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1.
Genet Mol Res ; 15(3)2016 Aug 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27525940

ABSTRACT

Clubroot significantly affects plants of the Brassicaceae family and is one of the main diseases causing serious losses in B. napus yield. Few studies have investigated the clubroot-resistance mechanism in B. napus. Identification of clubroot-resistant genes may be used in clubroot-resistant breeding, as well as to elucidate the molecular mechanism behind B. napus clubroot-resistance. We used three B. napus transcriptome samples to construct a transcriptome sequencing library by using Illumina HiSeq™ 2000 sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. In total, 171 million high-quality reads were obtained, containing 96,149 unigenes of N50-value. We aligned the obtained unigenes with the Nr, Swiss-Prot, clusters of orthologous groups, and gene ontology databases and annotated their functions. In the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes database, 25,033 unigenes (26.04%) were assigned to 124 pathways. Many genes, including broad-spectrum disease-resistance genes, specific clubroot-resistant genes, and genes related to indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) signal transduction, cytokinin synthesis, and myrosinase synthesis in the Huashuang 3 variety of B. napus were found to be related to clubroot-resistance. The effective clubroot-resistance observed in this variety may be due to the induced increased expression of these disease-resistant genes and strong inhibition of the IAA signal transduction, cytokinin synthesis, and myrosinase synthesis. The homology observed between unigenes 0048482, 0061770 and the Crr1 gene shared 94% nucleotide similarity. Furthermore, unigene 0061770 could have originated from an inversion of the Crr1 5'-end sequence.


Subject(s)
Brassica napus/genetics , Disease Resistance/genetics , Plant Diseases/genetics , Base Sequence , Brassica napus/parasitology , Gene Expression Profiling , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant , Gene Ontology , Genes, Plant , Host-Parasite Interactions , Metabolic Networks and Pathways , Molecular Sequence Annotation , Plant Diseases/parasitology , Plant Roots/genetics , Plant Roots/parasitology , Plasmodiophorida/physiology , Sequence Analysis, RNA , Transcriptome
2.
Water Sci Technol ; 62(2): 403-9, 2010.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20651446

ABSTRACT

This study evaluated TMAH biodegradation under methanogenic conditions. Under methanogenic conditions, a sludge from a full-scale UASB treating TFT-LCD wastewater was able to degrade 2,000 mg/L of TMAH within 10 h and attained a specific degradation rate of 19.2 mgTMAH/gVSS-h. Furthermore, several chemicals including some surfactants, DMSO, and sulfate were examined for their potential inhibitory effects on TMAH biodegradation under methanogenic conditions. The results indicated that surfactant S1 (up to 2%) and DMSO (up to 1,000 mg/L) presented negligible inhibitory effects on TMAH degradation, while surfactant S2 (0.2-1%) might inhibit methanogenic reaction without any TMAH degradation for 3-5 h. At sulfate concentrations higher than 300 mg/L, a complete inhibition of methanogenic reaction and TMAH biodegradation was observed. Results from cloning and sequencing of archaeal 16S rRNA gene fragments showed that Methanosarcina barkeri and Methanosarcina mazei were the dominant methanogens in the UASB treating TMAH-containing TFT-LCD wastewater.


Subject(s)
Methane/chemistry , Methane/metabolism , Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/chemistry , Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/metabolism , Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods , Water Pollutants, Chemical/chemistry , Methanosarcina/classification , Methanosarcina/genetics , Methanosarcina/metabolism , Phylogeny
3.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry ; 119(1-4): 402-7, 2006.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16644982

ABSTRACT

The characteristics of thermoluminescence (TL) and optical stimulated luminescence (OSL) in undoped alpha-Al2O3 single crystals were studied. The TL glow curves of the crystal samples irradiated at various dose levels were measured by RisØ TL/OSL-DA-15B/C reader with U-340 or 7-59 filters at different heating rates. The glow peaks measured with U-340 at approximately 210 degrees C of the undoped alpha-Al2O3 can be well fitted by first-order kinetic equation whereas the glow peaks measured with 7-59 filters are a composite of two first-order glow peaks. It indicates that the TL glow curves are dependent upon the filter used in the reader that is related to the emission spectra of luminescence materials. The OSL were also measured and fitted by two exponential functions to get the luminescence intensities. The TL and OSL dose responses of the undoped alpha-Al2O3 crystal were obtained in the dose range of 0.12-248 Gy and fitted by the composite action dose-response function to get nonlinear characteristic parameters. The TL and OSL dose responses are linear-sublinear.


