Nomogram for Risk of Secondary Venous Thromboembolism in Stroke Patients: A Study Based on the MIMIC-IV Database.

This study aims to identify risk factors for secondary venous thromboembolism (VTE) in stroke patients and establish a nomogram, an accurate predictor of probability of VTE occurrence during hospitalization in stroke patients. Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database of critical care medicine was utilized to retrieve information of stroke patients admitted to the hospital between 2008 and 2019. Patients were randomly allocated into train set and test set at 7:3. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent risk factors for secondary VTE in stroke patients. A predictive nomogram model was constructed, and the predictive ability of the nomogram was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA). This study included 266 stroke patients, with 26 patients suffering secondary VTE after stroke. A nomogram for predicting risk of secondary VTE in stroke patients was built according to pulmonary infection, partial thromboplastin time (PTT), log-formed D-dimer, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH). Area under the curve (AUC) of the predictive model nomogram was 0.880 and 0.878 in the train and test sets, respectively. The calibration curve was near the diagonal, and DCA curve presented positive net benefit. This indicates the model's good predictive performance and clinical utility. The nomogram effectively predicts the risk probability of secondary VTE in stroke patients, aiding clinicians in early identification and personalized treatment of stroke patients at risk of developing secondary VTE.

Association between personality types and low anterior resection syndrome in rectal cancer patients following surgery.

PURPOSE: Low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) has had many impacts on the lives of patients and substantial differences in emotional and social functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation analysis of different personality traits in rectal cancer patients with LARS after undergoing curative surgery. METHODS: This study was designed as a prospective cohort study. The inclusion criteria included (1) participants diagnosed with rectal cancer who underwent surgical resection of malignant tumors and (2) ECOG 0-1. The primary outcome was the correlation between different personality traits and low anterior resection syndrome in rectal cancer patients after radical surgery. Low anterior resection syndrome incidence rates were estimated by questionnaires and personality groups by the Type A and Type D Scale-14 Personality Inventory. RESULTS: For all 161 participants in this study, the presence of a tumor at the lower anal verge and the receipt of neoadjuvant CCRT had a statistically significant positive correlation with the LARS score at 1 month, 6 months, and 1 year (Pearson correlation coefficient = -0.283, -0.374, and - 0.205, respectively), with a p value of less than 0.05. Personalities with Type A, Type D, and Type D-SI scores had a statistically significant positive correlation with LARS score at 1 month (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.172, 0.162, and 0,164, p value = 0.03, 0.04, and 0.04). CONCLUSION: Type A and Type D personalities are highly linked to LARS. Personalized support approaches can ultimately assist rectal cancer patients in overcoming difficulties after surgery and recovery and enhance their functional outcomes.

Induction of chromosome-specific micronuclei and chromothripsis by centromere inactivation.

Chromothripsis describes the catastrophic fragmentation of individual chromosomes followed by its haphazard reassembly into a derivative chromosome harboring complex rearrangements. This process can be initiated by mitotic cell division errors when one or more chromosomes aberrantly mis-segregate into micronuclei and acquire extensive DNA damage. Approaches to induce the formation of micronuclei encapsulating random chromosomes have been used; however, the eventual reincorporation of the micronucleated chromosome into daughter cell nuclei poses a challenge in tracking the chromosome for multiple cell cycles. Here we outline an approach to genetically engineer stable human cell lines capable of efficient chromosome-specific micronuclei induction. This strategy, which targets the CENP-B-deficient Y chromosome centromere for inactivation, allows the stepwise process of chromothripsis to be experimentally recapitulated, including the mechanisms and timing of chromosome fragmentation. Lastly, we describe the integration of a selection marker onto the micronucleated Y chromosome that enables the diverse genomic rearrangement landscape arising from micronuclei formation to be interrogated.

