ooforectomia profilática: indicações atuais / Prophylactic ooforectomy: actual indications

Dentre as neoplasias de origem ginecológica, o câncer de ovário continua sendo a forma mais letal e a oitava mais diagnosticada em mulheres. Sendo assim, essa patologia representa um grande desafio, pois apesar dos avanços dos métodos propedêuticos e das terapias oncológicas, a sobrevida das pacientes não se alterou nas últimas décadas. Alguns fatores como o estilo de vida, prole e principalmente a hereditariedade - encontrada em síndromes e mutações como as que envolvem os genes BRCA-1 e BRCA-2 - são responsáveis pelo aumento da predisposição ao câncer de ovário. A ooforectomia, em situações peculiares, constitui uma possibilidade de prevenção primária, apesar de suas controvérsias. O objetivo deste artigo é fazer uma revisão da literatura com análise crítica das indicações da ooforectomia profilática.

Among different types of gynecologic cancer, the ovarian cancer remains the leading form of cancer death and the eighth most prevalent in women. Thus, such pathology represents a challenge despite the propedeutic methods and oncological therapies, since survival rates have shown no changes in the past decades. Some factors such as lifestyle, offspring and mainly inheritance, which seem to be associated with deleterious mutations of BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 genes, are responsible for an increased predisposition to ovarian cancer, of which oophorectomy constitutes a dilemma concerning primary prevention. The aim of the present paper is to provide a literature review including critical analysis and indications for prophylactic oophorectomy.