TopKube: A Rank-Aware Data Cube for Real-Time Exploration of Spatiotemporal Data.

From economics to sports to entertainment and social media, ranking objects according to some notion of importance is a fundamental tool we humans use all the time to better understand our world. With the ever-increasing amount of user-generated content found online, "what's trending" is now a commonplace phrase that tries to capture the zeitgeist of the world by ranking the most popular microblogging hashtags in a given region and time. However, before we can understand what these rankings tell us about the world, we need to be able to more easily create and explore them, given the significant scale of today's data. In this paper, we describe the computational challenges in building a real-time visual exploratory tool for finding top-ranked objects; build on the recent work involving in-memory and rank-aware data cubes to propose TOPKUBE: a data structure that answers top-k queries up to one order of magnitude faster than the previous state of the art; demonstrate the usefulness of our methods using a set of real-world, publicly available datasets; and provide a new set of benchmarks for other researchers to validate their methods and compare to our own.

Nanocubes for real-time exploration of spatiotemporal datasets.

Consider real-time exploration of large multidimensional spatiotemporal datasets with billions of entries, each defined by a location, a time, and other attributes. Are certain attributes correlated spatially or temporally? Are there trends or outliers in the data? Answering these questions requires aggregation over arbitrary regions of the domain and attributes of the data. Many relational databases implement the well-known data cube aggregation operation, which in a sense precomputes every possible aggregate query over the database. Data cubes are sometimes assumed to take a prohibitively large amount of space, and to consequently require disk storage. In contrast, we show how to construct a data cube that fits in a modern laptop's main memory, even for billions of entries; we call this data structure a nanocube. We present algorithms to compute and query a nanocube, and show how it can be used to generate well-known visual encodings such as heatmaps, histograms, and parallel coordinate plots. When compared to exact visualizations created by scanning an entire dataset, nanocube plots have bounded screen error across a variety of scales, thanks to a hierarchical structure in space and time. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our technique on a variety of real-world datasets, and present memory, timing, and network bandwidth measurements. We find that the timings for the queries in our examples are dominated by network and user-interaction latencies.

A comprehensive survey of cancer risks in extended families.

PURPOSE: Cancer is familial; yet known cancer predisposition genes, as well as recognized environmental factors, explain only a small percentage of familial cancer clusters. This population-based description of cancer clustering describes patterns of cancer coaggregation suggestive of a genetic predisposition. METHODS: Using a computerized genealogy of Utah families linked to a statewide cancer registry, we estimated the relative risks for 36 different cancer sites in first-, second-, and third-degree relatives of cancer cases, for each cancer site individually, and between cancer sites. We estimated the sex- and birth-year-specific rates for cancer using 1 million individuals in the resource. We applied these rates to groups of cases or relatives and compared the observed and expected numbers of cancers to estimate relative risks. RESULTS: Many cancer sites show significantly elevated relative risks among distant relatives for cancer of the same site, strongly supporting a heritable contribution. Multiple combinations of cancer sites were observed among first-, second-, and third-degree relatives, suggesting the existence of heritable syndromes involving more than one cancer site. CONCLUSION: This complete description of coaggregation of cancer by site in a well-defined population provides a set of observations supporting heritable cancer predispositions and may support the existence of genetic factors for many different cancers.

BirdVis: visualizing and understanding bird populations.

Birds are unrivaled windows into biotic processes at all levels and are proven indicators of ecological well-being. Understanding the determinants of species distributions and their dynamics is an important aspect of ecology and is critical for conservation and management. Through crowdsourcing, since 2002, the eBird project has been collecting bird observation records. These observations, together with local-scale environmental covariates such as climate, habitat, and vegetation phenology have been a valuable resource for a global community of educators, land managers, ornithologists, and conservation biologists. By associating environmental inputs with observed patterns of bird occurrence, predictive models have been developed that provide a statistical framework to harness available data for predicting species distributions and making inferences about species-habitat associations. Understanding these models, however, is challenging because they require scientists to quantify and compare multiscale spatialtemporal patterns. A large series of coordinated or sequential plots must be generated, individually programmed, and manually composed for analysis. This hampers the exploration and is a barrier to making the cross-species comparisons that are essential for coordinating conservation and extracting important ecological information. To address these limitations, as part of a collaboration among computer scientists, statisticians, biologists and ornithologists, we have developed BirdVis, an interactive visualization system that supports the analysis of spatio-temporal bird distribution models. BirdVis leverages visualization techniques and uses them in a novel way to better assist users in the exploration of interdependencies among model parameters. Furthermore, the system allows for comparative visualization through coordinated views, providing an intuitive interface to identify relevant correlations and patterns. We justify our design decisions and present case studies that show how BirdVis has helped scientists obtain new evidence for existing hypotheses, as well as formulate new hypotheses in their domain.

