Relationship between rotator cuff muscle function and shoulder abduction function in patients with posterior superior rotator cuff tear: a dynamic biomechanical study / 中华创伤杂志

Objective:To evaluate the relationship of rotator cuff muscle function with shoulder abduction function after posterior superior rotator cuff tear via dynamic biomechanical study.Methods:By using the customized dynamic shoulder biomechanical testing system, seven freshly frozen cadaveric shoulders were used to stimulate shoulder abduction at 90° under four statuses: (1) intact rotator cuff with activation (normal rotator cuff group); (2) posterior superior rotator cuff tear with activation (posterior superior rotator cuff tear with activation group); (3) posterior superior rotator cuff tear with posterior superior rotator cuff deactivation (posterior superior rotator cuff tear with deactivation group); (4) none rotator cuff tissue above the geometric rotation center of the humeral head with deactivation (global tear group). The peak and stable value of middle deltoid force were used to evaluate biomechanical status in different rotator cuff tear conditions during shoulder abduction procedure. The peak subacromial pressure, average subacromial pressure, subacromial contact area, and subacromial force were used to evaluate subacromial pressed conditions under different rotator cuff tear conditions. The peak and stable ratio of glenohumeral contact force/middle deltoid force were used to evaluate shoulder stability under different rotator cuff tear conditions.Results:During dynamic abduction at 90°, the peak and stable value of middle deltoid force were (42.1±8.7)N and (29.9±7.4)N in normal rotator cuff group, (45.7±10.3)N and (30.5±7.2)N in posterior superior rotator cuff tear with activation group, and (48.4±13.4)N and (29.9±4.8)N in posterior superior rotator cuff tear with deactivation group (all P>0.05). But the peak and stable value of middle deltoid force were (69.7±9.7)N and (53.7±8.9)N in global tear group, significantly increased compared with other three groups (all P<0.05). The elevated middle deltoid force increased the subacromial contact pressure between glenohumeral head and acromion. The peak subacromial pressure, average subacromial pressure, subacromial contact area, and subacromial force were (0.40±0.05)MPa, (0.22±0.03)MPa, (7.71±5.09)mm 2, and (1.66±1.06)N respectively in normal rotator cuff group, (0.41±0.05)MPa, (0.26±0.07)MPa, (12.71±11.35)mm 2, and (2.93±2.46)N respectively in posterior superior rotator cuff tear with activation group, and (0.50±0.12)MPa, (0.26±0.07)MPa, (17.29±9.11)mm 2, and (4.09±1.46)N respectively in posterior superior rotator cuff tear with deactivation group (all P>0.05). However, the peak subacromial pressure, average subacromial pressure, subacromial contact area, and subacromial force were (3.64±1.70)MPa, (0.98±0.49)MPa, (47.63±11.91)mm 2, and (45.48±23.86)N respectively in global tear group, significantly higher than those in other three groups (all P<0.05). The peak and stable ratio of glenohumeral contact force/middle deltoid force were 2.24±0.30 and 2.46±0.13 in normal rotator cuff group, 2.21±0.19 and 2.52±0.08 in posterior superior rotator cuff tear with activation group, and 2.03±0.14 and 2.42±0.16 in posterior superior rotator cuff tear with deactivation group (all P>0.05). However, the peak and stable ratio of glenohumeral contact force/middle deltoid force were 1.40±0.14 and 1.52±0.41 in global tear group, significantly higher than those in other three groups (all P<0.05). No significant differences of the above parameters were observed in posterior superior rotator cuff tear with activation group, posterior superior rotator cuff tear with deactivation group and global tear group (all P>0.05). Conclusions:After posterior superior rotator cuff tear, rotator cuff muscle function does not affect the whole abduction function of shoulder. When the size of rotator cuff tear involves the whole superior humeral head rotation center, the normal abduction function of shoulder will be significantly impaired.

