Design of a real-time frequency stabilization system for dual laser-based interferometer on EAST.

This study addresses the challenge of intermediate frequency (IF) instability in the far-infrared polarimeter/interferometer (POINT) of the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) to ensure the accuracy and stability of electron density measurements. Sudden and extensive IF shifts of the lasers can cause instability and even measurement errors of the diagnostic system. This paper introduces a comprehensive solution for stabilizing IF fluctuations. First, analog IF is converted into digital form using an analog-to-digital converter, and the digitalized signal is processed by a digital signal system based on a ZYNQ processor. The exact value of the IF is obtained by acquiring the point of maximum amplitude through the fast Fourier transform method, while the ZYNQ processor loaded with a fuzzy control algorithm will precisely adjust the laser cavity length via piezoelectric ceramics, achieving frequency stabilization within a target range. Comparative analyses confirm the method's efficacy in managing sudden frequency shifts, maintaining stability within 850 ± 100 kHz (a central frequency of 850 kHz, fluctuating within a range of ±100 kHz), with a control speed of 0.5 s per action and robust against variations up to 270 kHz. This efficient and rapid control mechanism fulfills the critical need for IF stabilization, ensuring the stability and precision of the POINT system in the EAST discharge experiments.

[Efficacy of venetoclax-based induction regimen in newly diagnosed pediatric acute myeloid leukemia].

Objective: To explore the efficacy of venetoclax-based induction regimen for children with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Methods: Children with newly diagnosed AML in Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University and Baoding Hospital Affliliated to Capital Medical University from November 2019 and December 2023 were prospectively included. The patients were divided into DAH group (daunorubicin, cytarabine and homoharringtonine) and VAH group (venetoclax, cytarabine and homoharringtonine) according to induction regimen. The clinical data of the children were collected, the clinical characteristics and induced remission rate between the two groups were compared, and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the related factors affecting the induced remission rate. Results: A total of 135 patients were enrolled, including 96 cases in the DAH group (54 males and 42 females), aged [M (Q1, Q3)] 6.4 (3.9, 11.6) years and 39 cases in the VAH group (26 males and 13 females), aged 8.0 (6.2, 13.2) years. Among patients initially diagnosed with low-medium risk AML, the morphologic complete remission rates were 94.7% (18/19) in the VAH group and 84.4% (38/45) in the DAH group, respectively, and the negativity conversion rates of minirnal residual disease (MRD) were 57.9% (11/19) and 46.7% (21/45), respectively, with no statistically difference (all P>0.05). Among patients initially diagnoised with high-risk AML, the morphologic complete remission rates in the VAH group was higher than that in the DAH group [95.0% (19/20) vs 70.6% (36/51), P=0.027], and negativity conversion rates of MRD were 45.0% (9/20) and 33.3% (17/51), respectively, with no statistically difference (P=0.359). The induction regimen (venetoclax, cytarabine and homoharringtonin) was beneficial to morphological remission (OR=0.126, 95%CI: 0.025-0.629). FLT3 mutation was not conducive to morphological remission (OR=5.832, 95%CI: 1.778-19.124) and negative MRD (OR=4.166, 95%CI: 1.396-12.433). Conclusion: Venetoclax-based induction regimen is more effective than traditional chemotherapy regimen for newly diagnosed pediatric AML.

A terahertz solid-state source interferometer-polarimeter designed for long pulse discharges on EAST.

A 0.65 THz Solid-state Source Interferometer-Polarimeter (SSIP) with vertical viewing has been installed for line-integrated density and Faraday rotation measurements on Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). The SSIP utilizes three independent solid-state diode sources based on frequency multiplier (X48) to provide the probing beam at a fixed frequency of 0.65 THz with ∼2.5 mW output power, which provide an Intermediate Frequency (IF) with wide range, and the highest IF is up to ∼10 MHz. The mixers optimized for high sensitivity, ∼750 mV/mW, are used in the SSIP system, which permits multichannel interferometer-polarimeter on EAST with a low phase noise. The resolution of the integrated density is 3.3 × 1017 m-2, and the Faraday rotation is about 1.5°. The density measurement has been implemented with IF ∼0.85 MHz, in a plasma with plasma current ∼300 kA on EAST. The line-averaged density, 3.5 × 1019 m-3, measured by the SSIP shows good agreement with the results measured by the POlarimeter-INTerferometer (POINT) system and the CO2 dispersion interferometer system in the same discharge.

