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1.
Vopr Virusol ; 61(6): 245-256, 2016 Dec 28.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36494983

ABSTRACT

Twenty years ago in the South Chinese province of Guangdong the epizooty of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus, which has laid the foundation of the largest epizooty in the contemporary history, has flashed. Hemagglutinin of prototype A/goose/Guangdong/1/1996 (H5N1) changing many times and generating new genetic subgroups participated in various reassortations; it still exists today. The present review is devoted to the retrospective analysis of HPAI/H5N1evolution for the last twenty years in the territory of Eurasia, Africa and America. The basis for the discussion is ecological model according to which new genetic variants are formed in the migration pathways with close contacts between different bird populations and in the overwintering areas where the maximum values of the immune layer occur; amplification of virus variants occurs in nesting areas among juvenile populations. The updated system of designations of genetic groups introduced by WHO/OIE/FAO H5 Evolution Working Group in 2015 is used.

3.
Vopr Virusol ; 53(5): 4-8, 2008.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19069785

ABSTRACT

The epizootic etiologically associated with highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 genotype 2.3.2 that is new for Russia among wild and domestic birds in the south of the Primorye Territory during spring migration in April 2008 has been decoded. About 25% of the wild birds of a water complex, which include European teals (Anas crecca), mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos), great-crested grebes (Podiceps cristatus), are involved in viral circulation in the area of the Suifun-Khankai plain. Chicken embryos and the cell lines MDCK, SPEV, BHK-21, SW-13 were used to isolate 3 strains from recently deceased hens (A/chicken/Primorje/1/08, A/chicken/Primorje/11/08, and A/chicken/Primorje/12/08) and one strain from a European teal (A/Anas crecca/Primorje/8/08). The strains were deposited in the State Collection of Viruses of the Russian Federation, D. I. Ivanovsky Research Institute of Virology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. The nucleotide sequences of the full-sized genomes of A/chicken/Primorje/1/08 and A/Anas crecca/Primorje/8/08 were sent to the International databank GenBank. The strains from domestic and wild birds were shown to be identical. The isolated strains are most close to the strains Alchicken/Viet Nam/10/05, A/chicken/Guangdong/178/04, and A/duck/Viet Nam/12/05. Molecular genetic analysis has indicated that the strains isolated are susceptible to rimantadine and ozeltamivir and less adapted to mammalian cells (particularly, they contain E627 in RV2, which agrees with the biological properties of these strains in vitro). Penetration of the newly isolated virus into the Far East ecosystem provides in the foreseeable future a way for infecting the birds wintering in America and Australia in the nesting places, with further carriage of viral populations there in the period of autumn migrations.


Subject(s)
Disease Outbreaks , Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/classification , Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/genetics , Influenza in Birds/epidemiology , Influenza in Birds/virology , Animal Migration , Animals , Antiviral Agents/pharmacology , Birds/virology , Chickens/virology , Genome, Viral , Genotype , Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/drug effects , Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/isolation & purification , Molecular Sequence Data , Oseltamivir/pharmacology , Phylogeny , Rimantadine/pharmacology , Siberia/epidemiology
4.
Vopr Virusol ; 53(3): 34-8, 2008.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18590134

ABSTRACT

The paper presents the results of the 2003 and 2006 environmental virological monitoring surveys on the Malyi Zhemchuzhnyi Island where a large breeding colony of sea gull (Laridae) is located. In the past several years, expansion of cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo) has enhanced the intensity of populational interactions. The investigators isolated 13 strains of influenza A virus (Orthomyxoviridae, Influenza A virus) subtype H13N1 (from sea gulls (n = 4), cormorants (n = 9) 1 strain of Dhori virus (Orthomyxoviridae, Thogotovirus) from a cormorantwith clinical symptoms of the disease, 3 strains of Newcastle disease virus (Paramyxoviridae, Avulavirus) from cormorants. RT-PCR revealed influenza A virus subtype H5 in 3.1% of the cloacal lavages from cormorants. Neutralization test indicated that sera from cormorants contained specific antibodies against West Nile (Flaviviridae, Flavivirus) (15.0%), Sindbis (Togaviridae, Alphavirus) (5.0%), Dhori (10.0%), and Tahini (Bunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus) (5.0%); sera from herring gulls had antibodies against Dhori virus (16.7%); there were no specific antibodies to Inco (Bunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus) and mountain hare (Lepus timidus) (Bunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus) virus.


