[Effect of preoperative chemotherapy, mediastinal lymph node dissection and stump cover on bronchial regeneration following experimental pneumonectomy].

The dynamics of morphological changes occurring in the bronchial stump depending on the extent of mediastinal lymph dissection, preoperative chemotherapy and the stump cover method are discussed. Stump healing after right-side pneumonectomy was assessed in 32 non-inbred dogs. Typical procedure was tested in group 1 while complete systematic mediastinal lymph dissection (CSMLD)--in groups 2-4. In groups 3-4, pneumonectomy was performed after two courses of chemotherapy (cisplatin 80 mg/m2 per day + etoposide 120 mg/m2, days 1,3,5). In groups 1-3, the stump was covered with a parietal strap; in group 4, a m. latissimus dorsi strap was fixed on a vascular "pedicle". Experiment was suspended on days 3, 7, 14, 21 and 30. One animal in group 2 died of ischemic necrosis of the esophagus terminating in mediastinitis. None of the animals developed bronchial fistula. Angiography detected reduced blood flow in the right-side third of the trachea and medial surface of the left main bronchus in the CSMLD groups. Microscopically, all the groups revealed a similar pattern of stump healing. CSMLD did not influence bronchial stump regeneration significantly. Nor was it hampered in any way by preoperative chemotherapy. The latter was followed by expansion of necrotic and edematous area thus slightly affecting regeneration. Primary bronchoplasty failed to speed up regeneration, yet it might diminish the risk of bronchial fistula.

[Retrospective diagnosis of radiation inhalation lesions of the bronchial mucosa in clean-up personnel after the nuclear accident at the Chernobyl nuclear reactor using the micronucleus test]. / Retrospektivnaia diagnostika radiatsionnogo ingaliatsionnogo porazheniia slizistoi obolochki bronkhov u likvidatorov posledstvii avarii na Chernobyl'skoi AIeS s ispol'zovaniem mikroiadernogo testa.

The aim of the study was to detect radiation lesions in histological samples of bronchial mucosa in Chernobyl wreckers suffering from chronic non-obstructive bronchitis 10 years after Chernobyl accident by the micronuclear test. The study group consisting of Chernobyl wreckers was comparable to the controls by sex, age, smoking and morphological variants of chronic bronchitis. The test in the study group was positive as it showed a significant increase in the number of the ciliated cells in bronchial mucosa as compared to the control group. This suggests a long-term persistence of the radionuclides in the wreckers' bronchial mucosa. The micronuclear test is recommended for diagnosis of inhalation damage to the lungs in persons exposed to radiation.

[Bacterial infectious process in patients with chronic obliterating bronchiolitis]. / Bakterial'nyi infektsionnyi protsess u bol'nykh khronicheskim obliteriruiushchim bronkhiolitom.

Chronic obliterating bronchiolitis in children is characterized by the presence of chronic multifactor inflammatory infectious process with Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae being the leading causative agents. The inflammatory process is induced and maintained by S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae or by the association of these two pathogens, but the severity of the clinical course of obliterating bronchiolitis is determined by H. influenzae, which is confirmed by its high detection rate at the phase of exacerbation in patients with pronounced bronchial obstruction.

[Some aspects of pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and diagnosis of occupational chronic occupational bronchitis]. / Nekotorye aspekty patogeneza, kliniki i diagnostiki khronicheskikh bronkhitov professional'noi étiologii.

The article represents data characterizing course of chronic bronchitis in 78 machinery workers subjected to toxic irritative and sensibilizing aerosols. Findings are early bronchial obstruction and pulmonary emphysema, frequent disorders of microcirculation and lesser circle perfusion, propensity to interstitial pulmonary fibrosis and lung hypertension. The results could serve as a base for pathogenetic therapy and necessitate to include COLD into Occupational Diseases Register.

[Prognostic factors influencing results of the surgical treatment of pancreatic cancer]. / Prognosticheskie faktory, vliiaiushchie na rezul'taty khirurgicheskogo lecheniia pri rake podzheludochnoi zhelezy.

In patients with carcinoma of the pancreas 128 gastropancreatoduodenal resections (GPDR), 15 distal resections of the pancreas and 3 pancreatectomies were performed. After GPDR 5-year survival was 12%, the survival median was 24.3 months. Only one patient is living 6 years after left-sided resection and pancreatectomy. Long-term results of the operative treatment for carcinoma of the pancreas depended on the amount of regional metastases, degree of differentiation of the tumor, its size and invasion into the vessels. The long-term results were considerably worse if the tumor was localized in the uncinate process, body and tail of the pancreas. The 5-year survival was noted mainly in patients with the 0 and I stages of the disease. It shows the early diagnostics to be necessary.

[Structural-metabolic features of uremic gastroenteropathy]. / Structurno-metabolicheskoe osobennosti uremicheskoi gastroénteropatii.

