ABSTRACT
Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (ZSS) is a common natural medicine used to treat insomnia, and to show clearly its method of action, we managed and did an in-depth discussion. Network pharmacology research is very suitable for the analysis of multiple components, multiple targets, and multiple pathways of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). According to the relevant theory, we first carefully collected and screened the active ingredients in ZSS and received 11 active ingredients that may work. The targets going along with these active components were also strongly related to insomnia targets, 108 common genes were identified, and drug-compound-gene symbol-disease visualization network and protein-protein interaction network were constructed. Forty-eight core genes were identified by PPI analysis and subjected to GO functional analysis with KEGG pathway analysis. The results of GO analysis pointed that there were 998 gene ontology items for the treatment of insomnia, including terms of 892 biological processes, 47 cellular components, and 59 molecular functions. It mainly shows the coupling effect and transport mode of some proteins in the biological pathways of ZSS in the treatment of insomnia and explains the mechanism of action through the connection between the target and the cell biomembrane. KEGG enrichment analyzed 19 signaling pathways, which were collectively classified into seven categories. We have identified the potential pathways of ZSS against insomnia and obtained the regulatory relationship between core genes and pathways and know that the same target can be regulated by multiple components at the same time. The results of molecular docking also prove this conclusion. We sought to provide a new analytical approach to explore TCM treatments for diseases using network pharmacology analysis tools.
ABSTRACT
Gastrodia elata Blume belongs to the Orchidaceae family. G. elata is often processed when used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In the current study, a traditional processing method, known as "Jianchang Bang," was applied. Steamed and dried (S&D) G. elata was processed with ginger juice for up to 5 days (GEP5D). An UHPLC-MS/MS combined with a chemometric method was developed for the analysis of processed G. elata along with the raw material as well as steamed and dried G. elata. As a result, the primary marker compounds were identified with the aid of TOF-MS and MS/MS analyses. Compared with the raw material of G. elata with GEP5D, three new parishin-type compounds were identified according to their retention time, accurate mass, and fragmentation patterns. The chromatographic peak areas for marker compounds, including S-(gastrodin)-glutathione, S-(4-hydroxybenzylamine)-glutathione, and parishin-type compounds, changed significantly. This result indicated that by applying the "Jianchang Bang" method, changes in chemical composition in G. elata contents were observed. The study also demonstrated that chemometric analysis is helpful in understanding the processing mechanism and will provide scientific support for the clinical application of G. elata.
ABSTRACT
This article was aimed to study the intestinal absorption about main active ingredients of pectolinarin and pectolinarigenin in Carboned Cirsium japonicum DC. The absorption rate and absorption rate constant were taken as indicators. The intestinal absorption of pectolinarin and pectolinarigenin were compared by everted rat intestinal sac method among different parts of the small intestine. The results showed that the absorption rate constant of pectoli-narin among duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon parts were 0.505 1 ± 0.192 7, 0.936 0 ± 0.187 2, 0.732 0 ±0.133 5, 0.251 3 ± 0.027 6 (μg·h-1·cm-2). The absorption rate constant of pectolinarigenin among the duodenum, je-junum, ileum and colon were 0.059 1 ±0.008 3, 0.093 3 ±0.029 2, 0.112 3 ± 0.035 6, 0.029 4 ± 0.009 1 (μg·h-1·cm-2). It was concluded that the absorption of both ingredients increased over time. The absorption of both ingredi-ents in the jejunum and ileum was higher than other parts of the small intestine. The absorption rate of pectolinarin in the entire small intestine was much higher than the absorption rate of pectolinarigenin.
ABSTRACT
Objective To optimize the processing technology for Radix Puerariae simmered with wheat bran.Methods Orthogonal experiment L9(34) was chosen to optimize the technology. The external properties of Radix Puerariae simmered by wheat bran, the content of puerarin and the antidiarrheal effect on mice with diarrhea caused by folium sennae were used as indexes. Comprehensive weighted score was employed to optimize simmering Radix Puerariae with wheat bran technology.Results Processing time was the main affecting factor, while processing temperature had no significant effect. The optimum processing parameters were 100 g Radix Puerariae simmered with 30 g wheat bran at 160℃ for 2 minutes.Conclusion The optimum processing technology was simple and convenient, and with good reproducibility and operability. It is also helpful for the quality control of Radix Puerariae simmered with wheat bran.
ABSTRACT
AIM: To optimize and establish a stir-bake with saltwater technology on Rhizoma Alismatis by multiple indexes orthogonal test methods, providing technical index on standardization of stir-bake with saltwater on Rhizoma Alismatis. METHODS: The orthogonal test was employed to determine the effects of the three factors including the quantity of saltwater、temperature and time affiliated with three levels Alisol B23-acetate, alcohol extractive and properties. RESULTS: Temperature and time had notable effects on experimental results, but the quantity of saltwater had no effect on the results, the temperautre was at (100 ?C), time was 10 minutes an adding 2 kg salt to 10 kg water per 100 kg drugs. CONCLUSION: The research is meaningful to standardization of stir-bake with saltwater on Rhizoma Alismatis.
