Upper-Critical-Solution-Temperature Polymer Modified Gold Nanorods for Laser Controlled Drug Release and Enhanced Anti-Tumour Therapy.

Photothermal therapy (PTT) has become effective method for the treatment of malignant cancer. The development of PTT system with high anti-tumour effect is still the feasible research direction. Here, a new type of gold nanorods (AuNRs)-doxorubicin (DOX)/mPEG10K-peptide/P(AAm-co-AN) (APP-DOX) nano drug delivery system was proposed. Among them, AuNRs was used as high-efficiency photothermal agent. APP-DOX had a suitable size and can be targeted to accumulate in tumour tissues through circulation in the body. The abundant matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) in the tumour environment intercepted and cut off the short peptide chain structure grafted on APP-DOX. At the same time, the removal of the PEG segment leaded to an increase in the hydrophobic properties of the system. Nanoparticles aggregated into large particles, causing them to stay and aggregate further at the tumour site. When irradiated by 808 nm near-infrared laser, APP-DOX achieved a gradual heating process. High temperature can effectively ablate tumours and enable UCST polymer to achieve phase transition, resulting in more anti-cancer drugs loaded in the polymer layer DOX was released, effectively killing cancer cells. Animal experiments had verified the possibility of the nano drug-carrying system and good tumour treatment effect. What's more worth mentioning is that compared with free DOX, the nano drug delivery system had lower biological toxicity and not cause obvious harmful effects on normal organs and tissues.

Effect of piceatannol against malignant melanoma / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the antitumor effect of piceatannol (PIC) on malignant melanoma @*METHODS@#B16F10 cells were cultured @*RESULTS@#The cell viability of B16F10 decreased with increasing PIC concentration. The results of the Transwell assay showed that invasion ability decreased with increasing PIC concentration, and healing time was prolonged at increased PIC concentration in the wound healing assay. Western blot results showed that PIC mainly inhibited the phosphorylation of Syk and inhibited the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, and VEGF. RNA interference pointed out that blocking the expression of Syk can reveal the same inhibition effect on B16F10 cells as PIC. @*CONCLUSIONS@#PIC might block the progression of malignant melanoma by inhibiting spleen tyrosine kinase.

[Expression and clinical significance of nuclear factor κB/B cell lymphoma-2 signal pathway and glycogen synthase kinase 3ß in oral squamous cell carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine the expression of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)/B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) signal pathway and glycogen synthase kinase 3ß (GSK-3ß) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and provide references for the early diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of OSCC. METHODS: A total of 55 cases of OSCC and 10 cases of paracan- cerous mucosa were examined in this study. Their expressions of GSK-3ß, NF-κB and Bcl-2 were detected using the SP me- thod immunohistochemistry. The correlation between their expression in OSCC and the clinical and pathological peculiarity of OSCC was analyzed. RESULTS: The positive expression of GSK-3ß, NF-κB, and Bcl-2 in OSCC were significantly higher than that in paracancerous mucosa (P < 0.01). The expression of GSK-3ß, NF-κB, and Bcl-2 had no obvious relationship with patient's age, sex, and clinical stages of the disease (P > 0.05). The expression of Bcl-2 was significantly correlated with the degree of tumor differentiation (P < 0.05), whereas the expression of GSK-3ß and NF-κB in OSCC had no obvious relation- ship with the degree of tumor differentiation (P > 0.05). Strong positive correlations were observed among the expressions of GSK-3ß, NF-κB, and Bcl-2 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The positive expression of GSK-3ß, NF-κB, and Bcl-2 in OSCC are sig- nificantly higher than that in paracancerous mucosa. Detecting GSK-3ß, NF-κB, and Bcl-2 in OSCC may have implications in the early diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of OSCC.

A hypothesis of traumatic subdural effusion associated with communicating hydrocephalus in infants and its management.

We report a case with both traumatic subdural effusion (TSE) and associated hydrocephalus. A collapse of the sinuses is known to be present in some infants with external hydrocephalus, but collapsed sinuses have not been previously described in patients with TSE and associated hydrocephalus. Therefore, a preoperative magnetic resonance imaging venography was performed, with thrombosis in the left transverse and sigmoid sinuses identified. The infant was treated with subdural peritoneostomy. We hypothesized that an occlusive cerebral venous sinus thrombosis may well be the culprit, or an exacerbating factor for TSE associated with hydrocephalus.