Subject(s)
Aluminum Oxide/chemistry , Aluminum Oxide/radiation effects , Models, Chemical , Thermoluminescent Dosimetry/instrumentation , Thermoluminescent Dosimetry/methods , Computer Simulation , Crystallization , Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation , Equipment Design , Equipment Failure Analysis , Light , Materials Testing , Radiation Dosage
4.
J Neurochem ; 73(1): 334-43, 1999 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10386986

ABSTRACT

This study characterizes and examines the P2 receptor-mediated signal transduction pathway of a rat brain-derived type 2 astrocyte cell line, RBA-2. ATP induced Ca2+ influx and activated phospholipase D (PLD). The ATP-stimulated Ca2+ influx was inhibited by pretreating cells with P2 receptor antagonist, pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid (PPADS), in a concentration-dependent manner. The agonist 2'- and 3'-O-(4-benzoylbenzoyl)adenosine 5'-triphosphate (BzATP) stimulated the largest increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i); ATP, 2-methylthioadenosine triphosphate tetrasodium, and ATPgammaS were much less effective, whereas UTP, ADP, alpha,beta-methylene-ATP, and beta,gamma-methylene-ATP were ineffective. Furthermore, removal of extracellular Mg2+ enhanced the ATP- and BzATP-stimulated increases in [Ca2+]i. BzATP stimulated PLD in a concentration- and time-dependent manner that could be abolished by removal of extracellular Ca2+ and was inhibited by suramin, PPADS, and oxidized ATP. In addition, PLD activities were activated by the Ca2+ mobilization agent, ionomycin, in an extracellular Ca2+ concentration-dependent manner. Both staurosporine and prolonged phorbol ester treatment inhibited BzATP-stimulated PLD activity. Taken together, these data indicate that activation of the P2X7 receptors induces Ca2+ influx and stimulates a Ca2+-dependent PLD in RBA-2 astrocytes. Furthermore, protein kinase C regulates this PLD.


Subject(s)
Adenosine Triphosphate/pharmacology , Astrocytes/metabolism , Brain/cytology , Calcium/metabolism , Phospholipase D/metabolism , Receptors, Purinergic P2/physiology , Adenosine Triphosphate/analogs & derivatives , Animals , Calcium/pharmacology , Cell Line , Enzyme Activation/drug effects , Magnesium/administration & dosage , Protein Kinase C/metabolism , Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists , Pyridoxal Phosphate/analogs & derivatives , Pyridoxal Phosphate/pharmacology , Rats , Receptors, Purinergic P2X7
5.
Biol Blood Marrow Transplant ; 3(1): 25-33, 1997 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9209738

ABSTRACT

Initial studies of FK506 combined with methotrexate (MTX) in patients receiving unrelated donor BMT have demonstrated a possible-decrease in the incidence of severe GVHD but high rates of severe stomatitis and nephrotoxicity. With this background, we undertook a pilot study evaluating FK506 in combination with a lower than usual dose of MTX in an attempt to improve the tolerability of this immunoprophylaxis regimen. Between July 1993 and October 1994, 26 consecutive adults receiving unrelated donor BMT at Emory University Hospital were enrolled on this study. All patients received FK506 intravenously at an initial dose of 0.03 mg/kg/day beginning day -1 and continuing until oral FK506 was tolerated. Patients also received MTX intravenously at 5 mg/m2 on days 1, 3, 6, and 11. The preparative regimen administered to all but one patient included cyclophosphamide at 200 mg/kg over 4 days followed by total body irradiation (TBI) at 1400 cGy in twice daily fractions over 4 days. The median age of patients was 31 years (range: 19 to 52). Sixteen donor/recipient pairs were matched for HLA-A, -B, and -DR by serology and molecular typing. Ten paris were minor mismatches at either class I or class II. Twenty-two of 26 patients (85%) completed four doses of MTX on schedule. Nephrotoxicity was the most common adverse event associated with the administration of FK506: 88% of patients experienced a doubling of their serum creatinine. One patient died of central nervous system hemorrhage prior to engraftment. Twenty-four of the remaining 25 patients (96%) engrafted. Fourteen of 24 patients (50%) evaluable developed grades 2-4 acute GVHD. The rate of severe (grades 3-4) acute GVHD was 25%. Chronic GVHD developed in 11 of 20 (55%) evaluable patients. At a median follow-up of 461 days, 14 patients (54%) are alive. All are relapse-free with a median Karnofsky performance status of 90% (range: 70-100%). The cumulative probability of 2-year disease-free survival is 50% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.33 to 0.77); for low risk patients 67% (95% CI: 0.47 to 0.95) and for high risk patients 23% (95% CI: 0.049 to 1.00). These preliminary data indicate that FK506-based immunosuppression following unrelated donor BMT is effective in preventing severe acute GVHD and warrants comparison to CSA-based regimens.


Subject(s)
Bone Marrow Transplantation/adverse effects , Graft vs Host Disease/prevention & control , Hematologic Neoplasms/therapy , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Methotrexate/therapeutic use , Tacrolimus/therapeutic use , Transplantation, Homologous/adverse effects , Adult , Bone Marrow Transplantation/mortality , Disease-Free Survival , Drug Therapy, Combination , Female , Graft Survival , Graft vs Host Disease/mortality , Hematologic Neoplasms/mortality , Histocompatibility , Humans , Hyperglycemia/chemically induced , Hypertension/virology , Immunosuppressive Agents/administration & dosage , Immunosuppressive Agents/adverse effects , Infections/mortality , Kidney Diseases/chemically induced , Life Tables , Liver Diseases/virology , Male , Methotrexate/administration & dosage , Methotrexate/adverse effects , Middle Aged , Pilot Projects , Safety , Survival Analysis , Tacrolimus/administration & dosage , Tacrolimus/adverse effects , Treatment Outcome
6.
Lipids ; 32(3): 273-82, 1997 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9076664