[Research progress on the pathogenic mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment of McCune-Albright syndrome].

McCune-Albright syndrome is a rare chimeric disorder due to mutations in the postzygotic GNAS gene. It belongs to the group of guanine nucleotide-binding protein diseases, affecting a wide range of individuals. It is characterized by fibrous dysplasia, café-au-lait skin macules, and precocious puberty with other variable clinical manifestations. At present, there are difficulties in the molecular diagnosis of McCune-Albright syndrome, and there is a lack of effective clinical treatments to halt or reverse the course and regression of the disease. This article summarizes the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, pathogenic molecular mechanisms, treatment and relevant fertility guidelines of McCune-Albright syndrome, with a view to further research and therapy of McCune-Albright syndrome.

Development and validation of a nomogram and risk stratification system to predict overall survival after surgical repair for pediatric patients with medulloblastoma based on easily accessible variables.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram and risk stratification system for the overall survival of pediatric patients with medulloblastoma after surgical repair. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this multicenter, retrospective study, consecutive patients who underwent surgery for medulloblastoma at Shanghai Children's Medical Center and the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University from 2010 to 2022 formed the training and external validation datasets, respectively. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed to identify variables associated with mortality in the training dataset. A nomogram prediction model was developed based on independent variables in the multivariable Cox regression analysis to predict the 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and calibration curve were used to evaluate the discrimination and calibration of the nomogram. A risk stratification system based on the median risk score was also established to divide patients into two risk groups. RESULTS: In the training dataset, Cox regression analyses identified tumor size, brainstem involvement and chemotherapy as independent predictors for overall survival. The AUC of the nomogram was 0.75 at 1 year, 0. 75 at 3 years, 0.77 at 5 years in the training dataset, 0.74 at 1 year, 0.70 at 3 years, and 0.70 at 5 years in the validation dataset. The calibration curve for the probability of 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival showed good agreement between the nomogram prediction and actual observation in the training and validation datasets. The risk stratification system could perfectly classify patients into two risk groups, and the overall survival in the two groups had a good division. CONCLUSIONS: This low-cost, convenient, and noninvasive nomogram can be translated into clinical practice as a tool for risk stratification and individualized prognosis prediction for children with medulloblastoma.

Comparison of outcomes between preservation or division of the uterine round ligament in laparoscopic groin hernia repair in females: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to perform a meta-analysis comparing the short-term and long-term outcomes in laparoscopic groin hernia repair with or without preservation of the uterine round ligament (URL) in females. METHODS: We searched several databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and and CNKI databases. This meta-analysis included randomized clinical trials, and retrospective comparative studies regarding preservation or division of the URL in laparoscopic groin hernia repair in females. Outcomes of interest were age, BMI, type of hernia, type of surgery, operating time, estimated blood loss, time of hospitalization, seroma, concomitant injury, mesh infection, recurrence, uterine prolapse, foreign body sensation, chronic pain, and pregnancy. Meta-analyses and trial sequential analysis were performed with Review Manager v5.3 and TSA software, respectively. RESULTS: Of 192 potentially eligible articles, 9 studies with 1104 participants met the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. There were no significant difference in age (MD-6.58, 95% CI - 13.41 to 0.24; P = 0.06), BMI (MD 0.05, 95%CI - 0.31 to 0.40; P = 0.81), blood loss (MD-0.04, 95% CI - 0.75 to 0.66; P = 0.90), time of hospitalization (MD-0.22, 95% CI-1.13 to 0.69; P = 0.64), seroma (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.41 to 1.24; P = 0.23), concomitant injury (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.01 to 8.24; P = 0.68), mesh infection (OR 0.13, 95% CI 0.01 to 2.61; P = 0.18), recurrence (OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.18 to 7.25; P = 0.90), uterine prolapse(OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.07 to 6.94; P = 0.77), foreign body sensation (OR 1.95, 95% CI 0.53 to 7.23; P = 0.32) and chronic pain(OR 1.03 95% CI 0.4 to 2.69; P = 0.95). However, this meta-analysis demonstrated a statistically significant difference in operating time (MD 6.62, 95% CI 2.20 to 11.04; P = 0.0003) between the preservation group and division group. Trial sequential analysis showed that the cumulative Z value of the operating time crossed the traditional boundary value and the TSA boundary value in the third study, and the cumulative sample size had reached the required information size (RIS), indicating that the current conclusion was stable. CONCLUSION: In summary, laparoscopic groin hernia repair in women with the preservation of the round uterine ligament requires a longer operating time, but there was no advantage in short-term or long-term complications, and there was no clear evidence on whether it causes infertility and uterine prolapse.

