ABSTRACT
It was with the promise of rendering an experimental approach to consciousness that psychology started its trajectory as an independent science more than 150 years ago. Here, we will posit that the neurosciences were instrumental in leading psychology to resume the study of consciousness by projecting an empirical agenda for the future. First, we will start by showing how scientists were able to venture into the consciousness of supposedly unconscious patients, opening the door for the identification of important neural correlates of distinct consciousness states. Then, we will describe how different technological advances and elegant experimental paradigms helped in establishing important neuronal correlates of global consciousness (i.e., being conscious at all), perceptual consciousness (i.e., being conscious of something), and self-consciousness (i.e., being conscious of itself). Finally, we will illustrate how the study of complex consciousness experiences may contribute to the clarification of the mechanisms associated with global consciousness, the relationship between perceptual and self-consciousness, and the interface among distinct self-consciousness domains. In closing, we will elaborate on the road ahead of us for re-establishing psychology as a science of consciousness.
ABSTRACT
Sulfite auto-oxidation catalyzed by cobalt complexed with ammonia deposited on silica (CoNSi) was used to generate sulfate radicals. The material was characterized by ATR-FTIR, suggesting that the silica structure did not change, and SEM-EDS, indicating an uniform dispersion of cobalt across the material surface according with XRD results. BET analysis provided information on a mesoporous material (type IV isotherm) with regular morphology (H1 hysteresis). The DSC analysis showed that CoNSi is thermally stable under the studied conditions. Quantitative analysis of Fipronil (FIP) was performed by HPLC-DAD, where the applied method was selective and linear. The Box-Behnken experimental design (BBD) method was used to define the best condition for removing the analyte in water. It was found that in 60 min, 76% removal of 1.8 mg L-1 of FIP was reached by adding 0.30 g of the material and 0.30 g of the sulfite in a solution under stirring, aeration, pH 8.0, and room temperature and protected from radiation. However, analysis of cobalt leaching into the solution by FAAS showed a small amount of the metal (0.44 mg L-1) informing that the synthesis of the material must be improved.
ABSTRACT
A novel mixed zirconium phosphate/phosphonate based on glyphosine, of formula Zr2(PO4)H5(L)2·H2O [L = (O3PCH2)2NCH2COO], was synthesized in mild conditions. The compound has a layered structure that was solved ab initio from laboratory PXRD data. It crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group with the following cell parameters: a = 29.925(3), b = 8.4225(5), c = 9.0985(4) Å, and ß = 98.474(6)°. Phosphate groups are placed inside the sheets and connect the zirconium atoms in a tetradentate fashion, while uncoordinated carboxylate and P-OH phosphonate groups are exposed on the layer surface. Due to the presence of these acidic groups, the compound showed remarkable proton conductivity properties, which were studied in a wide range of temperature and relative humidity (RH). The conductivity is strongly dependent on RH and reaches 1 × 10(-3) S cm(-1) at 140 °C and 95% RH. At this RH, the activation energy of conduction is 0.15 eV in the temperature range 80-140 °C. The similarities of this structure with related structures already reported in the literature were also discussed.
Subject(s)
Carboxylic Acids/chemistry , Glycine/analogs & derivatives , Organophosphonates/chemistry , Organophosphorus Compounds/chemistry , Zirconium/chemistry , Crystallography, X-Ray , Glycine/chemistry , Models, Molecular , Powder Diffraction , ProtonsABSTRACT
Layered double hydroxides intercalated with dodecylsulfate or dodecylbenzenesulfonate were synthesized by co-precipitation under alkaline conditions. After characterization by PXRD, FTIR, and TGA/DTA, the ZnxAl/SUR compounds were reacted with neutral benzophenone, using different procedures. The products obtained from benzophenone adsolubilization were investigated by PXRD, FTIR, and DRUV-Vis spectroscopy before and after exposure to UV radiation. In general, the content of adsolubilized benzophenone was small and depended on the synthetic procedure. The best results were achieved under microwave irradiation, which furnished 9.09 wt% adsolubilized benzophenone. The products presented good adsorption in the full UV region, from UVC to UVA, and good stability to UV radiation. They did not cause skin irritation in tests conducted on rabbits, which makes them good candidates for the development of a new generation of sunscreens.