VisMashup: streamlining the creation of custom visualization applications.

Visualization is essential for understanding the increasing volumes of digital data. However, the process required to create insightful visualizations is involved and time consuming. Although several visualization tools are available, including tools with sophisticated visual interfaces, they are out of reach for users who have little or no knowledge of visualization techniques and/or who do not have programming expertise. In this paper, we propose VisMashup, a new framework for streamlining the creation of customized visualization applications. Because these applications can be customized for very specific tasks, they can hide much of the complexity in a visualization specification and make it easier for users to explore visualizations by manipulating a small set of parameters. We describe the framework and how it supports the various tasks a designer needs to carry out to develop an application, from mining and exploring a set of visualization specifications (pipelines), to the creation of simplified views of the pipelines, and the automatic generation of the application and its interface. We also describe the implementation of the system and demonstrate its use in two real application scenarios.

Fibrosarcoma originating in the mandible.

Fibrosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm of fibroblasts that rarely affects the oral cavity and can cause local recurrences or metastasis. In this article we describe a case of primary fibrosarcoma in the mandible in a 16-year-old girl. Microscopically the tumor showed an intense proliferation of spindle-shaped cells, varying little in size and shape and arranged in parallel bands, partly crossing each other, the mitotic activity was increased and there was nuclear pleomorphism. Immunohistochemically the cells only showed immunoreactivity for vimentin and negativity for S-100 protein, CD 68, cytokeratin cocktail, HMB-45, CD34, pan actin HHF 35, desmin, smooth muscle actin and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). Based on clinical, radiological, histological and immunohistochemical findings the final diagnosis was high-grade intra-osseous fibrosarcoma. The treatment choice was radical surgery with mandibular reconstruction. After one year and nine months of the treatment the patient displayed multiple metastases. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy were used as adjuvant treatment. Unfortunately, the girl died two years after initial diagnosis.

Fibrosarcoma originating in the mandible

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Fibrosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm of fibroblasts that rarely affects the oral cavity and can cause local recurrences or metastasis. In this article we describe a case of primary fibrosarcoma in the mandible in a 16-year-old girl. Microscopically the tumor showed an intense proliferation of spindle-shaped cells, varying little in size and shape and arranged in parallel bands, partly crossing each other, the mitotic activity was increased and there was nuclear pleomorphism. Immunohistochemically the cells only showed immunoreactivity for vimentin and negativity for S-100 protein, CD 68, cytokeratin cocktail, HMB-45, CD34, pan actin HHF 35, desmin, smooth muscle actin and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). Based on clinical, radiological, histological and immunohistochemical findings the final diagnosis was high-grade intra-osseous fibrosarcoma. The treatment choice was radical surgery with mandibular reconstruction. After one year and nine months of the treatment the patient displayed multiple metastases. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy were used as adjuvant treatment. Unfortunately, the girl died two years after initial diagnosis

Verificação da variação da pressão arterial pelo uso de anestésicos locais com vasoconstritor / Verification of arterial blood pressure wich local anesthetics associated or not to vasoconstrictors

Os autores realizaram estudos com 100 pacientes divididos em 4 grupos, os quais foram anestesiados com lidocaína, variando apenas no uso ou não de vasoconstritor e no tipo de vasoconstritor associado (adrenalina ou noradrenalina 1:50.000). Os pacientes foram submetidos a exodontia, com aferição da pressão arterial antes do início do procedimento anestésico e após exodontia. Nos pacientes que receberam anestésico com vasoconstritor, normotensos ou hipertensos, não houve aumento significativo da pressão arterial; no grupo onde o sal anestésico não continha vasoconstritor, houve aumento estatisticamente significativo da pressão arterial

Diagnóstico diferencial de processos proliferativos não neoplásicos. Relato de casos clínicos / Differential diagnostic af non-neoplasic proliferate process. Cases reports

O artigo apresenta um relato de casos clínicos de lesões proliferativas não neoplásicas-granuloma piogênico, fibroma ossificante periférico, lesão periférica de células gigantes - com as características clínicas e microscópicas e os aspectos diferenciais entre as mesmas.