An E-band multi-channel Doppler backscattering system on EAST.

An E-band (60-90 GHz) multi-channel Doppler backscattering (DBS) system with X-mode polarization has been installed on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST), which can measure the turbulence at five different radial locations simultaneously. This system can launch 31 fixed microwave frequencies in the range of 60-90 GHz with a 1 GHz interval into the plasma, and five probing signals are selected by employing a reference signal and multiple filters. During experiments, the frequency of the reference signal is tunable in the E-band, and the selected probing signals can be changed as needed without any other adjustments, which can be performed in one shot or between shots. Furthermore, the incident angle can be adjusted from -10° to 20°, and the wavenumber range is 4-25 cm-1 with a wavenumber resolution of Δk/k ≤ 0.35. Ray tracing simulations are employed to calculate the scattering locations and the perpendicular wavenumber. In this article, the hardware design, ray tracing, and initial results obtained from the EAST plasma will be presented.

[Investigation on reproductive health status of women workers in different positions in oilfield enterprises].

Objective: The status and influencing factors of reproductive health (including menstrual period and gynecological diseases) of female workers in different positions of oilfield enterprises were analyzed. Methods: From January to December 2020, a total of 979 female workers in an oil field were selected as research objects by the judgment sampling method, and the "Female Reproductive Health Survey" was used as the investigation tool to investigate the demographic characteristics, menstrual status and gynecological diseases. The influential factors were analyzed by 2-test and logistic regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of abnormal menstruation was 26.1% (256/979), dysmenorrhea 53.1% (520/979), and gynecological diseases 54.34% (532/979). The prevalence of breast disease was 23.39% (229/979), uterine disease 11.03% (108/979), cervical disease 10.32% (101/979), and HPV infection 7.97% (78/979). Age, the nature of the job and whether occupational harmful factors were clear were the influencing factors of gynecological diseases (P=0.001, 0.000, 0.007). Age, job nature, working hours and work intensity were the influencing factors of abnormal menstruation (P=0.005, 0.000, 0.000, 0.010) . Conclusion: The reproductive health status of female workers in different positions of oil field enterprises is not optimistic, and the reproductive health status of female workers in professional and technical positions needs to be improved.

Non-inductive plasma vertical position measurement for the 1056 s discharge on EAST.

Vertical position stability plays a crucial role in maintaining safe and reliable plasma operation for long-pulse fusion devices. In general, the vertical position is measured by using inductive magnetic coils installed inside the vacuum vessel; however, the integration drift effects are inherent for steady-state or long-pulse plasma operation. Developing a non-magnetic approach provides a fusion reactor-relevant steady-state solution that avoids the negative impact of integration drift. In this paper, we compare the non-inductively determined vertical position achieved by line-integrated interferometer and polarimeter measurements to that employing an inductive flux loop for a 1056 s discharge recently achieved on EAST (Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak). Experimental results show that the non-inductive measurement is more robust than flux loops after 300 s if the integrator is not reset to suppress integrator drift. Real-time vertical position control using the non-inductive system is proposed for the next EAST experimental campaign.

[Outcomes at discharge of preterm infants born <34 weeks' gestation].