Distinct Co-occurring Morning and Evening Fatigue Profiles in Patients With Gastrointestinal Cancers Receiving Chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Patients with gastrointestinal cancers experience diurnal variations in fatigue severity during chemotherapy that decrease their functional status and quality of life. OBJECTIVES: Study purposes were to identify subgroups of patients with distinct co-occurring morning and evening fatigue profiles and evaluate for differences among these subgroups in demographic, clinical, stress, and symptom characteristics. METHODS: Patients with gastrointestinal cancers (n = 405) completed questionnaires 6 times over 2 cycles of chemotherapy. The Lee Fatigue Scale was used to evaluate diurnal variations in fatigue severity. Latent profile analysis was used to identify subgroups of patients with distinct co-occurring morning AND evening fatigue profiles. Differences among the subgroups in demographic, clinical, stress, and symptom characteristics at enrollment were evaluated using parametric and nonparametric analyses. RESULTS: Two classes were identified, namely: low morning and moderate evening fatigue (ie, Low-Moderate, 60.0%) and high morning and high evening fatigue (ie, Both High, 40.0%). Compared with the Low-Moderate class, the Both High class was significantly younger, female, unmarried, and unemployed and lacked regular exercise. In addition, they had childcare responsibilities, lower annual income, lower functional status, higher comorbidity burden, and self-reported anemia and depression. Patients in the Both High class reported higher levels of anxiety, depressive symptoms, sleep disturbance, pain, and stress, and lower levels of energy and cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS: Findings provide new insights into the risk factors for higher levels of co-occurring morning and evening fatigue in patients with gastrointestinal cancers. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Clinicians can use this information to identify high-risk patients and develop personalized symptom management interventions.

The Impact of Carotid Endarterectomy on Choriocapillaris Perfusion.

Purpose: The impact of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) on choriocapillaris (CC) perfusion was investigated using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) imaging before and after surgery in patients with clinically significant carotid artery stenosis (CAS). Methods: In this prospective observational study, patients with clinically significant CAS undergoing unilateral CEA had SS-OCTA imaging performed in both eyes before and within 1 week after surgery. The percent CC flow deficits (CC FD%) and CC thickness were assessed using previously validated algorithms. Multivariable regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of variables on the change in CC measurements. Results: A total of 112 eyes from 56 patients with an average age of 72.6 ± 6.9 years were enrolled. At baseline, significantly higher CC FD% and thinner CC thickness were observed on the surgical side (eyes ipsilateral to the side of CEA) versus the nonsurgical side (eyes contralateral to the side of CEA) (P = 0.001 and P = 0.03, respectively). Following CEA, a significant reduction in CC FD% and a significant increase in CC thickness were detected on the surgical as compared with the nonsurgical side (P = 0.008 and P = 0.01, respectively). Smoking status positively affected CC FD% change (coefficient of variation [CV] = 0.84, P = 0.01) on the surgical side and negatively affected CC thickness change on both the surgical side (CV = -0.382, P = 0.009) and the nonsurgical side (CV = -0.321, P = 0.04). The degree of stenosis demonstrated a positive influence on CC FD% change (CV = 0.040, P = 0.02) on the surgical side. Conclusions: Unilateral CEA on the side of clinically significant CAS increases carotid blood flow, which further results in improved CC perfusion.

Intersectionality in nursing research: A scoping review.

