['Hyperglycaemic memory' in human umbilical vein endothelial cells mediated by interacting loop of protein kinase Cbeta(2)-reactive oxygen species].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the roles of protein kinase C (PKC) beta(2) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), imitating 'hyperglycemic memory' in vitro and the relationship between them. METHODS: The HUVECs were divided into 5 groups: normal glucose (NG, D-glucose 5 mmol/L x 3 weeks) group, high glucose (HG, D-glucose 25 mmol/L x 3 weeks) group, memory (M, 25 mmol/L D-glucose x 2 weeks + 5 mmol/L D-glucose x 1 weeks) group, memory transfected with PKCbeta(2) (MB, M + Ad5-PKCbeta(2)) group, memory plus alpha-lipoic acid (MA, M + 62.5 micromol/L alpha-lipoic acid) group. The mRNA expression of VEGF and VCAM-1 was detected with RT-PCR. ROS levels was tested with fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence microplate reader. The expression and translocation of PKCbeta(2) protein was observed with confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS: (1) VEGF and VCAM-1 mRNA expression in group HG and M increased, being 1.76, 1.35 and 1.69, 1.43 folds of those in group NG (all P < 0.05). (2) ROS levels in group HG and M increased 86% and 80% as compared with those in group NG (both P < 0.05). As compared with group M, ROS levels in group MA decreased 38%, and VEGF, VCAM-1 mRNA expression in group MA decreased significantly to 67% and 78%. (3) PKCbeta(2) was activated and translocated from cytosol to nucleus in group HG and group M. Quantitative analysis showed the ratio of plasma/nuclear fluorescence intensity in group HG and M decreased to 70% and 74% of those in group NG (both P < 0.05). As compared with group M, PKCbeta(2) in group MB translocated more obviously and the mRNA expression of VEGF and VCAM-1 in group MB significantly increased 1.29 and 1.18 folds of those in group M (both P < 0.05). (4) As compared with group M, the activation of PKCbeta(2) in group MA was inhibited and the ratio of plasma/nuclear fluorescence intensity increased 18%. Besides, ROS levels in group MB was 25% up-regulated as compared with those in group M (both P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Persistence of 'hyperglycemic memory' exists after glucose levels are normalized in HUVECs. This may be related with the interacting loop of PK Cbeta(2)-ROS.

[To compare and research the clinical effect of treating the comminute distal radius fractures by refining splintage].

OBJECTIVE: To treat the comminute distal radius fractures by improved splint, and obersve the curative effect and compare the radiology with the traditional splint. METHODS: Ninety-two patients with distal radius comminute fracture were randomly divided into two groups. There were 38 males and 54 females. The average age was 63 years old ranging from 23 to 82. Acording to AO classification on the distal fracture of the radius, there were 15 cases of A3, 40 cases of C1, 26 cases of C2 and 11 cases of C3. After all patients were treated by manipulative reduction, 46 cases of the treatment group were fixed supra-carpometacarpal joints by improved splint and trapezoid pad, the other 46 cases of control group were treated with the traditional spilint. Both groups were regularly taken X-ray recheck and changed dressings to obtain the clinical cicatrization. Patients were guided to do functional exercise after splints were taken off. Six weeks later all patients were evaluated the curative and radiologic effect according to Gartland-Werlley wrist score and Lidstrom grade respectively. RESULTS: According to wrist score,there were 13 cases on excellent, 34 cases on fine and 9 cases on normal in treatment group, which average score was (4.0 +/- 2.6) and the percent of wrist functional fitness was 80.6%. There were 9 cases on excellen, 19 cases on fine and 18 cases on normal in control group, which average score was (6.0 +/- 4.2) and the percent of wrist grad and 4 cases on the third grade in treatment group. There were 22 cases on the first grade, 16 cases on the second grad and 8 cases on the third grade in control group. CONCLUSION: The outcome of improved splint was better than that of traditional splint on the function and radiology for treating the comminute distal radius fracture.