Objective: To investigate the incidence and trend of short-term outcomes among preterm infants born <34 weeks' gestation. Methods: A secondary analysis of data from the standardized database established by a multicenter cluster-randomized controlled study "reduction of infection in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) using the evidence-based practice for improving quality (REIN-EPIQ) study". This study was conducted in 25 tertiary NICU. A total of 27 192 infants with gestational age <34 weeks at birth and admitted to NICU within the first 7 days of life from May 2015 to April 2018 were enrolled. Infants with severe congenital malformation were excluded. Descriptive analyses were used to describe the mortality and major morbidities of preterm infants by gestational age groups and different admission year groups. Cochran-Armitage test and Jonckheere-Terpstra test were used to analyze the trend of incidences of mortality and morbidities in 3 study-years. Multiple Logistic regression model was constructed to analyze the differences of outcomes in 3 study-years adjusting for confounders. Results: A total of 27 192 preterm infants were enrolled with gestational age of (31.3±2.0) weeks at birth and weight of (1 617±415) g at birth. Overall, 9.5% (2 594/27 192) of infants were discharged against medical advice, and the overall mortality rate was 10.7% (2 907/27 192). Mortality for infants who received complete care was 4.7% (1 147/24 598), and mortality or any major morbidity was 26.2% (6 452/24 598). The incidences of moderate to severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia, sepsis, severe intraventricular hemorrhage or periventricular leukomalacia, proven necrotizing enterocolitis, and severe retinopathy of prematurity were 16.0% (4 342/27 192), 11.9% (3 225/27 192), 6.8% (1 641/24 206), 3.6% (939/25 762) and 1.5% (214/13 868), respectively. There was a decreasing of the overall mortality (P<0.001) during the 3 years. Also, the incidences for sepsis and severe retinopathy of prematurity both decreased (both P<0.001). However, there were no significant differences in the major morbidity in preterm infants who received complete care during the 3-year study period (P=0.230). After adjusting for confounders, infants admitted during the third study year showed significantly lower risk of overall mortality (adjust OR=0.62, 95%CI 0.55-0.69, P<0.001), mortality or major morbidity, moderate to severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia, sepsis and severe retinopathy of prematurity, compared to those admitted in the first study year (all P<0.05). Conclusions: From 2015 to 2018, the mortality and major morbidities among preterm infants in Chinese NICU decreased, but there is still space for further efforts. Further targeted quality improvement is needed to improve the overall outcome of preterm infants.

Experimental Evidence of Intrinsic Current Generation by Turbulence in Stationary Tokamak Plasmas.

High-ß_{θe} (a ratio of the electron thermal pressure to the poloidal magnetic pressure) steady-state long-pulse plasmas with steep central electron temperature gradient are achieved in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak. An intrinsic current is observed to be modulated by turbulence driven by the electron temperature gradient. This turbulent current is generated in the countercurrent direction and can reach a maximum ratio of 25% of the bootstrap current. Gyrokinetic simulations and experimental observations indicate that the turbulence is the electron temperature gradient mode (ETG). The dominant mechanism for the turbulent current generation is due to the divergence of ETG-driven residual flux of current. Good agreement has been found between experiments and theory for the critical value of the electron temperature gradient triggering ETG and for the level of the turbulent current. The maximum values of turbulent current and electron temperature gradient lead to the destabilization of an m/n=1/1 kink mode, which by counteraction reduces the turbulence level (m and n are the poloidal and toroidal mode number, respectively). These observations suggest that the self-regulation system including turbulence, turbulent current, and kink mode is a contributing mechanism for sustaining the steady-state long-pulse high-ß_{θe} regime.

[Clinical and genetic features of seven children with MYH9-related disease].

