[Evaluation of the double bonds of lipid fatty acids by ozonization in cancer patients].

The diagnostic value of total unsaturation of plasma lipids was studied by ozonization in 950 patients with malignant neoplasms. An examination was made on their primary admission. The control group included 470 patients with chronic benign diseases of the studied sites and 205 clinically healthy persons. The study established that the development of a tumor in cancer patients was associated with the structural changes in lipids, which are responsible for a significant reduction in their total unsaturation. The degree of lipid metabolic disturbances depends on the site of a tumor. The most significant disturbances were noted in patients with cancer of the stomach and urinary bladder. The calculated diagnostic criteria of double bonds (DB) corroborate the advisability of determining lipid unsaturation to improve the quality of diagnosis and monitoring of cancer diseases. The loose correlation between DB, lipid peroxidation products, the antioxidant system, and the electron paramagnetic resonance parameter a of spin-labeled serum is a prerequisite for their combined use in order to enhance the efficiency of laboratory diagnosis.

Plasma content of cholesterol and glycerol alcohols depends on the number of fatty acid double bonds in lipoprotein lipid pool.

The number of the fatty acid double bonds (unsaturation degree) in the plasma lipid pool was evaluated by automated ozone titration. A positive relationship between the content of double bonds, cholesterol, and glycerol was detected. The higher was plasma cholesterol level, the more double bonds contained fatty acids. At cholesterol level of 0.8-18.9 mmol/liter the double bond/cholesterol ratio approached 4.0 and double bond/glycerol ratio was 1.3-1.5. The maximum content of double bonds was detected in LDL. It was hypothesized that the greater part of plasma cholesterol is esterified with arachidonic acid possessing 4 double bonds; three fatty acids are esterified with glycerol, which altogether have 1-3 double bonds. It seems that plasma cholesterol level indirectly but significantly reflects the level of essential polyenic fatty acids, while glycerol reflects the levels of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. The role of cholesterol in the plasma consists in the participation in transfer of essential fatty acid in the nonpolar form and their absorption by cells. LDL are the main transmitters of essential polyenic fatty acids in the form of cholesterol esters.

Kinetics of fatty acid oxidation in low density lipoproteins evaluated by registration of the oxidizer consumption and reaction product yield.

Oxidation of arachidonic acid by ROS in vitro can be evaluated by the formation of reaction products (conjugated dienes); this is preceded by a lag period caused by the action of antioxidants (alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, and ascorbic acid). In case of ozone titration the oxidizer is consumed even during the lag period, when conjugated dienes are not yet forming. Comparison of the oxidation rate constants for antioxidants, arachidonic and oleic monoenic fatty acids suggests that during the lag period Cu(2+)-initiated forms of O(2) oxidize primarily oleic acid, whose reaction rate constant is much higher than those of antioxidants. Presumably, the duration of lag period during oxidation of arachidonic acid and formation of conjugated dienes is determined also by the content of triglycerides and oleic fatty acid in low density lipoproteins.

Kinetic parameters of oxidation of individual fatty acids with ozone.

Using an original automated analyzer of double bonds we determined the rate constants for oxidation of saturated and unsaturated mono- and dienoic fatty acids (in vivo substrates for beta-oxidation in the mitochondria) by the ozone titration method. The rate constant for O(3) oxidation is maximum for oleic monoenoic acid, lower for dienoic linoleic, and very low for saturated palmitic acid. The rate constant for oxidation of oleic fatty acid, which by one order of magnitude surpasses that for oxidation of essential arachidonic acid, indicates that oleic acid is a leading in vivo acceptor of active O(2) species. By the rate of trapping active oxygen species and in the quantitative aspect, endogenously produced oleic acid can be regarded as the main biological antioxidant.

[Esterification of fatty acids by alcohols and functional role of polar and non-polar lipids in blood flow. Double bonds of lipid fatty acids in lipoproteins]. / Eterifikatsiia zhirnykh kislot spirtami i funktsional'naia rol' poliarnykh i nepoliarnykh lipidov v krovotoke. Dvoinye sviazi zhirnykh kislot lipidov v lipoproteinakh.

An original method of automatic titration of dual bindings by ozone was made use of to show the functional role of alcohols, i.e. glycerin and cholesterol, in the transfer, within the lipoproteins' composition, and in the receptor absorption of saturated and essential polyene acids by cells. The values of correlations dual bindings/glycerin and dual bindings/cholesterol are indicative of that the saturated fat acids are etherified by glycerin in blood serum, and the essential polyene fat acids are etherified by cholesterol. The presence of dual bindings in lipids of some lipoproteins shows that lipoproteins of a very low density are carriers of saturated fat acids (in the form of non-polar triacilglycerides), and lipoproteins of low density are the key carrier of essential polyene fat acids (in the form of non-polar ethers of cholesterol). The cells absorb passively the fat acids (in the form of polar lipids); and they absorb actively the fat acids (in the form of non-polar lipids and by means of receptor endocytosis). A stable correlation dual binding/cholesterol at alterations of the alcohol content in the blood serum by 20 times, and similar correlation values in man, rats and mice demonstrate that the cells absorb, be means of receptor endocytosis, the essential polyene fat acids (in the form of ethers of cholesterol). The level of cholesterol depends on a content of fat acids, mainly of the omega-3 and omega-6 essential polyene fat acids, in the blood serum.

[The content of double bonds and lipids in blood serum of healthy people and patients with hyperlipidemia]. / Soderzhanie dvoinykh sviazei i lipidov syvorotki krovi u zdorovykh liudei i patsientov s giperlipidemiei.

