[Comparative studies of serological typing and HLA-A, B antigen genotyping with PCR using sequence-specific primers].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of PCR with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) for HLA-I genotyping and analyze the causes of the errors occurring in the genotyping. METHODS: DNA samples and were obtained from 34 clinical patients, and serological typing with monoclonal antibody (mAb) and HLA-A and, B antigen genotyping with PCR-SSP were performed. RESULTS: HLA-A and, B alleles were successfully typed in 34 clinical samples by mAb and PCR-SSP. No false positive or false negative results were found, and the erroneous and missed diagnosis rates were obviously higher in serological detection, being 23.5% for HLA-A and 26.5% for HLA-B. Error or confusion was more likely to occur in the antigens of A2 and A68, A32 and A33, B5, B60 and B61. CONCLUSIONS: DNA typing for HLA-I class (A, B antigens) by PCR-SSP has high resolution, high specificity, and good reproducibility, which is more suitable for clinical application than serological typing. PCR-SSP may accurately detect the alleles that are easily missed or mistaken in serological typing.

[Clinical observation of the therapeutic effect of valsartan for renal hypertension in 64 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic effects of valsartan on hypertension secondary to chronic renal diseases. METHODS: Sixty-four patients with renal hypertension were examined for plasma K(+), Na(+), Cl(-), 24-hour urine protein, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr), erythropoietin (EPO) before and 8 weeks after of valsartan therapy. RESULTS: After valsartan therapy for 8 weeks, no significant changes took place in plasma K(+), Na(+), Cl(-), BUN, SCr, EPO, but 24-hour urine protein was significantly reduced. CONCLUSION: Valsartan significantly reduce 24-hour urine protein without significantly affecting plasma K(+), Na(+), Cl(-), BUN, SCr, and EPO in patients with hypertension secondary to chronic renal diseases.

[Comparative analysis of serologic typing and HLA-II typing by micro-PCR-SSP].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of polymerase chain reaction with sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) in HLA-II genotyping and analyze the causes of the errors occurring during the genotyping. METHOD: Blood samples were obtained form patients with chronic renal insufficiency, leukemia or thalassemia and also from normal subjects. HLA-DR and -DQ genotyping of the sera from the 110 subjects was performed using micro-PCR-SSP and comparison was made with the results obtained from monoclonal antibody serologic typing. RESULT: Of the 110 samples detected by micro-PCR-SSP, 396 alleles of HLA-DR were identified in 99 cases and 22 of HLA-DQ in 11 cases, and 10% of the subjects were identified as homozygote individuals. Examination by both of the 2 methods in 67 cases indicated high rates of missed diagnoses and misdiagnoses by serologic typing with the diagnostic discrepancy as high as 38.81% and 50.75% for HLA-DR and -DQ respectively. The antigens DR 15/16, 11/12, 13/14, 8 or 12; DQ 5/6, 8/9 were among those that frequently gave rise to errors or confusion. CONCLUSION: Micro-PCR-SSP method can accurately detect the alleles of HLA-II antigens that are easy to be missed or mistaken by serological typing method.