[Quantitative analysis of Cu in water by collinear DP-LIBS].

The purpose of this research is to study the influence of double pulse laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (DP-LIBS) on the sensitivity of Cu in water. The water solution of Cu was tested by collinear DP-LIBS in this article. The results show that spectral intensity of Cu can be enhanced obviously by DP-LIBS, compared with single pulse laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (SP-LIBS). Besides, the experimental results were significantly impacted by delay time between laser pulse and spectrometer acquisition, delay time of double laser pulse and energy of laser pulse and so on. The paper determined the best conditions for DP-LIBS detecting Cu in water. The optimal acquisition delay time was 1 380 ns. The best laser pulse delay time was 25 ns. The most appropriate energy of double laser pulse was 100 mJ. Characteristic analysis of spectra of Cu at 324.7 and 327.4 nm was done for quantitative analysis. The detection limit was 3.5 microg x mL(-1) at 324.7 nm, and the detection limit was 4.84 microg x mL(-1) at 327.4 nm. The relative standard deviation of the two characteristic spectral lines was within 10%. The calibration curve of characteristic spectral line, established by 327.4 nm, was verified with 500 microg x mL(-1) sample. Concentration of the sample was 446 microg x mL(-1) calculated by the calibration curve. This research shows that the detection sensitivity of Cu in water can be improved by DP-LIBS. At the same time, it had high stability.

[Analysis of Cr in soil by LIBS based on conical spatial confinement of plasma].

The present study is to improve the sensitivity of detection and reduce the limit of detection in detecting heavy metal of soil by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The Cr element of national standard soil was regarded as the research object. In the experiment, a conical cavity with small diameter end of 20 mm and large diameter end of 45 mm respectively was installed below the focusing lens near the experiment sample to mainly confine the signal transmitted by plasma and to some extent to confine the plasma itself in the LIBS setup. In detecting Cr I 425.44 nm, the beast delay time gained from experiment is 1.3 micros, and the relative standard deviation is below 10%. Compared with the setup of non-spatial confinement, the spectral intensity of Cr in the soil sample was enhanced more than 7%. Calibration curve was established in the Cr concentration range from 60 to 400 microg x g(-1). Under the condition of spatial confinement, the liner regression coefficient and the limit of detection were 0.997 71 and 18.85 microg x g(-1) respectively, however, the regression coefficient and the limit of detection were 0.991 22 and 36.99 microg x g(-1) without spatial confinement. So, this shows that conical spatial confinement can/improve the sensitivity of detection and enhance the spectral intensity. And it is a good auxiliary function in detecting Cr in the soil by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy.

[Experimental study on chromium in gannan navel orange by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy].

It is a relatively new task to apply the laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to fruit samples. To apply LIBS technique in the field related to analysis of trace heavy metal element in fruits samples, we have done primary experiments using Gannan navel orange samples. The authors put the samples into different concentration gradient K2Cr2O7 solution and left it for 30 hours, and then we did the LIBS experiment, discriminated characteristic spectra of chromium element and recorded the peak intensity information. Weighing three grams of sample and determined chromium concentration in the samples by atomic absorption spectrophotometer using wet digestion. The calibration curve of the line intensities versus the concentrations of the Cr element was acquired by the Origin software. The authors found that the linear correlation coefficient is 0. 981 66. The calibration curve can be used for the quantitative analysis of chromium element with an unknown concentration in Gannan navel orange. The LIBS detection limit of Cr in the solution was 11.64 mg x g(-1) from the measured calibration curve. Experiment results showed that LIBS technique is a valid means for measuring and quantitatively analyzing the content of heavy metal elements in fruit samples.

[Determination of parameter range in detecting Cu of Gannan navel orange by LIBS setup].

In order to improve the precision and sensitivity of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy device on detecting heavy metal, parameter optimization should be done. After selecting the initial delay time parameter in detecting navel orange experiment of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy device, a cell range from 1.10 to 1.30 micros of delay time containing the initial parameter was extracted and experiment on it was conducted. There are more than one peak in the curve of element line intensity and signal-to-background ratio vs the delay time in the cell range, and the peak values are higher than the initial one. Confidence interval of the delay time calculated indirectly by interval estimation in Statistics is (1.13, 1.25). The relative standard deviation decreases from 0. 103 269 548 to 0. 025 322 279 5 when the delay time adjusted from 1.20 to 1.14 micros in the confidence interval. It is suggested that parameters range of LIBS experimental device can be adjusted freely in the range while detecting measured elements so as to improve the precision and sensitivity.