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1.
PLoS One ; 19(5): e0302155, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38701096

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Lifestyle intervention remains a preferred treatment modality for NAFLD. The glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors have been developed as new glucose-lowering drugs, which can improve fatty liver via an insulin-independent glucose-lowering effect. However, studies exploring the efficacy of GLP-1 receptor agonists combined with SGLT-2 inhibitors in patients with NAFLD and T2DM are scanty. Thus, the present randomised controlled trial aims at comparing the efficacy and safety of semaglutide plus empagliflozin with each treatment alone in patients with NAFLD and T2DM. METHODS: This 52-week double-blinded, randomised, parallel-group, active-controlled trial evaluates the effects of semaglutide, empagliflozin and semaglutide + empagliflozin in 105 eligible overweight/obese subjects with NAFLD and T2DM. The primary outcome will be a change from baseline to week 52 in the controlled attenuation parameter, free fatty acid and glucagon. Secondary endpoints include changes in liver stiffness measurement, liver enzymes, blood glucose, lipid levels, renal function, electrolyte balances, minerals and bone metabolism, cytokines, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, ferritin, anthropometric indicators, nonalcoholic fatty liver fibrosis score, fibrosis 4 score and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance. In addition, intention-to-treat, interim analysis and safety analysis will be performed. DISCUSSION: This double-blinded, randomised, clinical trial involves a multi-disciplinary approach and aims to explore the synergistic effects of the combination of semaglutide and empagliflozin. The results can provide important insights into mechanisms of GLP-1 receptor agonists and/or SGLT-2 inhibitors in patients with NAFLD and T2DM. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study has been registered with Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2300070674).


Subject(s)
Benzhydryl Compounds , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Glucagon-Like Peptides , Glucosides , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease , Humans , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/drug therapy , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/complications , Glucosides/therapeutic use , Glucosides/adverse effects , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Glucagon-Like Peptides/therapeutic use , Benzhydryl Compounds/therapeutic use , Benzhydryl Compounds/adverse effects , Middle Aged , Male , Double-Blind Method , Female , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Hypoglycemic Agents/adverse effects , Adult , Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Drug Therapy, Combination , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Aged , Treatment Outcome
2.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 8436, 2024 04 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38600141

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to establish an integrated predictive model that combines clinical features, DVH, radiomics, and dosiomics features to predict RIHT in patients receiving tomotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Data from 219 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were randomly divided into a training cohort (n = 175) and a test cohort (n = 44) in an 8:2 ratio. RIHT is defined as serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) greater than 5.6 µU/mL, with or without a decrease in free thyroxine (FT4). Clinical features, 27 DVH features, 107 radiomics features and 107 dosiomics features were extracted for each case and included in the model construction. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression method was used to select the most relevant features. The eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) was then employed to train separate models using the selected features from clinical, DVH, radiomics and dosiomics data. Finally, a combined model incorporating all features was developed. The models were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and decision curve analysis. In the test cohort, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the clinical, DVH, radiomics, dosiomics and combined models were 0.798 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.656-0.941), 0.673 (0.512-0.834), 0.714 (0.555-0.873), 0.698 (0.530-0.848) and 0.842 (0.724-0.960), respectively. The combined model exhibited higher AUC values compared to other models. The decision curve analysis demonstrated that the combined model had superior clinical utility within the threshold probability range of 1% to 79% when compared to the other models. This study has successfully developed a predictive model that combines multiple features. The performance of the combined model is superior to that of single-feature models, allowing for early prediction of RIHT in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma after tomotherapy.


Subject(s)
Hypothyroidism , Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms , Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated , Humans , Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma/radiotherapy , Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated/adverse effects , Machine Learning , Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Retrospective Studies
3.
Waste Manag ; 174: 597-604, 2024 Feb 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38145587

