ABSTRACT
In 1954, following the construction of Lake Houston, a change from lightly chlorinated ground sources to a heavily chlorinated surface source of drinking water took place for a sizable part of the population in the city of Houston, Texas. This has provided the opportunity to compare the incidence of urinary tract cancer mortality in populations exposed to heavily chlorinated and lightly chlorinated drinking water. The spatial, diurnal, and seasonal concentrations of chlorination byproducts (trihalomethanes) in Houston water were assessed. The range of concentrations varied from below the limits of detection in treated ground water, to more than 200 mg/l (twice the level allowed by US drinking water standards) in treated lake water. The mortality experience by gender, by race, and by age cohorts for the period 1940 to 1970 from urinary tract cancers and three comparison causes was determined for 56 of Houston's census tracts classified by the duration of exposure to the surface water. By the 1970's 20 years following the switch to surface water, an increase was detected in urinary cancer mortality rates for white females without a corresponding increase observed for white males. No clear-cut trends were found for the non-white population. On balance, a detrimental urinary cancer effect associated with a switch to chlorinated surface water has not been demonstrated yet.
Subject(s)
Hydrocarbons, Halogenated/adverse effects , Urologic Neoplasms/chemically induced , Water Pollutants, Chemical/adverse effects , Water Pollutants/adverse effects , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Hydrocarbons, Halogenated/analysis , Male , Methane/adverse effects , Methane/analogs & derivatives , Methane/analysis , Middle Aged , Texas , Urologic Neoplasms/epidemiology , Urologic Neoplasms/mortality , Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis , Water Supply/analysisABSTRACT
Evaluation of a training program for alcoholism counselors indicated that such training resulted in significant gains in knowledge, changes in attitude, greater ego strength and capacity for self-disclosure, as well as higher ratings of trainees on scales of effectiveness of counseling.
Subject(s)
Alcoholism/rehabilitation , Certification , Counseling/education , Adult , Aged , Attitude of Health Personnel , Cognition , Ego , Humans , Middle Aged , Patient Care Team , Self Disclosure , TexasSubject(s)
Schistosoma mansoni/immunology , Schistosomiasis/diagnosis , Skin Tests , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Complement Fixation Tests , Cross Reactions , False Positive Reactions , Female , Flocculation Tests , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Humans , Hypersensitivity, Delayed , Hypersensitivity, Immediate , Male , Schistosoma/immunology , Schistosoma haematobium/immunology , Schistosomiasis/blood , West IndiesSubject(s)
Alcohol Drinking , Alcoholic Beverages , Records , Adult , Circadian Rhythm , Ethanol/metabolism , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , WritingSubject(s)
Diet , Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Adult , Alcohol Drinking , Animal Population Groups , Animals , Body Weight , Computers , Dietary Carbohydrates , Dietary Fats , Dietary Proteins , Humans , Male , Methods , Middle Aged , Nutrition Surveys , Plant Proteins , Plants , Sucrose , Time Factors , VitaminsSubject(s)
Alcoholic Beverages , Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Adult , Alcohol Drinking , Alcoholic Beverages/analysis , Beer/analysis , Body Weight , Carbohydrates/analysis , Dietary Carbohydrates , Dietary Fats , Dietary Proteins , Ethnicity , Female , Humans , Male , Metabolism , Middle Aged , Nicotinic Acids/analysis , Phosphorus/analysis , Plant Proteins/analysis , Riboflavin/analysis , Sex Factors , WineABSTRACT
The relation between functional antihemophilic factor (AHF) activity and AHF-like antigen was studied in the plasma of 25 known carriers of hemophilia. In 23 cases, this relationship was significantly different from that in normal women, at the 99% limit of confidence. In contrast, among families in which only one case of hemophilia had occurred, only five of nine mothers could be identified as carriers. This observation suggests that in some instances the hemophilia arose from a newly mutant gene. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that the proportion of antigen to AHF activity in carriers is determined by random activation or inactivation of the X chromosome.
Subject(s)
Antigen-Antibody Reactions , AntigensSubject(s)
Carotenoids/analysis , Diet , Nutrition Surveys , Vitamin A/analysis , Adult , Carotenoids/metabolism , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Vitamin A/metabolismSubject(s)
Diet , Multiple Sclerosis , Adult , Calcium, Dietary , Computers , Dietary Carbohydrates , Dietary Fats , Dietary Proteins , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Minerals , Nutritional Requirements , VitaminsABSTRACT
To investigate mechanisms controlling the concentration of serum cholesterol we studied its relationship to the proportions of fatty acids in the lipids of adipose tissue of patients with multiple sclerosis. In 26 men the serum cholesterol concentration had a significant multiple linear regression on the proportion of palmitic, palmitoleic, and grouped longer-chain acids in adipose tissues. In 29 women the serum cholesterol had a significant regression on the proportion of palmitic acid and age. Whether these observations would hold for normal people must be determined in future studies.
