ABSTRACT
Tiredness of life in older adults can lead to a request for the wish to die. This article provides a practical approach for physicians of this problem on the basis of a flow chart. The main causes of tiredness of life should be identified and evaluated for their reversibility and treatment options. The first group are the physical factors which, besides organ pathology, should also take frailty into account as a possible cause. A second important group are the psychological risk factors such as psychiatric disorders, loneliness, dignity, subjective well-being, coping and spiritual power. These factors also determine the complaint and needs of the patient. Here is a multidisciplinary assessment and approach desirable. This multidisciplinary approach also applies to the socioeconomic risk factors. In addition, the caregiver should examine if the weariness of life indeed gives rise to the suffering of the older person and to what extent this is hopeless and unbearable suffering. Hopelessness is a professional judgment about the remaining treatment and care perspective and is often objectified; unbearable is a matter of the patient and therefore always subjective and personal. The current legislation on euthanasia, the reversibility of the underlying causes and the unbearable suffering will determine whether the request of the patient with tiredness of life can be considered. Some questions will not fit within the proposed framework. For those a multidisciplinary advice of an ethics committee may be desirable.
La fatigue de vie chez la personne âgée peut susciter le désir de mourir. Ce document, destiné aux médecins, est un manuel pratique sur cette problématique. Il faut rechercher les facteurs de risque physiques, psychiques et socioéconomiques de la lassitude pour évaluer dans quelle mesure ils sont réversibles et peuvent être traités. L'étiologie de la lassitude étant souvent multifactorielle, il est souhaitable que son évaluation soit multidisciplinaire, tout comme son approche. Le prestataire de soins doit chercher à savoir si la lassitude est responsable d'une souffrance sans issue et insupportable. Le fait que la souffrance soit sans issue doit être évalué de manière professionnelle pour répondre à la question de savoir si une perspective de traitement et de soins est encore présente, ce qui est souvent objectivable. Le fait que la souffrance soit insupportable est strictement personnel et toujours subjectif. L'éventuelle prise en compte d'une demande d'euthanasie en cas de fatigue de vivre est déterminée par les critères de la législation actuelle sur l'euthanasie, la réversibilité des causes sous-jacentes de la lassitude et le caractère insupportable de la souffrance. Si, comme cela arrive de temps à autre, la demande d'euthanasie se situe en dehors du cadre proposé, l'avis multidisciplinaire mûrement réfléchi d'un comité d'éthique est alors souhaitable.
Subject(s)
Aging/psychology , Fatigue/psychology , Stress, Psychological/etiology , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Euthanasia/psychology , Euthanasia/statistics & numerical data , Fatigue/epidemiology , Fatigue/etiology , Humans , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Stress, Psychological/epidemiologyABSTRACT
In the public debate on the extension of euthanasia for people with dementia, in addition to ethical considerations and arguments, other issues have to be kept in mind. The diagnosis of dementia is difficult and the clinical picture is very fluctuating. The assessment and especially the operationalization of legal capacity and the use of advance directives are complex problems. The discussion should be conducted against the backdrop of a cultural framework in which the interpretation and development of palliative care is crucial. The development of a framework like advance care planning creates opportunities. The question remains whether the legal issues can be clarified and whether a legal approach generates solutions for the problems described.
