Subject(s)
Air Pollution/prevention & control , Conservation of Natural Resources/economics , Ecosystem , Environment , Air Pollution/legislation & jurisprudence , Animals , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Costs and Cost Analysis , Government Regulation , Health , Humans , Probability , United States , United States Environmental Protection AgencyABSTRACT
Adolescents admitted to a psychiatric hospital frequently experience intense anger towards their parents and are often estranged from them. This reflects the problem both patient and parents have coping with the developmental task of separation and individuation. The authors discuss the importance of treatment to achieve reconciliation in order to facilitate the adolescents' move toward autonomy. The article describes the favorable environment and opportunities for intervention provided in an acute care hospital setting to meet such a goal.
Subject(s)
Depressive Disorder/rehabilitation , Family Therapy/methods , Juvenile Delinquency/rehabilitation , Parent-Child Relations , Acting Out , Adolescent , Aggression/psychology , Depressive Disorder/psychology , Female , Humans , Juvenile Delinquency/psychology , Male , Psychiatric Department, Hospital , Social Environment , Suicide/psychologyABSTRACT
Long-term memory retrieval efficiency was investigated as a potential underlying source of individual and developmental differences in cognitive functioning. Fourth-grade, eighth-grade, and college-aged subjects participated in a task using the Posner letter-matching paradigm. Letter pairs were presented simultaneously under physical-match and name-match instruction conditions. Reaction times were used to estimate parameters of long-term memory retrieval efficiency, basic encoding, decision, and response time, and name and physical output interference. Psychometric tests of verbal and spatial ability were included to assess convergent and discriminant validity of hypothesized relationships between aptitude test performance and basic cognitive processes. Developmental differences were observed in most but not all of the processing variables. Individual difference analyses indicated that less confounded estimates of processing parameters were not systematically related to verbal ability at any age level. Basic encoding and response speed was the most consistent correlate of spatial ability. The results suggest difficulties in previous interpretations of NIPI-verbal ability relationships. The study of cognitive processes in interaction and embedded in meaningful tasks is discussed.