The number of dual bonds (DB) was determined by the ozonization method in the lipid fraction of blood serm (BS) in healthy subjects and in patients with hyperlipidemia (HLP). Single-direction changes were detected in the DB quantity and in the lipid level in case of HLP; besides, a highly reliable positive correlation was established between the DB concentration and the basic BS lipid classes. The results suggest that an increasing DB quantity in HLP is preconditioned by a growing lipid contents and show their tense relation with components of the lipid transport system (LTS). The determination of the DB concentration, as of an index of the total unsaturation of the BS lipid fraction, provides for obtaining extra data useful in describing the LTS in different-type impairments of lipid metabolism.

[Double bonds of fatty acids, alcohols glycerol, cholesterol and nonpolar serum lipids. Diagnostic value of hypercholesterolemia]. / Dvoinye sviazi zhirnykh kislot, spirty glitserin, kholesterin i nepoliarnye lipidy syvorotki krovi. Diagnosticheskoe znachenie giperkholesterinemii.

A method for evaluation of double bonds (DB) by ozone titration in a pool of serum lipids during extraction after Folch is developed. A method for measuring the weight of nonpolar lipids in apoB-100-lipoproteins (LP) with a hydrophobic fluorescent probe K-37 was used. Cholesterol and glycerol alcohols were measured in the serum using Cholesterol and Triglycerides kits (Hoffmann la Roche). Twenty-four patients with myocardial infarction, 29 coronary patients, and 37 healthy children were examined. The level of cholesterol alcohol reflects the number of double bonds in fatty acids (FA) and hence, the content of essential polythenic FA in the serum. The higher the level of cholesterol alcohols the greater the pool of essential poly-FA, circulating in the blood as nonpolar cholesterol polyesters within low density lipoproteins (LDL). Presumably, the higher the level of cholesterol LDL, the more pronounced is the deficit of essential poly-FA and the greater is the compensatory activation of the synthesis of endogenous poly-FA. A positive correlation between the content of cholesterol alcohol in the serum and weight of nonpolar lipids in apoB-100-LP was noted.

[Proportion of alcohols of cholesterol, glycerol and double bonds of fatty acids in blood serum and lipoproteins. Diagnostic significance of hypercholesterolemia]. / Vzaimootnosheniia spirtov kholesterina, glitserina i dvoinykh sviazei zhirnykh kislot v syvorotke krovi i lipoproteinakh. Diagnosticheskoe znachenie giperkholesterinemii.

A new method in quantitative determination of double bonds (DB) in the pool of fatty acids (FA) has been worked out by ozone titration after extraction of lipids according to Folch. A correlation was observed among DB content, the level of cholesterol alcohol (CS, r = +0.612; p < 0.001) and the level of glycerol (GL) alcohol (r = +0.392; p < 0.01). The grown-ups with ischemic heart disease and children have a constant ratio (5.05 +/- 0.18) DB:CS ratio.

[The content of double bonds in blood serum lipids from patients with myocardial infarction]. / Soderzhanie dvoinykh sviazei v lipidakh syvorotki krovi pri infarkte miokarda.

Hypocholesterolemia and hypotriglyceridemia during the first days of myocardial infarction (MI) is a result of enhanced absorption of saturated fatty acids in the form of triglycerides within very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) through apoE/B-100 receptors. This is followed by inhibition of this endocytosis, accumulation of saturated fatty acids VLDL in the blood, and hypertriglyceridemia. Permanent level of double bonds in MI (ozone titration) results not from MI but from blocking of cell absorption of polyenic fatty acids in the form of cholesterol polyesters in low-density lipoproteins (LDL) through apoB-100 receptors, which is characteristic of atherosclerosis. High molar ratio of double bonds/cholesterol in comparison with the double bonds/glycerol ratio indicates that the majority of polyenic fatty acids in the blood lipoproteins present as cholesterol polyesters. Lipoprotein transfer and cell absorption of saturated fatty acids alone are selectively impaired in MI. Selective impairment of cell absorption of saturated or polyenic fatty acids alone or a combination of both is observed in some diseases. Ozone titration of serum lipid double bonds reflects impaired absorption of essential polyenic fatty acids by cells.

[Study of unsaturated plasma lipids in children with diabetes mellitus]. / Issledovanie nenasyshchennosti lipidov plazmy krovi pri sakharnom diabete u detei.

The determination of unsaturation of lipids contained by the blood serum and cell plasma membranes, which depends on the total amount of double bonds (DB) in unsaturated fatty acids is a new and promising method of estimating lipid metabolism in diabetes mellitus. Unsaturation was determined by ozonization. 91 children aged 7 to 15 years were examined. The control group included 10 healthy children of the same age. The standardized values of unsaturation were delimited in the healthy children, which amounted to 260 +/- 20 conventional units. A relationship was discovered between DB and the degree of compensation together with the disease standing. Comparative analysis of blood DB and the lipid spectrum demonstrated that the high values of unsaturation correlate with elevated concentrations of free cholesterol, nonesterified fatty acids, cholesterol esters, pre-beta-LP, beta-LP and triglycerides.

[Determination of double bonds in the lipid fraction of blood plasma in burn patients using the ADS-4M apparatus]. / Opredelenie dvoinnykh sviazei lipidnoi fraktsii plazmy krovi priborom ADS-4M u obozhzhennykh.

An ADS-4M analyser was employed to study the diagnostic potentialities of the method for determination of double bonds (DB) in lipids of the burnt's blood as a rapid method for revealing alterations in unsaturated fatty acids (USFA). The method was tried in 25 patients with varying gravity of burn injury and in 15 healthy subjects with a purpose of establishing the norm. It was discovered that in patients with burn, the number of DB differed from normal depending on the disease gravity. The time course of changes in the number of DB attests to the necessity of the use of the method under consideration for evaluating abnormalities in the content of USFA.