ABSTRACT
Differential staining of avian leukocytes was achieved within 6 min following brief fixation in a methanolic solution of C.I. acid red 360 followed by immersion in a mixture containing C.I. basic blue 41, C.I. basic blue 141, and C.I. acid red 52. Heterophils contained black angular and punctate granules. Eosinophils contained bright purple granules. Lymphocytes displayed red nuclei and blue cytoplasm. Monocytes contained red-brown nuclei and lavender cytoplasm. Basophils showed red-orange granules. Thrombocytes stained deep purple. Compared to traditional panoptic stains like Wright's or Giemsa's, the new staining method provides brighter colors, more precise details of cellular structures, and shorter staining time. Significantly, it facilitates identification of avian leukocyte species based on differences in color as well as differences in size and shape.
Subject(s)
Birds/blood , Leukocytes/cytology , Staining and Labeling/methods , Animals , Basophils/cytology , Blood Platelets/cytology , Cell Size , Eosinophils/cytology , Histocytochemistry , Leukocyte Count , Lymphocytes/cytology , Monocytes/cytology , Oxazines , Rhodamines , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Plasma renin activity (PRA) was determined during ventilatory hypoxia (n = 6) or normoxia (n = 5) in chronically catheterized ewes and fetuses. Compared to identically studied controls, hypoxemic ewes (PaO2 = 34.2 +/- 3 Torr, p less than 0.01) developed significant tachycardia (103 vs. 125 +/- 6, p less than 0.05) without change in blood pressure. Hypoxemic (PaO2 = 9.1 +/- 0.7 Torr, p less than 0.01) fetuses developed hypertension (39.3 vs 44 +/- 2 mm Hg, p less than 0.05), tachycardia (182 +/- 2 vs. 202 +/- 5, p less than 0.05), and elevated hematocrit (34 +/- 1.5 vs. 38.5 +/- 1.8%, p less than 0.02) during hypoxemia. Fetal plasma renin levels increased from 0.26 +/- 0.05 to 7.6 +/- 2.8 ng/ml/h (p less than 0.06) and to 14.7 +/- 5.6 ng/ml/h (p less than 0.05) after 60 and 120 min of hypoxia, respectively. Fetal PRA returned to baseline after 60 min of recovery. Ewe PRA did not change in either group. From these data, we conclude that differences exist between fetal and adult plasma renin levels during hypoxia. The mechanism of this response remains to be clarified.