Concentrations of uremic toxins in the blood and jejunal juice of 72 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) were studied as well as morphologic changes in biopsies from jejunal mucosa and submucosa, activity and location of acid and alkaline phosphatase as markers of intracellular and transmembrane transport. It was found that maximal excretion of uremic toxins in the jejunum occurs in CRF stage IIA and IIB. In terminal CRF excretion of uremic toxins delays from their concentration in the blood. This process is related with changes in enzymic processes. Histologically, all the examinees exhibited signs of chronic enteritis.

[The ultrastructure of the ciliary epithelium in patients with the Zivert-Kartagener syndrome, bronchiectasis and cystic hypoplasia of the lungs]. / Ul'trastruktura mertsatel'nogo épiteliia bol'nykh pri sindrome Ziverta--Kartagenera, bronkhoéktaziiakh i kistoznoi gipoplazii legkikh.

Ultrastructure of the cilia of the bronchial epithelium was studied in 26 patients with Zivert-Kartagener syndrome, 12 patients with bronchiectasis and 10 patients with cystic lung hypoplasia. All changes of the cytolemma and cytoskeleton are found to be of a combined type. The degree of the bronchial inflammation was of the decisive influence on the state of the ciliary cells. Common features of the ultrastructural alterations are noted in the groups of patients compared. Ultrastructural defects characteristic for the patients with the Zivert-Kartagener triad were not found. It is concluded that all the ultrastructural defects of the ciliary epithelium were of the acquired character.

[Chronic pancreatitis and cancer of the pancreas]. / Khronicheskii pankreatit i rak podzheludochnoi zhelezy.

A microscopic study of 93 preparations of the pancreas from patients with a primary chronic pancreatitis allowed the authors to conclude that the primary chronic pancreatitis is a background favourable for the development of carcinoma, carcinoma of the pancreas being practically always accompanied by an acute inflammatory process. The presence of pancreatitis in patients with carcinoma of the pancreas is responsible for incompetence of pancreatoenteroanastomosis frequently developing in the postoperative period. The application of external controlled trans-anastomosis drainage of the common bile duct and pancreatic ducts resulted in more than 3 times less incidence of this complication.

[Surgical treatment of primary chronic pancreatitis]. / Khirurgicheskoe lechenie pervichnogo khronicheskogo pankreatita.

Surgical methods of treatment of chronic alcoholic pancreatitis must be chosen with special reference to the state of the duct and parenchyma of the pancreas. Treatment of alcoholic patients should be performed with the participation of psychiatrists.

[Morphologic changes in the adrenal cortex in Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome]. / Morfologicheskie izmeneniia kory nadpochechnikov pri sindrome Itsenko-Kushinga.

Having studied the results of investigation of 132 patients with Icenko-Cushing syndrome (68 out of them with different structural variants of adrenal tumours, 68--without adrenal tumours), the authors came to the conclusion that adenomas of dark and mixed polymorphic cells belong to hormonally active adrenal tumours, while light-cell monomorphic adenomas belong to hormonally inactive tumours. An electron-microscopic study provides identification of signs of functional activity in adenomas and cancer tumours, to clear up the additional criteria of anaplasia in them. In patients with Icenko-Cushing syndrome, but without a tumour in the adrenal cortex ultrastructural changes in corticocytes are characteristic of the increase of cellular proliferation and the decrease of incretory activity. The follow-up results of surgical treatment were studied in all cases.

[Changes in various biochemical indices and ultrastructure of ascites tumors after combined administration of cyclophosphamide and levorin]. / Izmenenie nekotorykh biokhimicheskikh pokazatelei i ul'trastruktury astsitnykh opukholei pri sochetannom vozdeistvii tsiklofosfana i levorina.

The fractional composition of chromatin proteins and an electron-microscopic pattern of cell ultrastructure of the Ehrlich ascite tumours and ascite lymphoma NK/Ly were studied when suppressing their growth by a combined action of cyclophosphane and polyene antibiotic. Changes in the fractional composition of chromatin proteins were found under the effect of levorin. A sharp increase in this effect and summation of heterogeneous morphological changes provoked by each of the preparation occur under a combined application of the preparations.

[Characteristics of the ultrastructural alteration in ascitic lymphoma NK/Ly cells as affected by cyclophosphane]. / Osobennosti izmeneniia ul'trastruktury kletok astsitnoi limfomy NK/Ly pod vliianiem tsiklfofosfanom.

The ultrastructure of cells of mouse ascites lymphoma was studied by transmission electron microscopy. It was established that cyclophosphamide treatment (6 days) reduces cell concentration in ascitic fluid and alters tumor cell ultrastructure. Apart from dystrophic and necrotized ones, there are cells exhibiting the signs of active protein synthesis. Viral bodies in tumor cell cytoplasm were observed both in experimental and control animals.