The effects of forewarning and divided attention on context retrieval in false recognition.

After studying a list of words that are semantically associated to a critical lure, participants are more likely to attribute a falsely recognised critical lure to the context of its strong than weak semantic associates. This is known as the source-strength effect. The current study investigated the roles of automatic and controlled processing in context retrieval in false recognition that is demonstrated by the source-strength effect. The results revealed that the source-strength effect was impervious to forewarning (Experiment 1) and remained intact when attentional resources at encoding were reduced (Experiment 2), suggesting that context retrieval in false recognition is based on automatic processes that are not amenable to conscious control and do not require many attentional resources. This interpretation is consistent with the associative activation theory, which proposes that context retrieval in false recognition is based on memory associations between contexts and critical lures that are automatically created when critical lures become automatically activated via spreading activation process.

Stress and Internet Addiction: Mediated by Anxiety and Moderated by Self-Control.

Background: The link between stress and Internet addiction (IA) has been confirmed. However, the mechanism underlying the correlation is poorly understood. Thus, the current study proposed a moderated mediation model to test the mediating role of anxiety and the moderating role of self-control (SC) in the link between stress and IA. Methods: Eight hundred and sixty-one Chinese college students (Mage = 20.62 years; SD = 1.58; male = 47.7%) were required to complete an online questionnaire package, including a depression-anxiety-stress scale, a self-control scale, and an Internet addiction test. The PROCESS macro developed based on SPSS was used to test the moderated mediation model. Results: When controlling for gender and age, the results revealed that anxiety partially mediated the link between stress and IA. Specifically, the more stressed college students are, the higher their anxiety level is, and the more likely they are to become addicted to the Internet. Additionally, the direct and indirect links between stress and IA were all moderated by SC. SC buffered the effect of stress on anxiety and anxiety on IA but enhanced stress on IA. Conclusion: These findings emphasized the predictor role of stress on IA and provided insights on intervening in college students' excessive Internet use behaviors for educators, such as reducing anxiety levels and improving self-control abilities.

A new species of the genus Psilota Meigen, 1822 (Diptera: Syrphidae) from China.

The genus Psilota Meigen, 1822 is recorded for the first time from China, and the species Psilota bashanensis Huo and Zhao sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on the adult male. The complete cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene of this new species has been successfully obtained and compared to that of other congeneric species. An updated key to adult males of the genus Psilota from the Palaearctic Region is also provided.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Melanostoma mellinum (Linnaeus, 1758) (Diptera: Syrphidae) and phylogenetic analysis.

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Melanostoma mellinum (Linnaeus, 1758) was sequenced using the-next generation sequencing technology. The assembled mitogenome of M. mellinum has a total length of 16,055bp and contains 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs). The results of phylogenetic reconstruction based on the combined mitochondrial gene dataset indicated that M. mellinum belongs to Melanostoma genus with a close relationship to Melanostoma orientale, but the monophyly of the tribe Bacchini is not well supported.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Eristalinus viridis (Coquillett, 1898) (Diptera: Syrphidae) and its phylogenetic implications.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Eristalinus viridis (Coquillett, 1898) was obtained for the first time using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). The mitogenome assembly of E. viridis is 15,640 bp in length and its annotation confirms the presence of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), and one putative control region. The results of the phylogenetic analyses using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian inference recover a highly supported sister relationship between E. viridis and Mallota bellus.

Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome of Lathyrophthalmus quinquestriatus (Fabricius, 1794)(Diptera, Syrphidae).

In this study, we present the complete mitogenome of Lathyrophthalmu quinquestriatus (Fabricius, 1794), which has a total length of 16,198 base pairs and includes 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and one putative control region. Most PCGs started with ATN codons except COX1 (CAA), and ended with TAA, TAG (ND3) or single T(ND5). The results of phylogenetic tree reconstruction show that the monophyly of subfamily Eristalinae is not supported, and the closer relationship between genus Lathyrophthalmus and Eristalinus.

The neural correlates of context retrieval in false recognition.