Background: An intersectional approach to health research provides an analytical foundation to explain the multidimensionality of health status, resource accessibility, privilege, oppression, and current and historical context. The use of intersectionality in health research has known limitations. Its use in health-related fields too often focuses on outcomes, such as health disparities, rather than processes, such as power structures and social determinants. Objective: This scoping review serves to examine how intersectionality has been implemented by nurses in the peer-reviewed literature. We offer insight into how it may be incorporated to inform future nursing research and healthcare provision. Design & Methods: Systematic searches of PubMed (n = 257), SCOPUS (n = 807), EMBASE (n = 396), CINAHL (n = 224), and Health Source: Nursing and Academics (n = 491), published since the seminal publication on intersectionality (1989 - 2023), identified 131 research articles that met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data extraction and synthesis were used to describe the breadth and depth of the literature specific to the application of intersectionality in nursing research. Results: The included studies used intersectionality to examine the intersections of numerous identities, such as race, gender, and immigration status. However, most studies were descriptive/observational in nature, underreported their methods, and conducted deficit-based research instead of strength-based inquiries. Of note, the vast majority of included articles were published within the last five years. Conclusions: Future researchers using intersectionality as a framework can improve their approach by reporting clear definitions and operationalization of intersectionality. Observational science dominated the included studies; future research should focus on intervention development and evaluation using an intersectional lens. Lastly, caution should be placed on research that focuses solely on deficits among marginalized communities, which places scientists at risk of perpetuating stereotypes or enhancing already-existing stigmas.

Associations of differentially expressed genes with psychoneurological symptoms in patients with head and neck cancer: A longitudinal study.

OBJECTIVE: Patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) experience psychoneurological symptoms (PNS, i.e., depression, fatigue, sleep disturbance, pain, and cognitive dysfunction) during intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) that negatively impact their functional status, quality of life, and overall survival. The underlying mechanisms for PNS are still not fully understood. This study aimed to examine differentially expressed genes and pathways related to PNS for patients undergoing IMRT (i.e., before, end of, 6 months, and 12 months after IMRT). METHODS: Participants included 142 patients with HNC (mean age 58.9 ± 10.3 years, 72.5% male, 83.1% White). Total RNA extracted from blood leukocytes were used for genome-wide gene expression assays. Linear mixed effects model was used to examine the association between PNS and gene expression across time. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was employed to identify pathways related to PNS. RESULTS: A total of 1352 genes (162 upregulated, 1190 downregulated) were significantly associated with PNS across time (false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05). Among these genes, 112 GO terms were identified (FDR < 0.05). The top 20 GO terms among the significant upregulated genes were related to immune and inflammatory responses, while the top 20 GO terms among the significant downregulated genes were associated with telomere maintenance. CONCLUSION: This study is the first to identify genes and pathways linked to immune and inflammatory responses and telomere maintenance that are associated with PNS in patients with HNC receiving IMRT. Inflammation and aging markers may be candidate biomarkers for PNS. Understanding biological markers may produce targets for novel interventions.

A Web-Based Dyadic Intervention to Manage Psychoneurological Symptoms for Patients With Colorectal Cancer and Their Caregivers: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study.

BACKGROUND: Patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) receiving chemotherapy often experience psychoneurological symptoms (PNS; ie, fatigue, depression, anxiety, sleep disturbance, pain, and cognitive dysfunction) that negatively impact both patients' and their caregivers' health outcomes. Limited information is available on PNS management for CRC patient and caregiver dyads. OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this study are to (1) develop a web-based dyadic intervention for patients with CRC receiving chemotherapy and their caregivers (CRCweb) and (2) evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of CRCweb among patient-caregiver dyads in a cancer clinic. METHODS: A mixed methods approach will be used. Semistructured interviews among 8 dyads will be conducted to develop CRCweb. A single-group pre- and posttest clinical trial will be used to examine the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of the intervention (CRCweb) among 20 dyads. Study assessments will be conducted before (T1) and after intervention (T2). Content analysis will be performed for semistructured interviews. Descriptive statistics will be calculated separately for patients and caregivers, and pre-post paired t tests will be used to evaluate treatment effects. RESULTS: This study was funded in November 2022. As of April 2023, we have obtained institutional review board approval and completed clinical trial registration and are currently recruiting patient-caregiver dyads in a cancer clinic. The study is expected to be completed in October 2024. CONCLUSIONS: Developing a web-based dyadic intervention holds great promise to reduce the PNS burden in patients with CRC receiving chemotherapy and their caregivers. The findings from this study will advance intervention development and implementation of symptom management and palliative care for patients with cancer and their caregivers. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05663203; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05663203. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): PRR1-10.2196/48499.

