Asymptomatic microscopic hematuria in adults: summary of the AUA best practice policy recommendations.

The American Urological Association (AUA) convened the Best Practice Policy Panel on Asymptomatic Microscopic Hematuria to formulate policy statements and recommendations for the evaluation of asymptomatic microhematuria in adults. The recommended definition of microscopic hematuria is three or more red blood cells per high-power microscopic field in urinary sediment from two of three properly collected urinalysis specimens. This definition accounts for some degree of hematuria in normal patients, as well as the intermittent nature of hematuria in patients with urologic malignancies. Asymptomatic microscopic hematuria has causes ranging from minor findings that do not require treatment to highly significant, life-threatening lesions. Therefore, the AUA recommends that an appropriate renal or urologic evaluation be performed in all patients with asymptomatic microscopic hematuria who are at risk for urologic disease or primary renal disease. At this time, there is no consensus on when to test for microscopic hematuria in the primary care setting, and screening is not addressed in this report. However, the AUA report suggests that the patient's history and physical examination should help the physician decide whether testing is appropriate.

[Roentgen diagnosis of mandibular fractures. Studies of the macerated skull]. / Zur Röntgendiagnostik von Unterkieferfrakturen. Untersuchungen am mazerierten Schädel.

Useful radiographic positions for the roentgen diagnosis of fractures of the mandible are described and discussed. The outstanding value of orthopantomography for the entire mandible is stressed. Alternative methods are described and evaluated. A special effort is made to demonstrate the mandibular head and neck. The radiation dose required for the various mandibular views is given and a comparison is made.

[Roentgen diagnosis of midfacial fractures]. / Zur Röntgendiagnostik von Mittelgesichtsfrakturen.

The course and configuration of typical maxillofacial fractures (type Le Fort I-III) and lateral maxillary fractures including the zygomatic arch were reconstructed in detail by application of barium paste on a bony skull and radiographs in standard projections were performed and evaluated. It was obvious from the resulting radiographs that for most maxillofacial fractures a half axial or Water's view was most helpful. Lateral views only give additional information when there is a considerable degree of dislocation of fragments. Comparison with a pediatric skull of 8 years of age demonstrated that fractures of the zygomatic arch in this age group cannot be demonstrated by the typical submento-vertical view, but are shown on a Towne projection. The radiographic appearance of important maxillofacial fractures is demonstrated. The necessity of further studies in cases where reconstructive surgery appears necessary is discussed and CT rather then conventional tomography is advocated.

[Extraoral care of mandibular angle fractures]. / Die Extraorale Versorgung der Kieferwinkelfrakturen.

The article reports on the complications occurring with all 144 fractures of the mandibular angle surgically treated during 1970 to 1982. The various systems of osteosynthesis are considered and discussed. Case reports are used to illustrate and complement the explantations.