ABSTRACT

Sorting Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) has helped promote the awareness of sustainable development of environment. A robot equipped with an intelligent deep learning (DL) detection algorithm have been proposed to improve the sorting task. But most of the related studies aimed to better the DL algorithms on MSW detection, and few studies integrated the DL algorithms with a robot to identify the dominated factors to Intelligent MSW Sorter (IMSWS). Therefore, this study is to develop IMSWS prototype to better sort MSW, based on the pick-and-place process, and preliminarily evaluate the dominated factors. First, the delta robot prototype was manufactured, and IMSWS was performed with a camera to acquire the RGB image and the height of a MSW in the conveyor belt. The DL algorithm, YOLOv3 or YOLOv4, detected the type and plane location of the MSWs in the conveyor belt. Next, the sequence program transferred the valid MSW data to the delta robot. After the calculation of the absorbed location of the target MSW was made, the arm of this delta robot moved to absorb and then transfer the MSW to the bin. Results showed that the IMSWS prototype could sort the multi-object MSWs in the MSW stream. Both YOLOv3 and YOLOv4 reached high detection accuracy on the MSW image dataset. However, the improvement should be made in the actually moving MSW stream even though the YOLOv4 performed the acceptable detection accuracy. The gripping stability of the arm mainly dominated the performance of IMSWS, and this should be improved first.


Subject(s)
Refuse Disposal , Waste Management , Solid Waste/analysis , Refuse Disposal/methods , Algorithms , Waste Management/methods
4.
Polymers (Basel) ; 15(16)2023 Aug 17.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37631495

ABSTRACT

Flexible electrochemical supercapacitors (FESCs) are emerging as innovative energy storage systems, characterized by their stable performance, long cycle life, and portability/foldability. Crucial components of FESCs, such as electrodes and efficient electrolytes, have become the focus of extensive research. Herein, we examine deep eutectic solvent (DES)-based polymer gel systems for their cost-effective accessibility, simple synthesis, excellent biocompatibility, and exceptional thermal and electrochemical stability. We used a mixture a DES, LiClO4-2-Oxazolidinone as the electroactive species, and a polymer, either polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or polyacrylamide (PAAM) as a redox additive/plasticizer. This combination facilitates a unique ion-transport process, enhancing the overall electrochemical performance of the polymer gel electrolyte. We manufactured and used LiClO4-2-Oxazolidinone (LO), polyvinyl alcohol-LiClO4-2-Oxazolidinone (PVA-LO), and polyacrylamide-LiClO4-2-Oxazolidinone (PAAM-LO) electrolytes to synthesize an MnO2 symmetric FESC. To evaluate their performance, we analyzed the MnO2 symmetric FESC using various electrolytes with cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The FESC featuring the PVA-LO electrolyte demonstrated superior electrochemical and mechanical performances. This solid-state MnO2 symmetric FESC exhibited a specific capacitance of 121.6 F/g within a potential window of 2.4 V. Due to the excellent ionic conductivity and the wide electrochemical operating voltage range of the PVA-LO electrolyte, a high energy density of 97.3 Wh/kg at 1200 W/kg, and a long-lasting energy storage system (89.7% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles of GCD at 2 A/g) are feasibly achieved. For practical applications, we employed the MnO2 symmetric FESCs with the PVA-LO electrolyte to power a digital watch and a light-emitting diode, further demonstrating their real-world utility.

5.
BMJ Open ; 13(3): e061807, 2023 03 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36882248

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety between and within glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is) in overweight or obese adults with or without diabetes mellitus. METHODS: PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials database were comprehensively searched to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of effects of GLP-1RAs and SGLT-2is in overweight or obese participants from inception to 16 January 2022. The efficacy outcomes were the changes of body weight, glucose level and blood pressure. The safety outcomes were serious adverse events and discontinuation due to adverse events. The mean differences, ORs, 95% credible intervals (95% CI), the surface under the cumulative ranking were evaluated for each outcome by network meta-analysis. RESULTS: Sixty-one RCTs were included in our analysis. Both GLP-1RAs and SGLT-2is conferred greater extents in body weight reduction, achieving at least 5% wt loss, HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose decrease compared with placebo. GLP-1RAs was superior to SGLT-2is in HbA1c reduction (MD: -0.39%, 95% CI -0.70 to -0.08). GLP-1RAs had high risk of adverse events, while SGLT-2is were relatively safe. Based on intraclass comparison, semaglutide 2.4 mg was among the most effective interventions in losing body weight (MD: -11.51 kg, 95% CI -12.83 to -10.21), decreasing HbA1c (MD: -1.49%, 95% CI -2.07 to -0.92) and fasting plasma glucose (MD: -2.15 mmol/L, 95% CI -2.83 to -1.59), reducing systolic blood pressure (MD: -4.89 mm Hg, 95% CI -6.04 to -3.71) and diastolic blood pressure (MD: -1.59 mm Hg, 95% CI -2.37 to -0.86) with moderate certainty evidences, while it was associated with high risk of adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Semaglutide 2.4 mg showed the greatest effects on losing body weight, controlling glycaemic level and reducing blood pressure while it was associated with high risk of adverse events.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021258103.


Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus , Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor , Obesity , Overweight , Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors , Adult , Humans , Blood Glucose , Body Weight , Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor/agonists , Glycated Hemoglobin , Network Meta-Analysis , Obesity/complications , Obesity/drug therapy , Overweight/complications , Overweight/drug therapy , Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Weight Loss
6.
Int J Mol Sci ; 23(23)2022 Nov 22.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36498839

ABSTRACT

When WWOX is downregulated in middle age, aggregation of a protein cascade, including TRAPPC6AΔ (TPC6AΔ), TIAF1, and SH3GLB2, may start to occur, and the event lasts more than 30 years, which results in amyloid precursor protein (APP) degradation, amyloid beta (Aß) generation, and neurodegeneration, as shown in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, by treating neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells with neurotoxin MPP+, upregulation and aggregation of TPC6AΔ, along with aggregation of TIAF1, SH3GLB2, Aß, and tau, occurred. MPP+ is an inducer of Parkinson's disease (PD), suggesting that TPC6AΔ is a common initiator for AD and PD pathogenesis. Zfra, a 31-amino-acid zinc finger-like WWOX-binding protein, is known to restore memory deficits in 9-month-old triple-transgenic (3xTg) mice by blocking the aggregation of TPC6AΔ, SH3GLB2, tau, and amyloid ß, as well as inflammatory NF-κB activation. The Zfra4-10 peptide exerted a strong potency in preventing memory loss during the aging of 3-month-old 3xTg mice up to 9 months, as determined by a novel object recognition task (ORT) and Morris water maize analysis. Compared to age-matched wild type mice, 11-month-old Wwox heterozygous mice exhibited memory loss, and this correlates with pT12-WWOX aggregation in the cortex. Together, aggregation of pT12-WWOX may link to TPC6AΔ aggregation for AD progression, with TPC6AΔ aggregation being a common initiator for AD and PD progression.


Subject(s)
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing , Alzheimer Disease , Amyloid beta-Peptides , Parkinson Disease , Animals , Mice , Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism , Alzheimer Disease/metabolism , Amyloid beta-Peptides/genetics , Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism , Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/metabolism , Disease Models, Animal , Memory Disorders , Mice, Transgenic , Signal Transduction , tau Proteins/metabolism , Parkinson Disease/metabolism
7.
Eur J Med Chem ; 243: 114728, 2022 Dec 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36084534

ABSTRACT

Currently, there is a significant unmet need for novel analgesics with fewer side effects. In this study, we carried out structural modification of a hit compound previously identified in an artificial-intelligence (AI) virtual screening and discovered the potent analgesic, benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide analog (compound 25) with new structural scaffold. We investigated the signaling pathways of opioid receptors mediated by compound 25, and found this racemic compound activated mu-opioid receptor through the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and ß-arrestin-2-mediated pathways with strong potency and efficacy, and accompanying nociceptin-orphanin FQ opioid peptide and delta-opioid receptors through the cAMP pathway with weak potencies. Compound 25 elicited potent antinociception in thermal-stimulated pain (ED50 value of 127.1 ± 34.65 µg/kg) and inflammatory-induced allodynia models with less gastrointestinal transit inhibition and antinociceptive tolerance than morphine. Overall, this study revealed a novel analgesic with reduced risks of side effects.


