Applications of intelligent technology in the evaluation of mutagenicity.

Bioassays are widely used in assessment of mutagenicity. Alternative methods have also been developed, including "intelligent evaluation", which depends on the quality of data, strategies, and techniques. CISOC-PSMT is an Ames test prediction system. The strategies and techniques for intelligent evaluation and four applications of CISOC-PSMT are presented; roles in pesticide management, environmental protection, drug discovery, and safety management of chemicals are introduced.

Site-Selective Electrochemical Benzylic C-H Amination.

C-H/N-H cross-coupling is an ideal strategy to synthesize various amines but remains challenging owing to the requirement for sacrificial chemical oxidants and the difficulty in controlling the regio- and chemo-selectivity. Herein we report a site-selective electrochemical amination reaction that can convert benzylic C-H bonds into C-N linkages via H2 evolution without need for external oxidants or metal catalysts. The synthetic strategy involves anodic cleavage of benzylic C-H to form a carbocation intermediate, which is then trapped with an amine nucleophile leading to C-N bond formation. Key to the success is to include HFIP as a co-solvent to modulate the oxidation potentials of the alkylbenzene substrate and the aminated product to avoid overoxidation of the latter.