DFT study on the catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by iron complexes of nitrilotriacetate.

The Fenton system in the presence of nitrilotriacetate (NTA) ligand is studied by DFT approach. The calculations show that complexation of Fe(II) with NTA significantly facilitates the H2 O2 activation. The ferric-hydroperoxo intermediate NTAFe(III)OOH predominantly decays via the disproportionation into NTAFe(II)OH2 and NTAFe(IV)O involving the formation of a µ-1,2-hydroperoxo-bridged biferric intermediate. In this mechanism, the bridged hydroperoxo is reduced by hydroperoxo ligand rather than by Fe(III). On the one hand, the NTAFe(III)OOH is sluggish to undergo hydrogen abstraction; on the other hand, it is a good nucleophile that may perform aldehyde deformylation. The present calculations suggest that both ˙OH and Fe(IV)O are generated in the NTA-assisted Fenton system. However, the polycarboxylate ligand provides a favorable environment for H2 O2 to accumulate around iron ion through hydrogen bonding. This promotes the quenching of Fe(IV)O by H2 O2 , rationalizing why the Fe(IV)O species is hardly detected in the NTA-assisted Fenton system.

Mitotic clustering of pulverized chromosomes from micronuclei.

Complex genome rearrangements can be generated by the catastrophic pulverization of missegregated chromosomes trapped within micronuclei through a process known as chromothripsis1-5. As each chromosome contains a single centromere, it remains unclear how acentric fragments derived from shattered chromosomes are inherited between daughter cells during mitosis6. Here we tracked micronucleated chromosomes with live-cell imaging and show that acentric fragments cluster in close spatial proximity throughout mitosis for asymmetric inheritance by a single daughter cell. Mechanistically, the CIP2A-TOPBP1 complex prematurely associates with DNA lesions within ruptured micronuclei during interphase, which poises pulverized chromosomes for clustering upon mitotic entry. Inactivation of CIP2A-TOPBP1 caused acentric fragments to disperse throughout the mitotic cytoplasm, stochastically partition into the nucleus of both daughter cells and aberrantly misaccumulate as cytoplasmic DNA. Mitotic clustering facilitates the reassembly of acentric fragments into rearranged chromosomes lacking the extensive DNA copy-number losses that are characteristic of canonical chromothripsis. Comprehensive analysis of pan-cancer genomes revealed clusters of DNA copy-number-neutral rearrangements-termed balanced chromothripsis-across diverse tumour types resulting in the acquisition of known cancer driver events. Thus, distinct patterns of chromothripsis can be explained by the spatial clustering of pulverized chromosomes from micronuclei.

Neuroprotective Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease: The Role of Gut Microbiota and MicroRNAs.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor deficits and marked neuroinflammation in various brain regions. The pathophysiology of PD is complex and mounting evidence has suggested an association with the dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) and gut dysbiosis. Using a rotenone-induced PD mouse model, we observed that administration of Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 (PS128) significantly improved motor deficits in PD-like mice, accompanied by an increased level of dopamine, reduced dopaminergic neuron loss, reduced microglial activation, reduced levels of inflammatory factors, and enhanced expression of neurotrophic factor in the brain. Notably, the inflammation-related expression of miR-155-5p was significantly upregulated in the proximal colon, midbrain, and striatum of PD-like mice. PS128 reduced the level of miR-155-5p, whereas it increased the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1), a direct target of miR-155-5p and a critical inhibitor of the inflammatory response in the brain. Alteration of the fecal microbiota in PD-like mice was partially restored by PS128 administration. Among them, Bifidobacterium, Ruminiclostridium_6, Bacteroides, and Alistipes were statistically correlated with the improvement of rotenone-induced motor deficits and the expression of miR-155-5p and SOCS1. Our findings suggested that PS128 ameliorates motor deficits and exerts neuroprotective effects by regulating the gut microbiota and miR-155-5p/SOCS1 pathway in rotenone-induced PD-like mice.

