ABSTRACT
Oily wastewater has caused serious threats to the environment; thus, high-performance absorbing materials for effective oil-water separation technology have attracted increasing attention. Herein, we develop a magnetic, hydrophobic, and lipophilic hyperporous elastic material (HEM) templated by high internal phase emulsions (HIPE), in which free-radical polymerization of butyl acrylate (BA) and divinylbenzene (DVB) is employed in the presence of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), lecithin surfactant, and modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The adoption of the emulsion template with nanoparticles as both stabilizers and cross-linkers endows the HEM with biomimetic hierarchical open-cell micropores and elastic cross-linked networks, generating an oil absorbent with outstanding mechanical stability. Compressive fatigue resistance of the HEM is demonstrated to endure 2000 mechanical cycles without plastic deformation or strength degradation. By exploiting the synergistic effect of hierarchical structures and low-surface-energy components, the resulting HEM also possesses excellent and robust hydrophobicity (water contact angle of 164°) and good oil absorption capacity, in which Fe3O4 nanoparticles lead to convenient magnetically controlled oil recyclability as well. Notably, the unique biomimetic microporous structure demonstrates superior oil retention capacity (>95% at 1000 rpm and >60% at 10,000 rpm) over the state-of-the-art porous materials for a diverse variety of oils to reduce the risk of secondary oil leakage, along with good recoverability by squeezing owing to the excellent compression resilience. These excellent performances of our HEM provide broad prospects for practical applications in oil-water separation, energy conversion, and smart soft robotics.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) with pediatric flexible fibreoptic bronchoscopy (FB) is used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in pediatric haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients with pulmonary complications. The aim of our study was to evaluate complications in pediatric HSCT patients undergoing BAL/FB and to explore the nursing emphases on complications. DESIGN AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective, case-controlled study to evaluate perioperative complications of HSCT children. BAL/FB was conducted for 42 children with HSCT who experienced pulmonary complications between January 2017 and January 2018 within a tertiary hospital. Forty patients diagnosed with general pneumonia were randomly selected during the same period and served as the control group. We analyzed the signs and symptoms of all patients and compared the operative complications between the two groups. Furthermore, we presented the methods used to manage complications. RESULTS: The presence of cough, lung rales, and imaging findings in the HSCT patients was significantly different from that of the control group (p < 0.0001). The complication rate was 66.67% (28/42) in the HSCT group and 22.5% (9/40) in the control group, and the difference was significant (p < 0.0001). Twelve out of 42 HSCT patients experienced airway mucosal bleeding (28.57%), and six had transient fever (14.29%). The topical use of epinephrine diluted saline (1:10,000) was highly effective for controlling airway mucosal bleeding without causing fluctuations in blood pressure. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: There were more perioperative complications in the HSCT patients than in the general pneumonia patients who underwent BAL/FB. Airway mucosal bleeding was a key focus of perioperative nursing in HSCT patients undergoing bronchoscopy as main complication. BAL with the use of epinephrine diluted saline (1:10,000) effectively decreased airway mucosal bleeding.