ABSTRACT
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) refer to a class of proteins that participate in alternative splicing, RNA stability, polyadenylation, localization and translation of RNAs, thus regulating gene expression in post-transcriptional manner. Dysregulation of RNA-RBP interaction contributes to various diseases, including cancer. In breast cancer, disorders in RBP expression and function influence the biological characteristics of tumor cells. Targeting RBPs has fostered the development of innovative therapies for breast cancer. However, the RBP-related mechanisms in breast cancer are not completely clear. In this review, we summarize the regulatory mechanisms of RBPs and their signaling crosstalk in breast cancer. Specifically, we emphasize the potential of certain RBPs as prognostic factors due to their effects on proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, and therapy resistance of breast cancer cells. Most importantly, we present a comprehensive overview of the latest RBP-related therapeutic strategies and novel therapeutic targets that have proven to be useful in the treatment of breast cancer.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms , Humans , Female , Breast Neoplasms/genetics , Breast Neoplasms/therapy , RNA-Binding Proteins/geneticsABSTRACT
We proposed an automatic sorting method based on a virtual optical chip, which was formed by a complex-amplitude beam shaping system. The automatic sorting of different micro-particles was realized by the optical forces of the intensity and phase gradients of the reconstructed optical beam. The method was verified with theoretical analysis and experimental results. Compared with the traditional optical sorting methods, the proposed one does not need high-precision mechanical and/or microfluidic devices. The optical chip is flexible in structure and efficient in optical sorting and can be used in the fields of medical detection and material sensing.
ABSTRACT
Interleukin-17 (IL-17 or IL-17A), a pleiotropic cytokine produced by T helper (Th) 17 cells, is involved in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, including periodontitis. Although the ability of pro-inflammation in periodontitis have been widely investigated, the other biological functions of IL-17, including its role in bone remodeling and the underlying molecular mechanism, have not been well clarified. In the present study, IL-17 could significantly enhance the expression of receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and inhibit the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs), the two critical indicators for osteoclastogenesis, suggesting IL-17 may play a destructive role in the pathogenesis of periodontal bone remodeling. Pharmaceutical signal inhibitors targeted at MAPKs, Akt or NF-κB signals, inhibited IL-17-induced RANKL and OPG regulation. Notably, the enhancement of RANKL was significantly blocked by the inhibitors of JNK and NF-κB signals. The upstream signals were further investigated with the small interfering RNA (siRNA). Both TRAF6 and TBK1 were found to be the critically signal molecules for IL-17-dependent RANKL regulation in hPDLCs. These findings may provide comprehensive understanding of the role of IL-17 in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and might also provide a reasonable way for periodontitis therapy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To compare the side effects of intensity modulated radiotherapy(IMRT) and conventional radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. METHOD: Sixty nine cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were random selected by stages,with 32 cases in IMRT group and 37 cases in conventional radiotherapy group. The target areas in IMRT group were nasopharyngeal carcinoma, parapharyngeal space and neck lymphatic area with the fractional dose of 2.00-2.12 Gy per time, for 33-35 times. The cases in conventional radiotherapy group were given facio-cervical field radiation, DT 40-60 Gy per time, for 20-30 times. The reinforcing dosage in lateral facial field increased to DT 70 Gy in the nasopharyngeal area. The prophylactic irradiation dose of the neck was DT 50-55 Gy. RESULT: The incidence of dry mouth one year after radiotherapy in the IMRT and conventional radiotherapy groups were 9.38% (3/32) and 94.59% (35/37) respectively, with a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.01). The incidence of difficulty in opening mouth in the IMRT and conventional radiotherapy groups were 6.25% (2/32) and 72.97% (27/37) respectively, with a significant difference between the two groups(P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Compared with the conventional radiotherapy, IMRT may improve the control rate and obviously de creases the side effects. It could be recommended for the radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