Subject(s)
Benzenesulfonates/chemistry , Benzophenones/chemistry , Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate/chemistry , Sunscreening Agents/chemistry , Surface-Active Agents/chemistry , Animals , Benzenesulfonates/pharmacology , Benzophenones/pharmacology , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Rabbits , Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate/pharmacology , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared , Sunscreening Agents/pharmacology , Surface-Active Agents/pharmacology , Ultraviolet RaysABSTRACT
Polineuropatias periféricas são termos que descrevem síndromes surgidas após lesões dos nervos periféricos. Dentre várias formas de polineuropatias, destacam-se as tóxicas por organofosforados, com- postos químicos, utilizados como inseticidas, que ocasionam uma neuropatia crônica de caráter axonal ou desmielinizante. Os principais sintomas localizam-se nas extremidades dos membros e os sinais são motores, sensitivos, autonômicos e mistos. Essa pesquisa caracterizou- se por ser do tipo experimental, com design quasi-experimental. A amostra foi do tipo restritiva, constando de um indivíduo do sexo masculino, 16 anos, residente no interior do RN, com diagnóstico de polineuropatia tóxica axonal e quadro clínico de tetraplegia e paralisia facial periférica. A pesquisa foi realizada na Fisioterapia da Universidade Potiguar e teve como propósito elaborar e implementar um programa de tratamento fisioterápico para um paciente com polineuropatia tóxica por uso de Imizol, verificando seus benefícios. Os resultados dessa pesquisa constataram que a fisioterapia atenuou a gravidade do quadro, pro- moveu sua reabilitação precocemente, e minimizou seqÜelas advindas dessa patologia.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Insecticides, Organophosphate/adverse effects , Physical Therapy Modalities , Polyneuropathies/rehabilitation , Polyneuropathies/therapy , Case Reports , Insecticides, Organophosphate , Polyneuropathies/etiology , Quadriplegia/therapyABSTRACT
O fibro edema gelóide (FEG) é uma afecção multifatorial e para que seu tratamento obtenha resultados positivos é necessária uma avaliação detalhada envolvendo toda propedêutica da anamese e do exame físico. Esse estudo, de caráter descritivo, teve o propósito de desenvolver e aplicar um instrumento de coleta de dados que permita o grau do FEG e os níveis das alterações sensitivas decorrentes desta afecção. Assim, se´ra de fundamental importância para os fisioterapeutas que atuam na a´rea de dermato-fncional e aos demais profissionais da área de saúde que atendem pacientes portadores de FEG. A amostra foi composta por 30 pacientes do sexo feminino com FEG. O instrumento de coleta de dados, Protocolo de Avaliação do Fribro Edema Gelóide (PAFEG), foi desenvolvido após uma extensa revisão na literatura corrente e para validar o mesmo foram utilizados alguns procedimentos metodológicos com questiona´rios de validade de face, realizado com cinco fisioterapeutas que atuam em áreas distintas, e validade de conteúdo, realizado com tres fisioterapeutas que atuam na área de dermato-funcional. Por meio destes questionários avaliativos o PAFEG foi analisado em relação á sua aplicabilidade e seu conteúdo, sendo realizadas as adaptações necessárias,a fim de tomar o mesmo mais objetivo e completo. Foi feita uma avalição fisioterapêutica com pacientes para comprovar a praticidade na aplicação do instrumento. Diante dos resultados obtidos foi possível concluir que o PAFEG é de fácil aplicação e abrange todos os aspectos do FEG, estando apto a ser utilizado em avaliações de pacientes portadoas desta afecção