Subject(s)
Analgesics, Opioid , Thiophenes , Humans , Thiophenes/pharmacology , Thiophenes/therapeutic use , Analgesics, Opioid/adverse effects , Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists , Receptors, Opioid/agonists , Opioid Peptides , Morphine/pharmacology , Analgesics/pharmacology , Analgesics/therapeutic use , Analgesics/chemistry , Constipation/chemically induced , Constipation/drug therapy
8.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi ; 47(10): 2705-2711, 2022 May.
Article in Chinese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35718490

ABSTRACT

This study was designed to explore the effect and mechanism of Gegen Qinlian Decoction(GQD) on cardiac function of diabetic mice with damp-heat syndrome. The db/db diabetic mice were exposed to the damp-heat environment test chamber for inducing the damp-heat syndrome. Forty-eight six-week-old db/db mice were randomly divided into six groups, namely the db/db diabetic model group, db/db diabetic mouse with damp-heat syndrome(db/db-dh) group, db/db diabetic mouse with damp-heat syndrome treated with low-dose GQD(db/db-dh+GQD-L) group, db/db-dh+GQD-M(medium-dose) group, db/db-dh+GQD-H(high-dose) group, and db/db-dh+lipro(liprostatin-1, the inhibitor of ferroptosis) group, with eight six-week-old db/m mice classified into the control group. The results showed that mice presented with the damp-heat syndrome after exposure to the "high-fat diet" and "damp-heat environment", manifested as the elevated fasting blood glucose, reduced food intake, low urine output, diarrhea, listlessness, loose and coarse hair, and dark yellow and lusterless fur. However, the intragastric administration of the high-dose GQD for 10 weeks ameliorated the above-mentioned symptoms, inhibited myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis, and improved the cardiac diastolic function of db/db-dh mice. qPCR suggested that GQD regulated the expression of ferroptosis-related genes, weakened the lipid peroxidation in the myocardium, and up-regulated glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4) expression in comparison with those in the db/db-dh group. At the same time, the ferroptosis inhibitor liprostatin-1 significantly improved the cardiac function and reversed the cardiac remodeling of db/db-dh mice. It can be concluded that the damp-heat syndrome may aggravate myocardial ferroptosis and accelerate cardiac remodeling of db/db mice, thus leading to diastolic dysfunction. GQD is able to improve cardiac remodeling and diastolic function in diabetic mice with damp-heat syndrome, which may be related to its inhibition of myocardial ferroptosis.


Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental , Hyperglycemia , Animals , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Hot Temperature , Hyperglycemia/drug therapy , Mice , Ventricular Remodeling
9.
Environ Res ; 206: 112610, 2022 04 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34953885

ABSTRACT

To not only optimize the hyper-parameters of the classification layer of dense convolutional network with 201 convolutional layers (DenseNet-201) but also use data augmentation processes could enhance the performance of DenseNet-201, and DenseNet-201 is rarely applied to the identifications of the environmental microorganism (EM) images. Hence, this study was to propose the optimally fine-tuned DenseNet-201 (OFTD) with data augmentation to better classify the EM images on Environmental Microorganism Dataset (EMDS). The training dataset was composed of 70% Environmental Microorganism Dataset (EMDS) images and so was mainly used to fit the parameters of convolutional layers of optimally fine-tuned DenseNet-201 (OFTD). Meanwhile, the other EMDS images were considered as the testing dataset and used to qualify the performance of the OFTD. Also, gradient-weighted class activation mapping method (Grad-CAM) was adopted to visually illustrate the dominant features of the EM images. Based on the results, the OFTD model with data augmentation achieved the highest classification accuracy of 98.4%. In this case, so its stability and accuracy were guaranteed. Besides, the optimally fine-tuned classification layer is considered a more efficient method than the data augmentation technique adopted in this study when it comes to the improvement of the performance in DenseNet-201 implemented on EMDS. Grad-CAM highlighted the coarse EM features identified effectively by the OFTD; for example, foot and stalk were considered as the dominated features of Rotifera and Vorticella, respectively. In summary, the proposed OFTD with data augmentation could provide an efficient solution for the EM detection in digital microscope.


