Subject(s)
Anura/embryology , Acrylamide , Acrylamides/pharmacology , Animals , Blastocyst/drug effects , Blastocyst/metabolism , Cell Differentiation/drug effects , Cleavage Stage, Ovum/drug effects , Cleavage Stage, Ovum/metabolism , Dinitrophenols/pharmacology , Free Radicals , Gastrula/drug effects , Gastrula/metabolism , Larva/drug effects , Larva/metabolism , Morphogenesis/drug effects , Rana temporaria , Xenopus laevisABSTRACT
Monooxygenase activity changes in the liver and in other tissues of certain fish species were studied after injection of methylcholanthrene and aminoanthracene to fish. Determinations of the benz(a)pyrene hydroxylase activity and activity of 7-ethoxycoumarine 0-dealkylation in the monooxygenase system were proposed as test-systems for the control of polycyclic hydrocarbon contents in natural and waste waters. The metabolic activation (Aim's test) performed by the liver microsomal fractions of different fish species was used for the analysis of sulfate cellulose industry waste waters.
Subject(s)
Environmental Monitoring/methods , Fishes/metabolism , Mixed Function Oxygenases/biosynthesis , Polycyclic Compounds/toxicity , Water Pollution, Chemical/analysis , Animals , Carcinogens, Environmental/analysis , Carcinogens, Environmental/toxicity , Enzyme Induction , Microsomes, Liver/enzymology , Polycyclic Compounds/analysis , Species SpecificitySubject(s)
Cell Membrane Permeability , Phosphatidylinositols/physiology , Animals , Brain/metabolism , Calcium/metabolism , Chemical Phenomena , Chemistry , Cyclic AMP/metabolism , Energy Metabolism , Erythrocytes/metabolism , Membrane Lipids/physiology , Phosphatidylinositols/metabolism , Polymers/physiology , Potassium/metabolism , Proteins , Rats , Receptors, Nicotinic/physiology , Synapses/physiology , Synaptic Transmission , Vagus Nerve/metabolismABSTRACT
The effect of acetylcholine (ACh) and cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) on phosphoinositide (PI) metabolism and associated changes of the permeability of the nervous fibers in the crustaceans Carcinum maenas and Eriphia spinifrons, as well as in the frog Rana temporaria, has been investigated. It was shown that ACh induces a significant decrease in the content of triphosphoinositides (TPI) in the nervous fibers of the crabs and increases their potassium permeability, which in its turn results in depolarization of the fibers. ACh did not affect frog nervous fibers. cAMP significantly increases the incorporation of 32P into TPI fraction of crab nervous fibers during conduction of excitation and also facilitates repolarization of the fibers after application of ACh. Proserine effectively protects nervous fibers from the influence of ACh, indicating possible participation of acetylcholinesterase in TPI hydrolysis. The data obtained suggest that PI are involved into the regulation of membrane permeability of crab nervous fibers to potassium ions.