ABSTRACT

We examined the changes in phospholipid metabolisms in sodium butyrate-treated C6 glioma cells. Treatment of 2.5 mM sodium butyrate for 24 h induced an increase in the activity of glutamine synthetase, suggesting that these cells were under differentiation. Similar treatment was associated with (i) increased arachidonic acid incorporation into phosphatidylcholine, and (ii) decreased arachidonic acid incorporation into phosphatidylinositol and (iii) phosphatidylethanolamine. These effects were subsequently investigated by examining the acylation process, de novo biosynthesis, and the agonist-stimulated phosphoinositides hydrolysis in these cells. Our results indicated that sodium butyrate stimulated the acylation of arachidonic acid into lysophosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, and lysophosphatidylinositol. The glycerol incorporation into these lipids was not affected, but the inositol incorporation into total chloroform extracts and Pl and phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate was decreased in the sodium butyrate-treated cells. Moreover, the accumulation of the rapid histamine-stimulated phosphoinositide metabolites, i.e., inositol monophosphate, inositol diphosphate, and inositol triphosphate (IP3) was decreased in these cells. To elucidate whether the decreased inositol phosphates were due to a decrease in the phosphoinositides hydrolysis, we measured the transient IP3 production directly by a receptor-binding assay. Our results indicated that histamine-stimulated transient IP3 formations were decreased. Taken together, these results indicated that multiple changes by multiple mechanisms of phospholipid metabolisms were found in sodium butyrate-treated C6 glioma cells. The decreased IP3 formation and its subsequent action, i.e., Ca2+ mobilization, may play an early but pivotal role by which sodium butyrate induces C6 glioma cell differentiation.


Subject(s)
Butyrates/pharmacology , Glioma/metabolism , Phospholipids/metabolism , Acylation , Animals , Arachidonic Acid/metabolism , Butyric Acid , Calcium/metabolism , Chloroform/chemistry , Glioma/drug therapy , Glioma/pathology , Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase/drug effects , Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase/metabolism , Glycerol/metabolism , Histamine/pharmacology , Hydrolysis , Inositol/metabolism , Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate/metabolism , Inositol Phosphates/metabolism , Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate/metabolism , Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates/metabolism , Phosphatidylinositols/metabolism , Proteins/drug effects , Proteins/metabolism , Rats , Thymidine/metabolism , Tritium , Tumor Cells, Cultured
7.
J Bone Joint Surg Br ; 73(5): 791-4, 1991 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1894668

ABSTRACT

We studied the calcium content and mechanical strength of cortical bone from rats and dogs after different periods of demineralisation, showing that the rate of demineralisation differed considerably between the species. Specimens from the rat were further treated by chemical extraction and autolysis and tested for osteoinductive properties. We showed that partially demineralised cortical bone retained adequate mechanical strength, while retaining the biological effects of completely demineralised bone. This shows that it is possible to prepare allografts which have adequate mechanical strength and still retain osteo-inductive properties.


Subject(s)
Bone Transplantation/physiology , Decalcification Technique , Transplantation, Homologous/physiology , Animals , Biomechanical Phenomena , Bone Density/physiology , Calcium/analysis , Dogs , Femur/chemistry , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , Tensile Strength/physiology
8.
Chin Med J (Engl) ; 103(3): 256-9, 1990 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2114969

ABSTRACT

The autopsy findings of two cases of disseminated histoplasmosis capsulatum are reported here. The pathologic changes involved multiple organs, such as lungs, liver, spleen, kidneys, thymus, and deep and superficial lymph nodes. The main pathologic features were caseous necrosis and macrophage infiltration, which engulfed numerous histoplasma in yeast form. In the first case, the colon and skin were also attacked by histoplasma capsuli, as was the head of pancreas in the second case. Acute regression of the thymus was found in both cases.


Subject(s)
Histoplasmosis/pathology , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Thymus Gland/pathology
9.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2588893

ABSTRACT

In 121 children with perinatal CNS damage a combined therapy was performed including, besides routine drug treatment, imitation stimulation of age-matched posture-++-tonic attitudes and motor skills, metameric reflexotherapy aimed at the CNS region lesioned, magnetotherapy, electric laser puncture targeted at correction of dysfunctioning brain structures. Treatment efficiency was controlled by the brain "development profile" derived from formalized neurological and neuropsychological investigations, and electroneuromyography. The efficiency of the therapy was considerably decreased by the 3rd semester of life.


Subject(s)
Cerebral Palsy/complications , Psychomotor Disorders/therapy , Speech Disorders/therapy , Cerebral Palsy/physiopathology , Combined Modality Therapy , Electroacupuncture , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Laser Therapy , Motor Activity/physiology , Psychomotor Disorders/etiology , Psychomotor Disorders/physiopathology , Speech/physiology , Speech Disorders/etiology , Speech Disorders/physiopathology
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