Subject(s)
Neural Networks, Computer
10.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int ; 28(24): 31920-31932, 2021 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33619619

ABSTRACT

Rapid environmental microorganism (EM) classification under microscopic images would help considerably identify water quality. Because of the development of artificial intelligence, a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) has become a major solution for image classification. Three popular CNNs, referred to as ResNet50, Vgg16, and Inception-v3, were transferred to identify the EM images present on the Environmental Microorganism Dataset (EMDS), and EMAD was the small dataset, which only has 294 EM images with 21 EM classes. Besides data augmentation, optimizing the fully connected layer of CNN, i.e., both optimally fine-tuned neuron number and dropout rate, was adopted to enhance the performance produced by CNN. The discussions on the causes of the accuracy improved by optimization are also provided. The results showed that the Inception-v3 model obtained 84.9% of the accuracy and performed better than the other two famous CNNs. Also, the implement of data augmentation enhanced the performance of Inception-v3 on EMDS. To add to that, the optimized Inception-v3 model archived 90.5% of the accuracy, and this result demonstrated the improvement effect obtained by using genetic algorithm (GA) to optimize the fully connected layer of the Inception-v3. Therefore, the optimize Inception-v3 with data augmentation process obtained the accuracy of 92.9% and improved almost 21% higher than that obtained from the famous Vgg16. In addition, the optimized Inception-v3 would need less neurons, when compared with that of the optimized Vgg16 possibly. This optimized Inception-v3 could provide a solution to the EM classification in microscope with a digital camera system.


Subject(s)
Deep Learning , Artificial Intelligence , Microscopy , Neural Networks, Computer
11.
Nat Commun ; 11(1): 1229, 2020 03 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32144274

ABSTRACT

Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) explains many intracellular activities, but its role in extracellular functions has not been studied to the same extent. Here we report how LLPS mediates the extracellular function of galectin-3, the only monomeric member of the galectin family. The mechanism through which galectin-3 agglutinates (acting as a "bridge" to aggregate glycosylated molecules) is largely unknown. Our data show that its N-terminal domain (NTD) undergoes LLPS driven by interactions between its aromatic residues (two tryptophans and 10 tyrosines). Our lipopolysaccharide (LPS) micelle model shows that the NTDs form multiple weak interactions to other galectin-3 and then aggregate LPS micelles. Aggregation is reversed when interactions between the LPS and the carbohydrate recognition domains are blocked by lactose. The proposed mechanism explains many of galectin-3's functions and suggests that the aromatic residues in the NTD are interesting drug design targets.


Subject(s)
Agglutination , Galectin 3/metabolism , Intrinsically Disordered Proteins/metabolism , Protein Aggregates , Blood Proteins , Galectins , Glycosylation , Lipopolysaccharides/metabolism , Micelles , Protein Domains
12.
Sci Rep ; 9(1): 11713, 2019 08 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31406128

ABSTRACT

Fat embolism (FE) is a lethal medical emergency often caused by fracture of long bones and amputation of limbs. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promotes angiogenesis and increases vascular permeability. We tested the hypothesis that VEGF plays a critical role in FE-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and acute lung injury (ALI). Fat tissues were collected from male Sprague-Dawley rats, and animal oil was extracted and mixed with water to form fatty micelles. The micelles were then injected into the tail vein to produce FE and ALI in rats. Lung weight gain was measured as the index of pulmonary edema. The expression of pulmonary VEGF was evaluated by real-time PCR and western blot analysis. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were determined by western blot analyses. Interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) was quantified by ELISAs. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to evaluate the pathological damage of ALI. In this study, we found that animal oil-induced FE significantly increased pulmonary VEGF expression and MAPK phosphorylation. We also evaluated the inflammatory response after FE and found that iNOS and IL-1ß significantly increased after FE. Systemic administration of SU-1498, an antagonist of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2), significantly attenuated the FE-induced inflammatory response and histological damage. This study suggested that VEGF is involved in FE-induced ARDS via the VEGFR-2 and MAPK cascades, which induce IL-1ß release and iNOS upregulation. Blockade of could be used to treat FE-induced pulmonary damage.


