ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency and severity of cognitive impairment as well as its correlations with clinical characteristics in remitted patients with bipolar disorder (BD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighty-five patients with BD type I (64 patients) and BD type II (21 patients) in remission were examined (average age 36.6±5.7). Affective symptoms were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Young's Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). Cognitive impairment was assessed using the Brief Neuropsychological Cognitive Examination (BNCE). RESULTS: Cognitive impairment was revealed in 43.5% of the patients. The frequency and structure of cognitive impairment in patients with BD type I and type II did not differ. The patients with cognitive impairment were characterized by decreased speed of mental processes, decreased working memory and attention deficit. The correlation of the total BNCE score with the age of the patients, duration of the disease, total HDRS and YMRS scores was revealed. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate the affective nature of cognitive deficit in the patients. Cognitive impairment in remitted patients with BD is a significant therapeutic target.
Subject(s)
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity , Bipolar Disorder , Cognition Disorders , Cognitive Dysfunction , Adult , Bipolar Disorder/complications , Bipolar Disorder/diagnosis , Cognition Disorders/diagnosis , Cognition Disorders/epidemiology , Cognition Disorders/etiology , Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis , Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology , Humans , Neuropsychological TestsABSTRACT
In this article, the authors summarize current trends in the development of domestic and foreign mental health services, results of the reforms of national psychiatric services, and the state of inpatient and community-based psychiatric care systems. Actual problems and prospects of development of system of psychiatric help are discussed.
Subject(s)
Mental Disorders/therapy , Mental Health Services/trends , Psychiatric Rehabilitation/trends , Canada , Europe , Humans , Mental Disorders/rehabilitation , Russia , United StatesABSTRACT
Academic, clinical, social, economic, organizational and other aspects of psychiatric hospitals are discussed in the main sections of the article: development and current state of medical care, prospect of inpatient care. Main measures for the improvement of the activity of psychiatric hospital, their interaction with outpatient organizations are presented. The necessity of improving the image of a psychiatric hospital is emphasized.
Subject(s)
Hospitals, Psychiatric , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Hospitals, Psychiatric/history , Hospitals, Psychiatric/organization & administration , Hospitals, Psychiatric/trends , HumansABSTRACT
At the population level, the quantitative assessment of the impact of social-economic and medical-demographic factors on the dynamics of main mental health indicators (prevalence, incidence, level of suicide, disability) in the population of the Russian Federation in 1992-2010 years is presented. Regression models relating the key indicators of mental health with the health-demographic and social-economic factors have been developed. The interpretation of the dynamics of mental health in Russia according to the social changes and living conditions in the country during 1992-2010 years is suggested. Models have good predictive performance, which allows their use as a tool for real-time monitoring and planning of health and social services.
Subject(s)
Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Humans , Regression Analysis , Russia , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
Modern approaches to studying prevalence of a mental pathology and the results received during 2000-2010 are analyzed according to a condition of mental health of the population of separate regions and countries of the world. Information sources were databases of the WHO, a database of the United States National Library of Medicine "PubMed", archives of publications of leading foreign medical magazines in the field of mental health. The growth of prevalence and incidence of mental illnesses, especially depressive and anxiety disorders, with the corresponding increasing burden of mental disorders worldwide is observed. To obtain reliable results, modern schemes of epidemiological studies should be realized with the account of social-cultural level of the population, adaptation of diagnostic tools, qualitative preparation and training of the personnel and with the precise use of statistical criteria and requirements to the selection and analysis of research information.
