ABSTRACT
Hopantenic acid is a well-known nootropic drug similar in its chemical structure to pantothenic acid (vitamin B5). Neurotropic effects of hopantenic acid act through binding with delta- and kappa opioid receptors, modulation of acetylcholine secretion and relationship with dopamine receptors. Besides neurotropic effects, hopantenic acid may modulate the metabolism of prostaglandins, steroids and have antitumor effects.
ABSTRACT
A perspective direction of the treatment of dysbacteriosis is the use of so-called metabolic prebiotics--products of metabolism of positive flora (for example, water substrate of the products of metabolism of E. coli, S. faecalis, L. acidophilus, L. helveticus (strains of DSM), out of which, as known, drug Hylak Forte is made. Our earlier systematic analysis of metabolomics, representatives of positive microflora, pointed to the fact that the latter contain specific biochemical mechanisms for biosynthesis and processing of a number of vitamins. In the present paper the results of a systematic analysis of the effects of vitamins B2, B6 and K on the survival of the representatives of the positive microflora on the basis of the substrate of metabolic products of positive flora have been presented. The results of the analysis allow us clarify the molecular mechanisms of the therapeutic effects of this drug with a very complex structure and confirm the available clinical data and are an important foundation for subsequent microbiological research. Metabolites in the preparation composition contribute to the normalization of metabolism of pyridoxalphosphate (vitamin B6), flavin adenin dinucleotide (FAD, a derivative of vitamin B2) and nicotinamide dinucleotide (NAD, a derivative of vitamin B3)--cofactors of enzymes that have a significant impact on the survival of microbiota. The proposed molecular mechanisms also indicate on a possible synergies between certain vitamins and micro elements, on the one hand, and molecular components of the preparations on the basis of waste products of microbiota on the other.
Subject(s)
Enterococcus faecalis/metabolism , Escherichia coli/metabolism , Gastrointestinal Tract/microbiology , Lactobacillus/metabolism , Vitamins/metabolism , Digestive System Diseases/drug therapy , Digestive System Diseases/microbiology , Gastrointestinal Tract/drug effects , Humans , Metabolome , Microbial Viability , Models, Biological , Models, Molecular , Organic Chemicals/administration & dosage , Organic Chemicals/metabolism , Organic Chemicals/therapeutic use , Prebiotics , Vitamins/biosynthesis , Vitamins/chemistryABSTRACT
The tests on rats with common carotid artery occlusion showed that bilobil increases the cerebral blood flow and decreases brain edema, thus decreasing the loss of experimental animals. The drug also increases the blood circulation and improves the excretory function of kidneys. Under clinical conditions, bilobil increases the cerebral blood flow, normalizes the metal ligand homeostasis, and improves the antioxidant status in children with early forms of cerebrovascular disease (neurocirculate distonia) and attention deficit hyperactivity syndrome.