Subject(s)
Acute Lung Injury/genetics , Embolism, Fat/genetics , Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics , Pulmonary Edema/genetics , Respiratory Distress Syndrome/genetics , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/genetics , Acute Lung Injury/etiology , Acute Lung Injury/metabolism , Acute Lung Injury/physiopathology , Animals , Embolism, Fat/complications , Embolism, Fat/metabolism , Embolism, Fat/physiopathology , Gene Expression Regulation , Interleukin-1beta/genetics , Interleukin-1beta/metabolism , Lung/pathology , Male , Micelles , Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/genetics , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism , Phosphorylation , Pulmonary Edema/etiology , Pulmonary Edema/metabolism , Pulmonary Edema/physiopathology , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Respiratory Distress Syndrome/etiology , Respiratory Distress Syndrome/metabolism , Respiratory Distress Syndrome/physiopathology , Signal Transduction , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/metabolism
13.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces ; 11(33): 29838-29848, 2019 Aug 21.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31356047

ABSTRACT

A 3D network composed of V2O5 nanofibers was manufactured on a novel conductive printing paper [urea-LiClO4-PVA (ULP) deep eutectic solvent gel-doped graphite/printing paper, U-paper] for use as electrodes linked with a ULP neutral gel electrolyte for 3D network V2O5 wearable symmetric pseudocapacitors (WSSCs). The function of the ULP gel is not only that it can be doped into the conductive ink to decrease the resistance of the conductive printing paper but also that it increases the stability of V2O5-based electrodes. Moreover, 3D network V2O5 WSSCs containing the ULP gel can support high operating voltages of 4.0 V with great specific capacitance (160 F/g) and offer a high energy density (355 W h/kg at 0.2 kW/kg). The 3D network V2O5 WSSCs exhibit a superior cycling stability/durability after 5000 cycles (capacitance retention of ∼91%). Operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy experiments show the reversibility and pseudocapacitive properties of V2O5 from the ULP gel and offer the information of the oxidation states of vanadium during charge-discharge cycles. The 3D network V2O5 WSSCs with the ULP gel electrolyte show great potential prospective candidates for smarter 3D wearable energy-storage devices and Internet-of-Things applications.

14.
J Sci Food Agric ; 99(7): 3467-3474, 2019 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30623439

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The marketability of banana is limited by the rapid rate of ripening. However, the traditional post-harvest technologies may not be desirable. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of a reusable material for the food preservation industry. RESULTS: The nanocomposite-based palladium (Pd)-modified zeolite (Pd/zeolite) was prepared by impregnating Pd into zeolite. Pd/zeolite had a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller dinitrogen specific surface area of 475 m2 g-1 with crystal structure similar to Y-zeolite. Transmission electron microscopy images showed the dispersion of Pd particles over the multi-pore zeolite support. Pd/zeolite uniquely acted as an adsorbent and a catalyst and was able to remove ethylene even after reaching breakthrough point. To prove Pd/zeolite is reusable, a 99 ± 0.8% ethylene removal efficiency still remained even after five consecutive cycles with repeated use of Pd/zeolite. The presence of Pd/zeolite significantly decreased the ethylene concentration during 18 days of storage at 20 ± 2 °C. CONCLUSIONS: Pd/zeolite could delay the ripening of banana and improve its firmness and the peel color significantly. Findings indicated that the as-prepared Pd/zeolite is an effective adsorbent/catalyst with high potential for practical application in ethylene removal, especially for the post-harvest period. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.


Subject(s)
Food Preservation/methods , Food Preservatives/pharmacology , Musa/chemistry , Palladium/pharmacology , Zeolites/pharmacology , Catalysis , Ethylenes/analysis , Food Preservation/instrumentation , Food Preservatives/chemistry , Fruit/chemistry , Palladium/chemistry , Zeolites/chemistry
15.
Int J Biometeorol ; 62(11): 1987-1994, 2018 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30155641

ABSTRACT

An efficient urban environmental design considers appropriate thermal comfort condition, shaded space, and activity intensity. Physiologically equivalent temperature (PET) and visible sky, i.e., the sky view factor (SVF), are usually used as indicators to determine the outdoor thermal comfort and amount of shaded space, respectively. The activity intensity in urban parks, which is dependent on culture and micrometeorological conditions, was represented inappropriately by attendance density in Taiwan. To optimize the park design and improve the park utilization rate in Taiwan, several environmental factors such as sound pressure levels and numbers of park visitors were measured, and PET values and SVF values were calculated from primary micrometeorological data such as wind speed and globe temperature. This study proposed equivalent continuous sound pressure level (Leq) as a novel indicator to represent park activity intensity and investigated the correlation between Leq and SVF at different PET values. Leq was more appropriate than was attendance density in representing the park activity intensity in Taiwan. In addition, Leq was highly negatively correlated with SVF when visitors felt that the outdoor thermal comfort condition was hot or very hot. In other words, a lower degree of shading in the park resulted in lower activity intensity. Park visitors tended to engage in activities in the shaded regions because of more favorable thermal comfort conditions (i.e., neutral PET). The established quantitative relationships among Leq, PET, and SVF can serve as a reference for park planning.