Skin Toxicity as a Predictor of Survival in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients Treated with Anti-EGFR: Fact or Fallacy?

The primary treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) consists of targeted therapy and chemotherapy to improve survival. A molecular target drug with an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antagonist is recommended when the RAS and BRAF genes are normal. About 50-70% of patients using anti-EGFR antagonists will experience skin reactions. Some studies have shown that severe skin reactions caused by anti-EGFR antagonists may be linked to overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), but the results are still uncertain. These data of mCRC patients who underwent anti-EGFR therapy between October 2017 and October 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. A total of 111 patients were included in this study. The survival results showed that gender, age, body mass index, primary tumor site, and recurrence did not significantly affect OS and PFS. However, the first-line anti-EGFR inhibitor treatment was significantly associated with OS (p < 0.001) and PFS (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the incidence of acne between males and females in grades 1 and 2, while males have a greater risk in grades 3 and 4 than females (20.3 vs. 4.8%; p-value = 0.041). Skin toxicity was not a predictor of anti-EGFR treatment response in this investigation.

Elevated Hippocampal CRMP5 Mediates Chronic Stress-Induced Cognitive Deficits by Disrupting Synaptic Plasticity, Hindering AMPAR Trafficking, and Triggering Cytokine Release.

Chronic stress is a critical risk factor for developing depression, which can impair cognitive function. However, the underlying mechanisms involved in chronic stress-induced cognitive deficits remain unclear. Emerging evidence suggests that collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMPs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of psychiatric-related disorders. Thus, the study aims to examine whether CRMPs modulate chronic stress-induced cognitive impairment. We used the chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) paradigm to mimic stressful life situations in C57BL/6 mice. In this study, we found that CUS-treated mice exhibited cognitive decline and increased hippocampal CRMP2 and CRMP5 expression. In contrast to CRMP2, CRMP5 levels strongly correlated with the severity of cognitive impairment. Decreasing hippocampal CRMP5 levels through shRNA injection rescued CUS-induced cognitive impairment, whereas increasing CRMP5 levels in control mice exacerbated memory decline after subthreshold stress treatment. Mechanistically, hippocampal CRMP5 suppression by regulating glucocorticoid receptor phosphorylation alleviates chronic stress-induced synaptic atrophy, disruption of AMPA receptor trafficking, and cytokine storms. Our findings show that hippocampal CRMP5 accumulation through GR activation disrupts synaptic plasticity, impedes AMPAR trafficking, and triggers cytokine release, thus playing a critical role in chronic stress-induced cognitive deficits.

Distinct morning and evening fatigue profiles in gastrointestinal cancer during chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Purposes were to identify subgroups of patients with gastrointestinal cancers with distinct morning and evening fatigue severity profiles and evaluate for differences among these subgroups in demographic and clinical characteristics, co-occurring symptoms and quality of life (QOL) outcomes. METHODS: Patients with gastrointestinal cancers (n=405) completed questionnaires six times over two cycles of chemotherapy. Latent profile analysis was used to identify distinct morning and evening fatigue profiles. Differences in demographic and clinical characteristics, co-occurring symptoms and QOL outcomes among the subgroups were evaluated using parametric and nonparametric tests. RESULTS: Two distinct mornings (ie, low and very high) and three distinct evenings (ie, low, moderate and very high) fatigue classes were identified. Common risk factors for both morning and evening fatigue included younger age, lower performance status, higher comorbidity burden and self-reported depression. Higher levels of morning fatigue were associated with being unmarried, living alone, being unemployed, having a lower income, lack of regular exercise and a self-reported diagnosis of anaemia. Higher levels of evening fatigue were associated with being women, white and having childcare responsibilities. Patients in the very high morning and evening fatigue classes reported higher levels of anxiety, depressive symptoms, sleep disturbance and pain and lower levels of attentional function and poorer QOL. CONCLUSION: Findings provide new insights into risk factors for and deleterious effects of morning and evening fatigue in patients with gastrointestinal cancers. Clinicians can use this information to identify high-risk patients and develop individualised interventions for morning and evening fatigue and other co-occurring symptoms.