Objective: To summarize and analyze of the clinical and genetic characteristics of children with nonmuscle myosin heavy chain 9 (MYH9)-related disease (MYH9-RD). Methods: To screen the patients who were first diagnosed as "chronic/refractory immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) " from April 2016 to May 2019 in Beijing Children's Hospital by genetic and clinical examinations, then the clinical manifestation, laboratory examination and genetics results of 7 children diagnosed with MYH9-RD were collected and summarized retrospectively. Results: Among 7 children diagnosed with MYH9-RD, 3 were males and 4 females. The age of onset was 1.25 (0.41-6.16) years. The course of disease was 2.16 (0.41-8.59) years. The automatic platelet count was (9 (5-30))×109/L. All the cases were found with giant platelets under microscope,and the manual platelet count was (70 (30-100))×109/L. Four cases had skin hemorrhage or epistaxis and 3 cases had no bleeding. All 7 patients had received first-or second-line therapy of ITP, of whom 1 case received splenic embolization, and all the treatments mentioned above were ineffective. Finally, it was confirmed that all 7 patients had heterozygous missense mutations of MYH9 gene by next generation sequencing (NGS), including 2 pedigrees and 5 sporadic cases. Four sporadic mutations occurred in N-terminal globular head domain (HD), and 1 sporadic case with p.D1424N mutations occurred in the C-terminal tail domain (TD). One of the pedigrees also had p.D1424N mutation. The other familial case had a novel variant with one missense variant p.A44D caused by the c.131C>A transition. One of the two p.R702 mutations had kidney damage, and several relatives of the new p.A44D mutations had deafness. Conclusions: In this study, the spontaneous mutations of seven MYH9-RD were common, and all patients were misdiagnosed as ITP, whereas the bleeding was mild and immunotherapy was ineffective. The suspected disease can be identified earlier by manual visual platelet volume and count, which can be confirmed by genetic testing. It is more important to monitor the development of other organs damage instead of thrombocytopenia. For cases with p.R702 mutations the doctor should be aware of kidney damage, and for the cases with novel mutations p.A44D the doctor should be aware of hearing loss.

[Visualization analysis of relevant literature on occupational health risk assessment from 2010 to 2019].

Objective: To understand the research status of occupational health risk assessment in recent ten years. Methods: In April 2020, the literatures related to occupational health risk assessment published by CNKI and Web of Science core collection (WoSCC) databases from 2010 to 2019 were searched, and Excel 2016 software was used to organize the literature, CiteSpace 5.6.R2 software was used for visual analysis. Results: A total of 58 Chinese literatures and 407 English literatures were included. The authors of the high frequency posts were Zhang Meibian, and Alessandro Marinaccio, and the publishing institutions were mainly the National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and Finnish Institute Occupational Health. The Chinese journal with the most articles was Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, and the English journal was Safety Science. Chinese high-frequency keywords mainly included risk assessment, occupational health, occupational exposure. English high-frequency keywords mainly included occupational health, risk, risk factor. The prominent words in Chinese literature were occupational health, coal dust, occupational hazards, occupational health and occupational disease hazards; Risk assessment, worker, exposure, heart disease, cardiovascular disease and so on were prominent words in English literature. Conclusion: The main research keywords in the field of occupational health risk assessment at home and abroad focus on occupational health and risk assessment, but the research direction and focus are slightly different.

[Clinical features and prognosis of patients with leptomeningeal metastases].

Objective: To describe the clinical manifestations, neuroimaging, cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) cytology and prognosis of Leptomeningeal metastases(LM). Methods: The clinical manifestations, imaging features and CSF cytology of LM patients admitted to Henan Provincial People's Hospital from May 1, 2015 to May 31, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The overall survival (OS) was evaluated by the time from the diagnosis of LM to death. Results: A total of 88 patients with LM were enrolled in the study, and the median age was 59 years (range:28-78 years). There were 42 males (47.7%) and 46 females (52.3%). According to the pathological classification, it was lung cancer in 58 cases (65.9%), gastric cancer in 13 cases (14.8%), breast cancer in 7 cases (8.0%), melanoma in 1 case, esophageal cancer in 1 case, gallbladder cancer in 1 case, renal cell carcinoma in 1 case, double source cancer in 2 cases, and unknown source in 4 cases. The median Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score was 50. LM was the initial manifestation of cancer in 34 patients. All patients had LM-related clinical symptoms, including headache in 73 cases (83.0%), nausea and vomiting in 63 cases (71.6%), abnormal physical and mental behaviors in 37 cases (42.0%), seizure in 41 cases (46.6%). Cranial nerve involvement was observed in 23 patients (39.0%) and spinal nerve involvement in 20(33.9%). There were 61 patients (83.6%) who showed neuroimaging features of LM. Tumor cells or atypical cells were found in 90.8% of patients for the first time, and activated monocytes in 47 cases (54.7%). The median OS was 13.0 weeks (95%CI:2.9-23.1) with the 1-year survival rate of 19.1%. Univariate analysis of survival indicated that lung cancer, lower KPS score, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and whole brain radiotherapy were favorable predictors of survival (P<0.05). Conclusions: The overall prognosis of LM is poor. Good physical condition, TKIs treatment and whole brain radiotherapy might improve clinical outcomes of LM patients.