Subject(s)
Environment Design , Parks, Recreational , Temperature , Wind , Humans , Taiwan , Thermosensing
16.
Ophthalmic Epidemiol ; 25(4): 323-329, 2018 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29726724

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To study the incidence and epidemiology of Behcet's disease in Taiwan. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study was conducted using the nationwide reimbursement database in Taiwan. One million registered beneficiaries of the Taiwan National Health Insurance system in 2000 were randomly selected. All medical claims of these persons were collected. The definition of having Behcet's disease was based on diagnostic codes. Persons who had incomplete registry data or diagnoses prior to 2001 were excluded. Annual incidence between 2001 and 2011 was calculated and risk factors for incidence were explored using the Cox proportional regression model. Characteristics of patients with Behcet's disease with and without uveitis were compared. RESULTS: A total of 236 newly diagnosed patients with Behcet's disease were found between 2001 and 2011. The average incidence was 2.40 cases per 100,000 person-years (ranging from 1.29 to 3.53). Female patients and those aged between 40 and 65 years were at the highest risk of Behcet's disease. Only 18.2% of the patients had also suffered from uveitis. The subspecialties of doctors making initial diagnoses and the number of prescribed immunomodulatory agents differed significantly between the patients with and without uveitis (p < 0.001 and <0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION: Incidence of Behcet's disease was not high in Taiwan and relatively few of the patients developed uveitis. Patients of working age or who were female were more likely to have Behcet's disease. However, age of onset and clinical severity differed between patients with and without uveitis.


Subject(s)
Behcet Syndrome/epidemiology , Risk Assessment/methods , Adolescent , Adult , Age Distribution , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Incidence , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Sex Distribution , Taiwan/epidemiology , Young Adult
17.
Alzheimers Dement (N Y) ; 3(2): 189-204, 2017 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29067327

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Zinc finger-like protein that regulates apoptosis (Zfra) is a naturally occurring 31-amino-acid protein. Synthetic peptides Zfra1-31 and Zfra4-10 are known to effectively block the growth of many types of cancer cells. METHODS: Ten-month-old triple-transgenic (3×Tg) mice for Alzheimer's disease (AD) received synthetic Zfra peptides via tail vein injections, followed by examining restoration of memory deficits. RESULTS: Zfra significantly downregulated TRAPPC6AΔ, SH3GLB2, tau, and amyloid ß (Αß) aggregates in the brains of 3×Tg mice and effectively restored their memory capabilities. Zfra inhibited melanoma-induced neuronal death in the hippocampus and plaque formation in the cortex. Mechanistically, Zfra blocked the aggregation of amyloid ß 42 and many serine-containing peptides in vitro, suppressed tumor necrosis factor-mediated NF-κB activation, and bound cytosolic proteins for accelerating their degradation in ubiquitin/proteasome-independent manner. DISCUSSION: Zfra peptides exhibit a strong efficacy in blocking tau aggregation and amyloid Αß formation and restore memory deficits in 3×Tg mice, suggesting its potential for treatment of AD.

18.
J Biol Chem ; 292(43): 17845-17856, 2017 10 27.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28893908

ABSTRACT

Galectins are a family of lectins that bind ß-galactosides through their conserved carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) and can induce aggregation with glycoproteins or glycolipids on the cell surface and thereby regulate cell activation, migration, adhesion, and signaling. Galectin-3 has an intrinsically disordered N-terminal domain and a canonical CRD. Unlike the other 14 known galectins in mammalian cells, which have dimeric or tandem-repeated CRDs enabling multivalency for various functions, galectin-3 is monomeric, and its functional multivalency therefore is somewhat of a mystery. Here, we used NMR spectroscopy, mutagenesis, small-angle X-ray scattering, and computational modeling to study the self-association-related multivalency of galectin-3 at the residue-specific level. We show that the disordered N-terminal domain (residues ∼20-100) interacts with itself and with a part of the CRD not involved in carbohydrate recognition (ß-strands 7-9; residues ∼200-220), forming a fuzzy complex via inter- and intramolecular interactions, mainly through hydrophobicity. These fuzzy interactions are characteristic of intrinsically disordered proteins to achieve liquid-liquid phase separation, and we demonstrated that galectin-3 can also undergo liquid-liquid phase separation. We propose that galectin-3 may achieve multivalency through this multisite self-association mechanism facilitated by fuzzy interactions.