Creating Inclusive Learning Environments for Chinese and American Pediatric Nursing Students.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, students from two schools of nursing, in China and the United States respectively, engaged in a transcultural simulation activity to explore how a global healthcare crisis has been managed within their different cultures. This article describes the development and implementation of the project and evaluates student perspectives on the simulation...s influence on increasing awareness of diversity, equity, and inclusion. Data for this project were collected through student verbal and written reflections and faculty comments. Results: Students reported the virtual simulation positively impacted their learning and enjoyed the opportunity to navigate through a virtual scenario collaboratively while discussing cultural similarities and differences. Faculty noted the simulation was valuable and described challenges faced during the development. Conclusions: Students and faculty found the simulation was a meaningful learning experience. Findings suggests that the transcultural simulation improved student knowledge of cultural competence and understanding of diversity, equity, and inclusion constructs.

A network analysis of self-reported psychoneurological symptoms in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing intensity-modulated radiotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Patients with head and neck cancer experience psychoneurological symptoms (PNS) (i.e., depression, fatigue, sleep disturbance, pain, and cognitive dysfunction) during intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) that decrease their functional status, quality of life, and survival rates. The purpose of this study was to examine and visualize the relationships among PNS within networks over time and evaluate for demographic and clinical characteristics associated with symptom networks. METHODS: A total of 172 patients (mean age, 59.8 ± 9.9 years; 73.8%, male; 79.4%, White) completed symptom questionnaires four times, namely, before IMRT (T1), 1 month (T2), 3 months (T3), and 12 months (T4) post IMRT. Network analysis was used to examine the symptom-symptom relationships among PNS. Centrality indices, including strength, closeness, and betweenness, were used to describe the degrees of symptom network interconnections. Network comparison test was used to assess the differences between two symptom networks. RESULTS: Depression was associated with the other four symptoms, and fatigue was associated with the other three symptoms across the four assessments. Based on the centrality indices, depression (rstrength  = 1.3-1.4, rcloseness  = 0.06-0.08, rbetweeness  = 4-10) was the core symptom in all symptom networks, followed by fatigue. Female gender, higher levels of stress, and no alcohol use were associated with stronger symptom networks in network global strength before IMRT. CONCLUSION: Network analysis provides a novel approach to gain insights into the relationships among self-reported PNS and identify the core symptoms and associated characteristics. Clinicians may use this information to develop symptom management interventions that target core symptoms and interconnections within a network. LAY SUMMARY: This study describes the symptom-symptom relationships for five common symptoms in patients with head and neck cancer receiving radiotherapy. Depression and fatigue appeared to be two core symptoms that were connected with sleep disturbance, pain, and cognitive dysfunction within a network. Several characteristics (i.e., female, higher stress, no alcohol use) were associated with stronger symptom networks.

De novo pyrimidine synthesis is a targetable vulnerability in IDH mutant glioma.

Mutations affecting isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) enzymes are prevalent in glioma, leukemia, and other cancers. Although mutant IDH inhibitors are effective against leukemia, they seem to be less active in aggressive glioma, underscoring the need for alternative treatment strategies. Through a chemical synthetic lethality screen, we discovered that IDH1-mutant glioma cells are hypersensitive to drugs targeting enzymes in the de novo pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis pathway, including dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). We developed a genetically engineered mouse model of mutant IDH1-driven astrocytoma and used it and multiple patient-derived models to show that the brain-penetrant DHODH inhibitor BAY 2402234 displays monotherapy efficacy against IDH-mutant gliomas. Mechanistically, this reflects an obligate dependence of glioma cells on the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway and mutant IDH's ability to sensitize to DNA damage upon nucleotide pool imbalance. Our work outlines a tumor-selective, biomarker-guided therapeutic strategy that is poised for clinical translation.