The role of Sigma-1 receptor agonist in hepatic ischemiareperfusion injury.

Sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) is a ligand-operated protein that modulates activity of various proteins. It is expressed within the endoplasmic reticulum membranes of multiple organs. We examined the role of Sig-1R in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). We studied IRI indicators in Sig-1R-/- mice and compared them with wild-type controls. In addition, we assessed the influence of Sig-1R agonist, fluvoxamine, on IRI in both types of animals. We found that Sig-1R-/- mice exhibited significantly decreased liver damage after hepatic IRI as compared to wild-type mice. This effect was manifested by decreased serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (AST), aspartate aminotransferase (ALT), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and supernatant level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), decreased endothelial glycocalyx shedding indexed by decreased serum levels of heparan sulfate and syndecan-1, slightly improved liver histology and reduced metalloproteinase-9 expression. Furthermore, in comparison to Sig-1R-/- mice, fluvoxamine significantly increased serum levels of AST, ALT, MPO, and LDH in wildtype animals in a dose-dependent manner at 6 h after IRI. Our findings demonstrate that the absence of Sig-1R provides a protective effect during hepatic IRI. Sig-1R-mediated signaling pathways may play distinct roles in IRI in different organs. The dynamic interaction between Sig-1R and other signaling molecules in different organs needs to be examined further.

[Clinical study of butterfly cartilage myringoplasty for anterior quadrant tympanic perforation under endoscope].

Objective: To evaluate the results of butterfly cartilage myringoplasty for anterior quadrant tympanic perforation under endoscope. Methods: Thirty-eight patients with anterior quadrant tympanic perforations who were subjected to endoscopic butterfly cartilage myringoplasty from April 2016 to October 2018 were included in this study, including 16 males and 22 females, with an average age of (34.5±14.2) years. The patients were reviewed retrospectively, and the pre-and post-operative pure tone audiometry (PTA) thresholds, pre-and post-operative air-bone gaps (ABG), post-operative graft success rates and complications were evaluated. SPSS 23.0 was used to analyze data. Results: Mean post-operative follow-up duration was (9.4±3.1) months (range 6-18 months). The graft survival rate was 94.7% (36/38) . The preoperative and postoperative mean PTA was (30.9±8.9) dB HL and (21.4±7.7) dB HL respectively. Preoperative and postoperative mean ABG was (18.4±6.3) dB and (10.8±6.0) dB respectively. There was significant difference between pre-and postoperative PTA and ABG (t=5.353 and 4.162, P<0.05 for both). A postoperative ABG reduction of (8.3±1.5) dB was reached. Two (4.7%) patients had postoperative myringitis, two (4.7%) had recurrent perforation, and one (2.4%) had lateral healing of transplanted tympanic membrane in the postoperative follow-ups. No intratympanic cholesteatoma was observed. Conclusions: Endoscopic butterfly inlay myringoplasty is a reliable, minimally invasive alternative method to repair anterior tympanic membrane perforations, with high closure rate and low risk of complications.

[Implications, spiritual characteristics and practical significance of Chinese schistosomiasis control culture].

The culture of schistosomiasis control is specific in the history of Chinese culture. Broadly speaking, the culture of schistosomiasis control is a summary of specific social mood, social consciousness and material culture created by Chinese populations during the progress of schistosomiasis control since the founding of the People's Republic of China. Narrowly speaking, the culture of schistosomiasis control is the spiritual culture that is jointly created and nurtured by schistosomiasis control workers since the founding of the People's Republic of China. The spiritual features of Chinese schistosomiasis control culture are characterized by the patriotism and care about the people, the matter-to-fact attitude, the pioneering and enterprising spirit, and the spirit of sacrifice and dedication. The ultimate goal of the research on the culture of schistosomiasis control is to facilitate the achievement of the strategic goal of Healthy China 2030 as scheduled, accelerate the progress towards elimination of schistosomiasis, and to promote the sustainable development of schistosomiasis control in China.

[Challenges and countermeasures of schistosomiasis control in Hunan Province in the new era].