Subject(s)
Galectin 3/chemistry , Intrinsically Disordered Proteins/chemistry , Blood Proteins , Galectin 3/genetics , Galectin 3/metabolism , Galectins , Humans , Intrinsically Disordered Proteins/genetics , Intrinsically Disordered Proteins/metabolism , Protein Domains , X-Ray Diffraction
19.
Bioengineered ; 8(1): 29-35, 2017 Jan 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27689864

ABSTRACT

In this study, the control of magnetic fields to manipulate surface-functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticles by urokinase coating is investigated for thrombolysis in a microfluidic channel. The urokinase-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles are characterized using particle size distribution, zeta potential measurement and spectroscopic data. Thrombolytic ratio tests reveal that the efficiency for thrombus cleaning is significantly improved when using magnetically-controlled urokinase-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles than pure urokinase solution. The average increase in the rate of thrombolysis with the use of urokinase-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles is about 50%. In vitro thrombolysis test in a microfluidic channel using the coated nanoparticles shows nearly complete removal of thrombus, a result that can be attributed to the clot busting effect of the urokinase as it inhibits the possible formation of blood bolus during the magnetically-activated microablation process. The experiment further demonstrates that a thrombus mass of 10.32 mg in the microchannel is fully removed in about 180 s.


Subject(s)
Ferrosoferric Oxide/chemistry , Nanoparticles/chemistry , Thrombolytic Therapy/methods , Thrombosis/drug therapy , Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator/pharmacology , Coated Materials, Biocompatible/chemistry , Drug Delivery Systems , Enzymes, Immobilized/chemistry , Enzymes, Immobilized/pharmacology , Humans , Microfluidics , Models, Theoretical , Particle Size , Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator/chemistry
20.
PLoS One ; 11(8): e0161976, 2016.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27575616

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: This study compares heart rate variability (HRV) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) changes of spinal cord injury (SCI) patients during urodynamic study (UDS) with able-bodied controls. METHODS: Twenty four complete suprasacral SCI patients (12 tetraplegia and 12 paraplegia) and 12 age-matched able-bodied volunteers received BP and HRV evaluation throughout urodynamic examination. We chose seven time points during the examinations: resting, Foley catheter insertion, start of infusion, and infused volume reaching 1/4, 2/4, 3/4 and 4/4 of maximal capacity. At each time point, electrocardiogram with a duration of 5 min was used for power spectral density analysis of HRV. RESULTS: Only control subjects displayed significant elevation of SBP during Foley catheter insertion compared to resting values. Both control and tetraplegic groups experienced significant elevation of SBP at maximal bladder capacity compared to resting values. Tetraplegic values were also significantly greater than the other two groups. Control subjects displayed significant elevation of low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF) ratios during Foley catheter insertion and when approaching maximum bladder capacity. These findings were not seen in the paraplegic and tetraplegic groups. However, subgroup analysis of tetraplegic subjects with SBP elevation >50 mmHg demonstrated a similar LF/HF response to the able-bodied controls. CONCLUSION: Tetraplegic patients experienced BP elevation but did not experience significant changes in HRV during bladder distension. This finding may imply that different neurological pathways contribute to AD reaction and HRV changes during bladder distension. However, profound AD during UDS in tetraplegic patients was associated with corresponding changes in HRV. Whether HRV monitoring would be beneficial in SCI patients presenting with significant AD, it needs further studies to elucidate.


Subject(s)
Autonomic Nervous System/physiopathology , Blood Pressure/physiology , Heart/physiology , Spinal Cord Injuries/complications , Adult , Case-Control Studies , Electrocardiography , Female , Heart Rate , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Spinal Cord Injuries/physiopathology , Urodynamics , Young Adult
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