Expression and clinical significance of nuclear factor κB/B cell lymphoma-2 signal pathway and glycogen synthase kinase 3β in oral squamous cell carcinoma / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study aims to examine the expression of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)/B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) signal pathway and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and provide references for the early diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of OSCC.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 55 cases of OSCC and 10 cases of paracan- cerous mucosa were examined in this study. Their expressions of GSK-3β, NF-κB and Bcl-2 were detected using the SP me- thod immunohistochemistry. The correlation between their expression in OSCC and the clinical and pathological peculiarity of OSCC was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive expression of GSK-3β, NF-κB, and Bcl-2 in OSCC were significantly higher than that in paracancerous mucosa (P < 0.01). The expression of GSK-3β, NF-κB, and Bcl-2 had no obvious relationship with patient's age, sex, and clinical stages of the disease (P > 0.05). The expression of Bcl-2 was significantly correlated with the degree of tumor differentiation (P < 0.05), whereas the expression of GSK-3β and NF-κB in OSCC had no obvious relation- ship with the degree of tumor differentiation (P > 0.05). Strong positive correlations were observed among the expressions of GSK-3β, NF-κB, and Bcl-2 (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The positive expression of GSK-3β, NF-κB, and Bcl-2 in OSCC are sig- nificantly higher than that in paracancerous mucosa. Detecting GSK-3β, NF-κB, and Bcl-2 in OSCC may have implications in the early diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of OSCC.</p>

Comparison between absolute ethanol and bleomycin for the treatment of venous malformation in children.

The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacies and treatment effects of absolute ethanol and bleomycin for the treatment of venous malformation (VM) in children. A total of 138 children with VM were randomly divided into two groups; 75 patients were treated with absolute ethanol, while a further 63 were treated with bleomycin under general anesthesia between February 2009 and February 2012. The treatment outcome and complications were observed in the two groups and the treatment efficacy was classified as one of four categories: cured, markedly effective, effective and ineffective. The curative effect was analyzed 6-24 months after treatment, with a mean of 15 months. Absolute ethanol was effective (cured, markedly effective or effective) in 71 cases and bleomycin was effective in 41 cases, and the difference between the effective rates was considered to be statistically significant (χ2=19.6, P<0.05). In the absolute ethanol group there were 14 cases with skin necrosis, 17 patients had serious localized swelling which required additional treatment, three patients developed muscle fibrosis and one patient suffered a brain embolism. In the bleomycin group there were five cases with skin necrosis and the difference in the incidence of adverse reactions was considered to be statistically significant (χ2=18.8, P<0.05). The curative effect of sclerotherapy for VM is clear, and absolute ethanol is the most effective sclerosing agent, but has a greater incidence of adverse side-effects than bleomycin. The major side-effect is skin necrosis. The choice of sclerotherapy depends on the classification of VM in children.

Interventional embolization therapy of puerile congenital deep femoral arteriovenous fistula.

This study aimed to investigate the treatment efficiency of interventional embolization therapy in puerile congenital deep femoral arteriovenous fistula. A retrospective analysis was conducted for 9 cases of congenital deep femoral arteriovenous fistulae treated in our department in the past 5 years. B-ultrasound examination indicated that all puerile patients suffered from deep femoral arteriovenous fistulae, which was confirmed by angiography examination. For all patients, endovascular interventional embolization therapy was conducted and angiography re-examination was implemented after 4 weeks. If there were residual orificium fistulae, the interventional embolization therapy was conducted again. In the 6 month to 2 year follow-up period, improvement of clinical symptoms was observed. Following interventional embolization, 9 cases of deep femoral arteriovenous fistulae were completely occluded and the clinical symptoms were improved. No relapses occurred. In addition, after three embolization treatments, the disease condition of one case was controlled well and the disease condition did not progress. Interventional embolization therapy has a number of advantages, including simple surgery and reliable treatment efficacy. Therefore, it is worthy of promotion and application in the clinic.