Correction to: Increasing targeting scope of adenosine base editors in mouse and rat embryos through fusion of TadA deaminase with Cas9 variants

In the original publication the grant number is incorrectly published. The correct grant number should be read as "17140901600". The corrected contents are provided in this correction article. This work was partially supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 81670470 and 81600149), a grant from the Shanghai Municipal Commission for Science and Technology (17140901600, 18411953500 and 15JC1400201) and a grant from National Key Research and Development Program (2016YFC0905100).

Neglect and associated factors among preschool children in two-child families in southwest Shandong Province / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate neglect among preschool children in two-child families in southwest Shandong Province, and to provide reference is for improving nursing parenting quality of two-child families.@*Methods@#A questionnaire survey was conducted among 2 646 parents of two-child families and 2 074 parents of one-child families from 16 kindergartens in southwest Shandong Province.@*Results@#The total neglect rate of two-child family preschool children in southwest Shandong Province was 27.37%, and the degree score of neglect was(40.15±5.51). The physical neglect rate(10.39%), emotional neglect rate(40.15±5.51), total neglect (38.15±4.88) and emotional neglect (46.12±6.91) of boys were higher than those of girls, and the difference was statistically significant(χ2/t=4.57, 6.65, 4.58, 4.72, P<0.05); No significant frequencies were found in total neglect rate, total neglect, neglect rate and neglect at all levels among all age groups(P>0.05); Among preschool children with siblings aged 7-<13, ≥13, total neglect rate(30.44%, 32.77%), emotional neglect rate(10.20%,12.00%), total neglect degree (44.71±5.98, 45.33±5.20) and emotional neglect degree (45.95±7.12, 48.86±4.97) of preschool children in two-child families have higher than those in onechild families, and the differences were of statistical significance(χ2/t=31.10, 4.55, 27.92, 24.13, 19.83, P<0.05); the total neglect rate(27.37%), emotional neglect rate(23.47%), emotional neglect (43.68±6.83) of twochild families and the total neglect (40.15±5.51) were higher than those of one-child families, and the differences were of statistical significance(χ2/t=4.98, 4.96, 3.76, 8.53, P<0.05). The age of siblings(OR=0.58), the education level of mothers(OR=0.64), and the main executor of family education (OR=1.54) were main factors to influence the child neglect of preschool children in two-child families(P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Neglect of preschool children in two-child families is higher than that in one-child families in southwest Shandong, especially among those preschool boys and preschool children whose siblings were of school age.

Beneficial effects of Xuebijing injection on random skin flap survival in rats.

BACKGROUND: Improving survival of random skin flaps has important implications of reconstruction, and various kinds of agents have been tested for this purpose. In this study, the effects of Xuebijing (XBJ) injection on random skin flap survival in rats were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: McFarlane flaps were established in 40 rats divided into two groups. XBJ was injected into the test group, and the same concentration of saline was injected into controls. Tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain and immunohistochemically evaluated, and the survival area of the flaps, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde contents were examined. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, we found the mean survival area of the flaps in the test group was significantly larger, expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and superoxide dismutase activity increased markedly in the test group, malondialdehyde level in the test group was significantly lower, and the hematoxylin and eosin-stained slices showed that inflammation was clearly inhibited in the test group. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, XBJ improved survival of random skin flaps.

Application of peripherally inserted central venous catheter and central venous catheter in the surgical nutrition / 中华临床营养杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the application of peripherally inserted central venous catheter (PICC)and central venous catheter (CVC) in the surgical parenteral nutrition.MethodThe operation time,success rate,indwelling duration,abnormal biopsy,and adverse reactions of PICC and CVC were retrospectively compared.ResultsCVC had significantly shorter operation time than PICC groups [ (28.67 ±5.13) min vs.(45.20 ±6.89)min,P =0.035 ).The mean indwelling duration was significantly longer in PICC group than in CVC group [ ( 114.85 ± 10.29) d vs.(24.78 ± 8.42) d,P =0.033 ].PICC group was superior to CVC group in terms of five complication items,while only phlebitis was more frequent/severe in CVC group.ConclusionsPICC may be more suitable for long-term ( ＞4 weeks) catheter-based nutrition.CVC has short operation time and fast flow rate,and therefore is most suitable for rescue treatment for critically ill patients.