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1.
Molecules ; 15(11): 7884-92, 2010 Nov 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21060296

ABSTRACT

The antioxidant activity of several Malaysian plant extracts was analyzed simultaneously with their pro-oxidant capacity. This ratio represents an index (ProAntidex) of the net free radical scavenging ability of whole plant extracts. We observed that ethanolic extracts of Nephelium lappaceum peel, Fragaria x ananassa leaf, Lawsonia inermis leaf, Syzygium aqueum leaf and grape seed had a lower Pro-Antidex than the commercially available Emblica™ extract which is an antioxidant agent with very low pro-oxidant activity. Among the aqueous extracts, Lawsonia inermis leaf, Nephelium mutobile leaf and grape seed had lower pro-oxidant activity compared to the Emblica™ extract. Among these extracts, aqueous extract of Nephelium mutobile leaf had a very low index of 0.05 compared to 0.69 for Emblica™. Most of the extracts had a far lower ProAntidex compared to the Vitamin C. The index enables us to identify extracts with high net free radical scavenging activity potential. The ProAntidex is beneficial as a screening parameter to the food industries and healthcare.


Subject(s)
Antioxidants/chemistry , Free Radical Scavengers/chemistry , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Reactive Oxygen Species/chemistry , Fragaria/chemistry , Lawsonia Plant/chemistry , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Seeds/chemistry , Vitis/chemistry
2.
Molecules ; 15(4): 2139-51, 2010 Mar 25.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20428033

ABSTRACT

Thirteen Malaysian plants; Artocarpus champeden, Azadirachta indica, Fragaria x ananassa, Garcinia mangostana, Lawsonia inermis, Mangifera indica, Nephelium lappaceum, Nephelium mutobile, Peltophorum pterocarpum, Psidium guajava and Syzygium aqueum, selected for their use in traditional medicine, were subjected to a variety of assays. Antioxidant capability, total phenolic content, elemental composition, as well as it cytotoxity to several cell lines of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts from different parts of these selected Malaysian plants were determined. In general, the ethanolic extracts were better free radical scavengers than the aqueous extracts and some of the tested extracts were even more potent than a commercial grape seed preparation. Similar results were seen in the lipid peroxidation inhibition studies. Our findings also showed a strong correlation of antioxidant activity with the total phenolic content. These extracts when tested for its heavy metals content, were found to be below permissible value for nutraceutical application. In addition, most of the extracts were found not cytotoxic to 3T3 and 4T1 cells at concentrations as high as 100 microg/mL. We conclude that although traditionally these plants are used in the aqueous form, its commercial preparation could be achieved using ethanol since a high total phenolic content and antioxidant activity is associated with this method of preparation.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Cytotoxins/pharmacology , Magnoliopsida/chemistry , 3T3 Cells , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification , Antioxidants/chemistry , Antioxidants/isolation & purification , Artocarpus/chemistry , Azadirachta/chemistry , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Cytotoxins/chemistry , Cytotoxins/isolation & purification , Ethanol/chemistry , Fragaria/chemistry , Garcinia mangostana/chemistry , Lawsonia Plant/chemistry , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Malaysia , Mangifera/chemistry , Mice , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Psidium/chemistry , Syzygium/chemistry , Water/chemistry
3.
Food Chem ; 109(1): 54-63, 2008 Jul 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26054264

ABSTRACT

The rind of rambutan, which is normally discarded was found to contain extremely high antioxidant activity when assessed using several methods. Although having a yield of only 18%, the ethanolic rambutan rind extract had a total phenolic content of 762±10mg GAE/g extract, which is comparable to that of a commercial preparation of grape seed extract. Comparing the extract's pro-oxidant capabilities with vitamin C, α-tocopherol, grape seed and green tea, the rind had the lowest pro-oxidant capacity. In addition, the extract at 100µg/ml was seen to limit oxidant-induced cell death (DPPH at 50µM) by apoptosis to an extent similar to that of grape seed. The extracts were not cytotoxic to normal mouse fibroblast cells or splenocytes while the powderised rind was seen to have heavy metals contents far below the permissible levels for nutraceuticals. Our study for the first time reveals the high phenolic content, low pro-oxidant capacity and strong antioxidant activity of the extract from rind of Nephelium lappaceum. This extract, either alone or in combination with other active principles, can be used in cosmetic, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications.

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