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1.
PLoS One ; 15(7): e0236006, 2020.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32649724

ABSTRACT

Halophiles are relatively unexplored as potential sources of novel species. However, little is known about the culturable bacterial diversity thrive in hypersaline lakes. In this work, a total of 343 bacteria from sediment samples of Aiding Lake, China, were isolated using nine different media supplemented with 5% or 15% (w/v) NaCl. The number of species and genera of bacteria recovered from the different media varied, indicating the need to optimize the isolation conditions. The results showed an unexpected level of bacterial diversity, with four phyla (Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Rhodothermaeota), fourteen orders (Actinopolysporales, Alteromonadales, Bacillales, Balneolales, Chromatiales, Glycomycetales, Jiangellales, Micrococcales, Micromonosporales, Oceanospirillales, Pseudonocardiales, Rhizobiales, Streptomycetales, and Streptosporangiales), including 17 families, 43 genera (including two novel genera), and 71 species (including four novel species). The predominant phyla included Actinobacteria and Firmicutes and the predominant genera included Actinopolyspora, Gracilibacillus, Halomonas, Nocardiopsis, and Streptomyces. To our knowledge, this is the first time that members of phylum Rhodothermaeota were identified in sediment samples from a salt lake.


Subject(s)
Bacteria/isolation & purification , Geologic Sediments/microbiology , Bacteria/classification , Bacteria/drug effects , Bacteria/genetics , Biodiversity , China , Lakes , Phylogeny , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/classification , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , Sodium Chloride/pharmacology
2.
Eur J Clin Invest ; 49(12): e13179, 2019 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31610022

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Everolimus is an effective immunosuppressant in organ transplantation without impaired renal function. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of everolimus therapy in liver transplant recipients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted to identify the eligible studies. The quality of the included studies was assessed. The outcomes of interest were biopsy-proven acute rejection (BPAR), graft loss, death, renal function and adverse events. RESULTS: Eight trials involving 1570 participants were included. Compared to the standard exposure to calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs), the incidences of BPAR, graft loss and death were not increased in the everolimus combined with reduced CNIs group. The renal function was significantly improved after everolimus combined with reduced CNI therapy, and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated to be elevated by 5.59 (95% CI: 2.17-9.01, P = .001) as compared to the standard exposure to CNIs. The risk of any adverse event was increased by everolimus combined with reduced CNI therapy (RR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.04-1.42, P = .01) as compared to the standard exposure to CNIs. The likelihood of infection was not associated with the regimen. Any publication bias was not identified. CONCLUSIONS: Although everolimus combined with reduced CNI therapy significantly improved the renal function in liver transplant recipients, it did not influence the incidence of BPAR, graft loss and death. This regimen might be associated with an increased risk of adverse events, which needs to be elucidated further.


Subject(s)
Calcineurin Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Everolimus/therapeutic use , Graft Rejection/prevention & control , Graft Survival , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Liver Transplantation , Mortality , Drug Therapy, Combination , Humans , Renal Insufficiency/chemically induced
3.
Front Immunol ; 10: 1951, 2019.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31475012

ABSTRACT

Chinese herbal medicines used in combination have long-term been shown to be mild remedies with "integrated effects." However, our study provides the first demonstration that M1, an active metabolite of ginsenoside, exerted its dramatic therapeutic effects on accelerated and severe lupus nephritis (ASLN) mice, featuring acute renal function impairment, heavy proteinuria, high serum levels of anti-dsDNA, and high-grade, diffuse proliferative renal lesions. In the present study, NZB/WF1 mice were given injections of lipopolysaccharide to induce the ASLN model. M1 (30 mg/kg) was then administered to the mice by gavage daily, and the mice were sacrificed on week 3 and week 5 after the induction of disease. To identify the potential mechanism of action for the pure compound, levels of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs), podocytes and macrophages, and antigen-specific T cell activation in BMDCs were determined in addition to mechanistic experiments in vivo. Treatment with M1 dramatically improved renal function, albuminuria and renal lesions and reduced serum levels of anti-dsDNA in the ASLN mice. These beneficial effects with M1 treatment involved the following cellular and molecular mechanistic events: [1] inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome associated with autophagy induction, [2] modulation of T help cell activation, and [3] induction of regulatory T cell differentiation. M1 improved the ASLN mice by blunting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and differentially regulating T cell functions, and the results support M1 as a new therapeutic candidate for LN patients with a status of abrupt transformation of lower-grade (mesangial) to higher-grade (diffuse proliferative) nephritis.


Subject(s)
Ginsenosides/pharmacology , Inflammasomes/drug effects , Lupus Nephritis/drug therapy , NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/metabolism , T-Lymphocytes/drug effects , Animals , Antibodies, Antinuclear/blood , Dendritic Cells/drug effects , Dendritic Cells/metabolism , Disease Models, Animal , Female , Humans , Inflammasomes/metabolism , Kidney/drug effects , Kidney/metabolism , Kidney/physiology , Lipopolysaccharides , Lupus Nephritis/chemically induced , Lupus Nephritis/metabolism , Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects , Macrophages/drug effects , Macrophages/metabolism , Mice, Inbred NZB , Podocytes/drug effects , Podocytes/metabolism , Signal Transduction/drug effects , T-Lymphocytes/immunology , T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
4.
Med Sci Monit ; 20: 1596-603, 2014 Sep 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25196797

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Many studies have determined the correlation between the Apolipoprotein E (APO E) gene polymorphisms and diabetic nephropathy, but their results are inconclusive. MATERIAL/METHODS: With the aim to confirm this correlation, we performed a meta-analysis of 16 studies. The dichotomous data are presented as the odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: The results of our study indicate that APO ε2 allele among the pooled Asian populations were more likely to show high risk of DN development (2 allele vs. ε3 allele: pooled OR =1.629, 95% CI=1.010-2.628, P=0.045). For further analysis, the APO e2 allele was associated with progress of DN in the group with duration >10 years, but not in the group with duration <10 years (ε2 allele vs. ε3 allele: pooled OR=1.920, 95% CI=1.338-2.754, P<0.001). The APO e2 polymorphism increased the susceptibility to DN in Asian population compared with healthy people (ε2 allele vs. ε3 allele: pooled OR=1.629, 95% CI=1.010-2.628, P=0.045). CONCLUSIONS: Development of DN is associated with APO E polymorphisms in Asian populations, especially in East Asians.


Subject(s)
Apolipoproteins E/genetics , Asian People/genetics , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics , Diabetic Nephropathies/genetics , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Polymorphism, Genetic , Alleles , Case-Control Studies , Asia, Eastern/ethnology , Humans , Publication Bias
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