Subject(s)
Animals, Wild/virology , Birds/virology , Influenza A virus/isolation & purification , Newcastle Disease/prevention & control , Newcastle disease virus/isolation & purification , Orthomyxoviridae Infections/prevention & control , Thogotovirus/isolation & purification , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Bird Diseases/blood , Bird Diseases/prevention & control , Chick Embryo , Chlorocebus aethiops , Encephalitis Virus, California/immunology , Environmental Monitoring , Epidemiological Monitoring , Geography , Infection Control , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/isolation & purification , Influenza A virus/classification , Influenza in Birds/prevention & control , Mice , Neutralization Tests , Orthobunyavirus , Orthomyxoviridae Infections/blood , Russia/epidemiology , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Sindbis Virus/immunology , Thogotovirus/immunology , Vero Cells , West Nile virus/immunology
5.
Vopr Virusol ; 53(2): 14-9, 2008.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18450104

ABSTRACT

Isolation, followed by the sequencing the full-size genome of strains of A/chicken/Krasnodarl300/07 and A/Cygnus cygnus/Krasnodar/329/07, has shown that they belong to genotype 2.2 (Qinghai-Siberian). The strains were deposited at the State Virus Collection of the Russian Federation and nucleotide consequences were at the International databank GenBank. The strains contained 10 unique amino acid replacements in reference to the consensus of the Qinghai-Siberian genotype in the PB2, PA, HA, NA, and NS1, which suggests that regional variants may form in different parts of an area.


Subject(s)
Animals, Wild/virology , Birds/virology , Disease Outbreaks/veterinary , Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/classification , Influenza in Birds/epidemiology , Influenza in Birds/virology , Amino Acid Substitution , Animals , Cell Line , Chick Embryo , Dogs , Genetic Variation , Genome, Viral , Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/genetics , Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/isolation & purification , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny , Poultry/virology , Russia/epidemiology , Swine , Viral Proteins/genetics , Zoonoses
6.
Vopr Virusol ; 51(3): 10-6, 2006.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16826750

ABSTRACT

Molecular virological studies of the field material collected in the epicenter of epizooty with high mortality among mute swans (Cygnus olor) in the area of the lower estuary of the Volga River (November 2005) could establish the etiological role of highly pathogenic influenza A (HPAI) virus of the subtype H5N1. Ten HPAI/H5N1 strains deposited at the State Collection of Viruses of the Russian Federation with the priority dated December 1, 2005 were isolated from the cloacal/tracheal swabs and viscera of sick and freshly died mute swans. Complete nucleotide sequences of all fragments of the genome of 6 strains have been deposited in the Gene Bank. The paper discusses the molecular genetic characteristics of isolated strains.


Subject(s)
Animals, Wild/virology , Birds/virology , Disease Outbreaks , Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/isolation & purification , Influenza in Birds/epidemiology , Influenza in Birds/virology , Animals , Blood/virology , Cell Line , Cloaca/virology , Dogs , Genes, Viral , Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/genetics , Molecular Sequence Data , Nucleocapsid Proteins , Nucleoproteins/genetics , Orthomyxoviridae/genetics , RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics , RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase/genetics , Russia/epidemiology , Swine , Trachea/virology , Viral Core Proteins/genetics , Viral Matrix Proteins/genetics , Viral Nonstructural Proteins/genetics , Viral Proteins/genetics , Viscera/virology
7.
Vopr Virusol ; 51(6): 14-8, 2006.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17214076

ABSTRACT

Virological and molecular genetic studies of the field material collected in the epicenter of epizooty with high mortality rates among the wild birds on the coast of the Ubsu-Nur lake (Republic of Tyva, 51 degrees NL, 93 degrees EL, June 2006) revealed the etiological role of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1. Seven HPAI/H5N1 strains were isolated from the tracheal/cloacal swabs of clinically healthy, ill and recently dead great-crested grebes (Podiceps cristatus), cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo), balt-coots (Fulica atra), and common terns (Sterna hirundo) collected on June 24, 2006, and incorporated to the RF State Collection of Viruses (with the July 3, 2006 priority). Full-length genome nucleotide sequences were incorporated to the GenBank (with the July 23, 2006 priority) (DQ852600-DQ852607). Comparative analysis of molecular genetic characteristics showed their belonging to the Qinghai-Siberian genotype. The strains were sensitive to rimantadine.


Subject(s)
Animals, Wild/virology , Birds/virology , Carrier State/veterinary , Disease Outbreaks/veterinary , Genome, Viral , Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/classification , Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/isolation & purification , Influenza in Birds/epidemiology , Influenza in Birds/virology , Zoonoses/epidemiology , Zoonoses/virology , Animals , Animals, Wild/classification , Birds/classification , Carrier State/epidemiology , Carrier State/virology , Cloaca/virology , Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/genetics , Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/pathogenicity , Molecular Sequence Data , Siberia/epidemiology , Species Specificity , Trachea/virology , Virulence
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