Root coverage: comparison of coronally positioned flap with and without titanium-reinforced barrier membrane.

BACKGROUND: Various surgical procedures have been proposed as effective treatment methods for recession defects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of root coverage comparing the coronally positioned flap (CPF) with and without guided tissue regeneration (GTR) using a titanium-reinforced expanded polytetrafluoroethylene barrier in paired gingival recession defects. METHODS: Procedures were performed in 10 patients having bilateral buccal recession defects > or = 2.0 mm on maxillary canines and first premolars. Mucoperiosteal flaps were raised and root surfaces were scaled, planed, and conditioned. Randomly assigned sites received either GTR + CPF or CPF treatment. Clinical parameters measured at baseline and at 6 months after the procedure included gingival recession depth (GRD), clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD), keratinized gingival width (KGW), and alveolar crest level (ACL). RESULTS: GRD decreased from 3.4 +/- 0.6 mm to 1.9 +/- 1.2 mm with GTR (45% root coverage) and from 3.3 +/- 0.4 mm to 1.3 +/- 0.7 mm with CPF (60% root coverage). The difference in GRD decrease between procedures was significant. CAL, KGW, and PD differences between procedures were not significant. ACL mean gain was significant (1.0 +/- 0.6 mm in the GTR group and 0.2 +/- 0.3 mm in the CPF group; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Both GTR and CPF procedures result in root coverage. The amount of root coverage obtained with CPF was greater than that observed with GTR, although GTR resulted in significantly greater ACL gain.

Granuloma central de células gigantes: relato de caso clínico / The central giant celi granuloma: the clinical case related

O granuloma Central de Células Gigantes (GCCG) é uma lesão de etiologia discutível, com grande potencial para provocar deslocamento dos dentes e deformidade facial. O diagnóstico precoce e o tratamento apropriado são essenciais para a sua eliminação. Os autores apresentam um caso clínico de GCCG de ocorrência em paciente do sexo feminino causando o separação dos dentes 43 e 44. A aparência clínica, radiográfica e histológica, bem como a forma do tratamento foram discutidas à luz da literatura pertinente

Crescimento gengival induzido por Ciclosporina-A / Gingival grow induced by Ciclosporine-A

Os autores apresentam um caso de aumento gengival induzido por Ciclosporina A (Cy-A) em indivíduo do sexo masculino submetido à terapia imunosupressora após transplante renal. O crescimento gengival severo e a área de inflamação estavam relacionadas ao acúmulo abundante de placa e cálculo dental. Excisão cirúrgica do excesso tecidual foi realizada sob anestesia local. A cicatrização da ferida cirúrgica evoluiu dentro dos parâmetros clínicos normais. Decorrido quatro anos após o procedimento periodontal, foi constatada discreta tendência à recidiva do crescimento gengival. O exame histológico realizado revelou tecido conjuntivo vascularizado com áreas de aparência de degeneração mixomatosa alternadas com zonas densas de colágeno, coberto por epitélio paraqueratinizado, acantótico, ligeiramente engrossado e com inúmeras digitações da camada basal

Resultados terapêuticos com o uso do saccharomyces sp.FR 1972, em pacientes portadores de infecçöes bacterianas do trato intestinal / Therapeutic results with the use of Saccharomyces sp. FR 1972, in patients with bacterial infections of the intestinal tract

Apresentam-se os primeiros resultados clínicos com o Saccharomyces sp. FR 1972 em pacientes portadores de diarréias agudas e crônicas. Foram tratados 59 pacientes acometidos de diarréias produzidas pelos seguintes agentes etiológicos: Escherichia coli 0111:B4 e 0119:B14; Citrobacter freundii; Proteus mirabilis; Providence sp; Shigella dysenteriae; Salmonella sp; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus faecalis. As idades dos pacientes variaram de 1 a 70 anos. O volume da suspensäo de Saccharomyces sp. FR 1972 administrado foi de 3 ml, duas vezes ao dia, via oral, na concentraçäo de 10**8 células por ml. Em 70% dos pacientes a regressäo total dos sintomas foi verificada nas primeiras 24 horas de tratamento. Nos 30% restantes o tratamento prolongou-se por 48 a 72 horas, nos casos de diarréias agudas, e de 7 a 10 dias nas diarréias crônicas