ABSTRACT
AIM: To determine the effectiveness of information technology interventions on hand hygiene compliance among health care professionals. BACKGROUND: Performing hand hygiene is the optimal approach to prevent the transmission of health care-associated infections. However, results regarding the effectiveness of information technology interventions on hand hygiene compliance were inconsistent to date. EVALUATION: A search for studies published up to May 2020 was undertaken. A meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 software. KEY ISSUES: The most commonly used information technology systems were as follows: automated training, electronic counting devices and remote monitoring, real-time hand hygiene reminders and feedback, and automated monitoring. These four types of technology systems can significantly improve hand hygiene compliance among health care professionals (odds ratio = 3.06, p < .001). CONCLUSION: The four types of information technology can be effectively used to change the hand hygiene behaviour. Because the information systems can monitor personnel and conduct statistical analyses automatically, they save labour costs of human monitors, are more time efficient and eliminate accompanying human error. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: The use of the four types of information technology is convenient and could reduce health care-associated infections; thus, they could be widely used in the future as the key to increase hand hygiene compliance rate.
Subject(s)
Cross Infection , Hand Hygiene , Cross Infection/prevention & control , Feedback , Guideline Adherence , Health Personnel , Humans , Information TechnologyABSTRACT
Coronary heart disease remains a leading cause of death in the world. The demand on targeting therapy to reduce myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is still urgent. The pathogenesis of I/R-induced myocardial injury is complicated. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and inflammatory response activation participate in the development of I/R injury. Cell death occurs and finally leads to myocardial infarction. A newly phenolic aporphine alkaloid derivative, TM-1-1DP, was synthesized in our team. We aimed to investigate the effect of novel compound on myocardial I/R injury. Rats were subjected to 1-h coronary artery occlusion and followed by 2-h reperfusion. Adult rat cardimoycyte was isolated for the cell study, and H2O2 was added into culture medium to induce ROS stress. As compared to the sham group, TM-1-1DP-treated rats had better cardiac performance in association with less infarct size and cardiac injury markers after myocardial I/R. The protective effect is associated with the inhibition of inflammatory response, cell death-related pathway (caspase-3 and TNF-α), and the activation of AKT-eNOS pathway. The finding was further coincided with the cell study. TM-1-1DP treatment significantly alleviated ROS production and improved cell viability in cardiomyocyte after H2O2 exposure. The action of TM-1-1DP is via a nitric oxide (NO)-dependent manner, since NOS inhibitor, L-NAME, abolished the protective effect. We provide a new insight into this therapeutic potential for phenolic aporphine alkaloid in myocardial I/R.
Subject(s)
Aporphines/therapeutic use , Cardiotonic Agents/therapeutic use , Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism , Animals , Aporphines/administration & dosage , Aporphines/chemistry , Cardiotonic Agents/administration & dosage , Cardiotonic Agents/chemistry , Cell Survival/drug effects , Cells, Cultured , Heart Function Tests , Male , Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/enzymology , Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/immunology , Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/pathology , Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects , Myocytes, Cardiac/enzymology , Myocytes, Cardiac/immunology , Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
The N-homologues and optical isomers of thaliporphine (5a), a potent antiarrhythmic agent, were prepared starting from laurolitsine (1), an abundant aporphine present in Phoebe formosana. Treating N-propylnorglaucine with 90% H2SO4 yielded one additional product, an 11-sulfonyl-1,11-anhydroaporphine. Reaction of N-formylnorglaucine (3a) with 90% H2SO4, however, yielded the 9-sulfonyl-seco product as a major product. Treatment of 3a with 98% H2SO4 yielded pancordine (10), which, upon catalytic hydrogenation, yielded (±)-wilsonirine. (1)H NMR spectroscopic analysis was applied successfully to monitor the optical purity of the crystalline salt while undertaking optical resolution. Thaliporphine (5a) was demonstrated to possess better positive inotropic and less negative chronotropic effects than the left-hand optical isomer and showed the best activity on rat cardiac tissue among the N-homologues prepared.