Social relationships and their associations with affective symptoms of women with breast cancer: A scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Problems in affective and cognitive functioning are among the most common concurrent symptoms that breast cancer patients report. Social relationships may provide some explanations of the clinical variability in affective-cognitive symptoms. Evidence suggests that social relationships (functional and structural aspects) can be associated with patients' affective-cognitive symptoms; however, such an association has not been well studied in the context of breast cancer. PURPOSE: The purpose of this scoping review was to address the following question: What social relationships are associated with affective-cognitive symptoms of women with breast cancer? METHODS: This scoping review used the framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley and PRISMA-Sc. Studies published by February 2022 were searched using four databases: MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase (Elsevier), PsycINFO (EBSCOhost), and Web of Science (Clarivate). All retrieved citations were independently screened and eligibility for inclusion was determined by study team members. Extracted data included research aims, design, sample, type and measures of social relationships (functional and structural), and the association between social relationships and affective-cognitive symptoms. RESULTS: A total of 70 studies were included. Affective symptoms were positively associated with social support, family functioning, quality of relationships, social networks, and social integration, whereas the negative association was found with social constraints. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest positive social relationships may mitigate affective symptoms of women with breast cancer. Thus, health care providers need to educate patients about the importance of building solid social relationships and encourage them to participate in a supportive network of friends and family members.

Nursing Students From China and the United States: Learning Together Through Virtual Simulation.

AIM: The purpose of this project was to connect nursing students from schools of nursing in China and the United States for colearning using virtual simulations. BACKGROUND: With technology and international partnerships, nursing programs can offer global education without students traveling to other countries. METHOD: Virtual simulations were produced by each school for the project. Students completed them in two synchronous 1.5-hour virtual sessions, one month apart. At the end of each session, students completed the Simulation Effectiveness Tool-Modified and the Nurses Clinical Reasoning Scale. RESULTS: Scores on the Simulation Effectiveness Tool-Modified ranged from 75.0 percent to 100 percent on Simulation 1 (video vignettes focused on prioritization) and 88.9 percent to 100 percent on Simulation 2 (computer-based obstetrics case). Most students strongly agreed or agreed that the simulation improved their clinical reasoning skills. CONCLUSION: Virtual simulations allowed students to learn together and develop an awareness of differences in nursing practices across countries.

Using Technology to Measure Older Adults' Social Networks for Health and Well-Being: A Scoping Review.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Social networks affect the health and well-being of older adults. Advancements in technology (e.g., digital devices and mHealth) enrich our ability to collect social networks and health data. The purpose of this scoping review was to identify and map the use of technology in measuring older adults' social networks for health and social care. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The Joanna Briggs Institute methodology was followed. PubMed (MEDLINE), Sociological Abstracts, SocINDEX, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched for relevant articles. Conference abstracts and proceedings were searched via Conference Papers Index, the American Sociological Society, and The Gerontological Society of America. Studies published in English from January 2004 to March 2020 that aimed to improve health or social care for older adults and used technology to measure social networks were included. Data were extracted by 2 independent reviewers using an a priori extraction tool. RESULTS: The majority of the 18 reviewed studies were pilot or simulation research conducted in Europe that focused on older adults living in the community. The various types of technologies used can be categorized as environment-based, person-based, and data-based. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Technology facilitates objective and longitudinal data collection on the social interactions and activities of older adults. The use of technology to measure older adults' social networks, however, is primarily in an exploratory phase. Multidisciplinary collaborations are needed to overcome operational, analytical, and implementation challenges. Future studies should leverage technologies for addressing social isolation and care for older adults, especially during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.