Previous research has demonstrated that some false recognitions are accompanied by retrieval of contexts in which the corresponding semantic associates were presented during the study phase. What kind of neural processes support context retrieval in false recognition? Using functional MRI (fMRI), we tested the hypothesis that context retrieval in false recognition might be supported by brain areas in the core recollection network which also support context retrieval in true recognition. During the study, lists of semantically associated words were presented together with scene pictures that served as contexts. During test, participants judged whether the presented word was old or new. If old, they judged which scene picture was its context and rated memory strength for the context. The results revealed that several regions in the core recollection network, including the bilateral hippocampus, left angular gyrus, and left anterior cingulate cortex, showed greater activations for true recognitions with strong context memory than those with weak context memory. More importantly, these same regions also showed greater activations for false recognitions with strong context memory than those with weak context memory. These findings helped account for why some false recognitions are vivid and accompanied by retrieval of context.

Recognition without Cued Recall across Chinese and English: Exploring the Role of Phonological, Orthographic, and Semantic Features.

Recognition without cued recall (RWCR) is a phenomenon that participants can effectively discriminate cues that resemble studied items from the ones that do not, even when they are not able to recall a studied item which is cued at test. It has been shown that a word's features could give rise to the RWCR effect. In the present study, by using this paradigm, we systematically investigated whether particular types of features alone, including orthographic, phonological, and semantic features, could evoke feelings of familiarity. By taking the advantage of a logographically scripted language (i.e., Chinese) to dissociate phonological from orthographic features in Experiment 1 and vice versa in Experiment 2, we examined whether phonological and orthographic features could induce a significant RWCR effect. In Experiment 3, by using a cross-language design to dissociate sematic features from orthographic and phonological features, we further explored whether separate semantic features could elicit the RWCR effect. A significant RWCR effect was found in all these experiments. These results have demonstrated that familiarity could be based on separate phonological, orthographic, and semantic features. The results are further discussed in relation to several theoretical explanations of familiarity.

Attachment style predicts cooperation in intuitive but not deliberative response in one-shot public goods game.

Cooperation is an important prosocial behaviour that is of great significance to individuals and society. The social heuristics hypothesis (SHH) systematically explains how cooperation is interactively affected by intuitive and deliberative processes. On the one hand, the intuitive process can be either cooperative or selfish, which is determined by previous experience. On the other hand, the deliberative process could support either a cooperative decision or a selfish decision, depending on which strategy could maximise the current payoff. This research aims to investigate the mechanism of cooperation. Attachment style was selected as a proxy for previous experience to examine whether and how previous life experience shapes intuitive response. Time constraint (Studies 1 and 2) and cognitive load (Study 3) were manipulated to dissociate the intuitive and deliberative processes. In addition, cooperation was assessed by adopting one-shot public goods games. Results showed that attachment avoidance (Studies 1, 2, and 3) and attachment anxiety (Study 3) significantly predicted cooperation in the intuition condition, whereas these associations were insignificant in the deliberation condition (Studies 1, 2, and 3). These findings provide further support for the SHH and shed new light on the mechanism of cooperation.

Design of a Piezoelectric Accelerometer with High Sensitivity and Low Transverse Effect.

In order to meet the requirements of cable fault detection, a new structure of piezoelectric accelerometer was designed and analyzed in detail. The structure was composed of a seismic mass, two sensitive beams, and two added beams. Then, simulations including the maximum stress, natural frequency, and output voltage were carried out. Moreover, comparisons with traditional structures of piezoelectric accelerometer were made. To verify which vibration mode is the dominant one on the acceleration and the space between the mass and glass, mode analysis and deflection analysis were carried out. Fabricated on an n-type single crystal silicon wafer, the sensor chips were wire-bonged to printed circuit boards (PCBs) and simply packaged for experiments. Finally, a vibration test was conducted. The results show that the proposed piezoelectric accelerometer has high sensitivity, low resonance frequency, and low transverse effect.

Note: High temperature pressure sensor for petroleum well based on silicon over insulator.

In order to meet the requirements in petroleum well, a novel structure of high temperature pressure sensor based on the silicon over insulator (SOI) technology is proposed in this paper. The SOI sensor chip is bonded with a glass ring by electrostatic bonding. By controlling the inner diameter of the glass ring, the size of the circle membrane is obtained precisely. And the detailed parameters of the structure are established through analysis. Then, the sensor is fabricated. The test results show that this type sensor has high sensitivity and accuracy. It is able to measure at the temperature up to 180 °C and the measuring range is 60 MPa. Moreover, the results we got are closer to the actual situation.