This paper describes the current epidemic characteristics and endemic status of schistosomiasis, analyzes the main challenges of schistosomiasis control and proposes the emphasis and interventions for future schistosomiasis control activities in Hunan Province, so as to provide insights into the elimination of schistosomiasis in Hunan Province.

[Efficacy of minimally invasive pulmonary surfactant administration in preterm infants with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome: a multicenter clinical trial].

Objective: To explore the feasibility and safety of minimally invasive surfactant administration (MISA) in preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS). Methods: In this multicenter prospective randomized controlled trial, 92 preterm infants with gestation age ≤30 weeks and diagnosed with NRDS were enrolled in 8 level Ⅲ neonatal intensive care units (NICU) in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region from 1(st) July 2017 to 31(st) December 2018. They were randomly assigned to minimally invasive surfactant administration (MISA) group or endotracheal intubation surfactant administration (EISA) group according to random number generated by computer. Infants in both groups received calf pulmonary surfactant preparation at a dose of 70-100 mg/kg. The data of demography, perinatal situation, medication administration, complications, clinical outcomes in the two groups were compared with Chi-square test, Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U test or Fisher's exact test. Results: Among the 92 preterm infants, 53 were males, 39 were females; 47 were in the MISA group (25 males), and 45 were in the EISA group (28 males). The gestational age and birth weight were (29.5±1.2) weeks and (1 271±242) g in all patients, (29.5±1.4) weeks and (1 285±256) g in the MISA group, and (29.6±0.9) weeks and (1 255±227) g in the EISA group. The duration of surfactant infusion and the length of whole procedure in the MISA group were significantly longer than that in the EISA group (60 (18, 270) s vs. 50 (30, 60) s, Z=3.009, P=0.003; 90 (60, 300) s vs. 60 (44, 270) s, Z=3.365, P=0.001). For the outcomes, the incidence of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) were lower in the MISA group than in the EISA group (36% (17/47) vs. 67% (30/45), χ(2)=8.556, P=0.003; 26% (12/47) vs. 47% (21/45), χ(2)=4.464, P=0.035). Conclusions: Minimally invasive surfactant administration is applicable in preterm infants ≤30 weeks gestational age with NRDS. Although the length of whole procedure is longer than route endotracheal administration, the benefit of decreasing the incidences of hsPDA and BPD outweighs this demerit.

[Study on occupational exposure characteristics of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in workers of Carbon Enterprises].

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the workplace and for various types of work in a carbon enterprise based on the measurement data of various components of PAHs in the air from the workplace of the carbon enterprise, and to provide a scientific basis for protection against PAHs in this enterprise. Methods: In July 2017, a carbon enterprise in Shandong Province and its on-duty workers were chosen as subjects. On-site occupational hygiene investigation and high-performance liquid chromatography were used to investigate and determine the presence and concentrations of PAHs in various workshops and various types of work in the enterprise, and toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ) was used to evaluate the carcinogenic level of PAHs. Results: The components of PAHs with relatively high content in the air of the workplace in the carbon enterprise were fluoranthene, pyrene, benzanthracene, X, and benzo[a]pyrene, with mean concentrations of 1 485.66, 864.66, 805.35, 500.08, and 120.88 ng/m(3), respectively. There were significant differences between the three workshops in the concentrations of PAHs components (benzo[a]pyrene, benzanthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, X, fluoranthene, pyrene, fluorene, indenopyrene, and anthracene) and total TEQ (P<0.05) . The total TEQ of PAHs in the molding workshop was significantly higher than that in other workshops (P<0.05) . There were significant differences between different types of work in the exposure to pyrene and fluoranthene and TEQ (P<0.05) . Shaking-table operators, moving-sieve operators, batching operators, fabric workers, and hot-oil stove workers had higher exposure levels of PAHs. The exposure concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene and benzanthracene were highly correlated with total TEQ. Conclusion: The concentration of PAHs in the working environment of the carbon enterprise is generally higher; benzo[a]pyrene and fluoranthene are the PAHs components against which special protective measures need to be taken; molding workshops are the workshops that are most seriously endangered by PAHs; shaking-table operators are the type of workers needing special protection against PAHs. The occupational hazards of PAHs in the carbon industry cannot be ignored, against which corresponding protective measures should be formulated based on their exposure characteristics.