Screen time and childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: The association between screen time and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been controversial. This study sheds light on the contentious correlation between screen time and ADHD. CONTENT: Until August 2022, electronic searches of the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were carried out. The combined effect value odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) were calculated for the meta-analysis using Stata 12.0. There were 81,234 children in the nine studies that made up this meta-analysis which included 28,997 children with ADHD and 52,237 healthy controls. When compared with the screen time <2  h/d, the OR (95 % CI) value of screen time and ADHD in the screen time ≥2 h/d group was 1.51 (1.20-1.90). SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK: Based on the current meta-analysis results, our study found a positive correlation between screen time and the risk of ADHD. Excessive screen exposure may significantly contribute to the development of ADHD in children. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce screen time per day in children to prevent the occurrence of ADHD.

Blood and hair copper levels in childhood autism spectrum disorder: a meta-analysis based on case-control studies.

OBJECTIVES: The association between copper levels and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been a controversial topic. This study investigated relationship between copper levels and ASD. CONTENT: The following databases are searched until April 2022: PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science. Combined effect size standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated with Stata 12.0. In this meta-analysis, 29 case-control studies were included, which included 2,504 children with ASD and 2,419 healthy controls. The copper levels in hair (SMD: -1.16, 95% CI: -1.73 to -0.58) was significantly lower in ASD children than healthy controls. The copper levels in blood (SMD: 0.10, 95% CI: -0.12 to 0.32) not significantly compare ASD with controls. SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK: Copper may be associated with the development of ASD in children.

The association between bisphenol a exposure and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children: a meta-analysis of observational studies.

INTRODUCTION: The association between Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been a controversial topic. Objective: To evaluate the connection between BPA exposure and ADHD. CONTENT: We search Scopus, Web of Science, and Medline databases until August 2022. The meta-analysis was performed by using the software Stata 12.0 to calculate the combined effect value Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI). A total of 8 studies were included in this meta-analysis, including 5,710 children. Using the random effect model, it was found that compared with the lowest level of BPA exposure, the OR (95%CI) value of urine BPA exposure and ADHD in the highest level of BPA exposure was 1.76 (1.13-2.74). SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK: Based on the current meta-analysis results, BPA exposure may be a significant contributing factor to the development of ADHD in children.

Protective effect of alpha-lipoic acid on bisphenol A-induced learning and memory impairment in developing mice: nNOS and keap1/Nrf2 pathway.

The adverse effects of bisphenol A (BPA) on learning and memory may be related with oxidative stress, but the mechanisms are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of damaged learning and memory caused by BPA through inducing oxidative stress, as well as to explore whether alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) show a protective action. Female mice were exposed to 0.1 µg/mL BPA, 0.2 µg/mL BPA, 0.6 mg/mL ALA, and 0.2 BPA + ALA through drinking water for 8 weeks. The results showed that ALA protected against the impairment of spatial, recognition, and avoidance memory caused by BPA. ALA replenished the reduce of hippocampus coefficient, serum estradiol (E2) level, and hippocampal neurotransmitters levels induced by BPA. ALA alleviated BPA-induced oxidative stress and hippocampal histological changes. BPA exposure reduced the levels of synaptic structural proteins and PKC/ERK/CREB pathway proteins, and ALA improved these reductions. ALA altered the protein levels of nNOS and keap1/Nrf2 pathway affected by BPA. Our results suggested that impairments of learning and memory caused by BPA was related to the damage of hippocampal synapses mediated by oxidative stress, and ALA protected learning and memory by reducing the oxidative stress induced by BPA through regulating the nNOS and keap1/Nrf2 pathway.

Sleep time and homework hours/daily are associated with reduced visual acuity among school students aged 9-18 in Shenyang in 2016.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this survey was to explore the prevalence of reduced visual acuity and its associated factors among school students in Shenyang in 2016. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study using data from the Ministry of Education' Student Physical Fitness (MESPF) monitoring in 2016. A total of 13,642 students aged 9-18 years were surveyed in Shenyang. The unaided distance visual acuity was measured, and questionnaire on lifestyle behaviors that may affect visual acuity was investigated among students. The prevalence of reduced visual acuity and its associated factors were analyzed. RESULTS: The average prevalence of reduced visual acuity among students aged 9-18 years was 65.8%, and severe reduced visual acuity was main (42.9%), and there were statistical effect of age, gender, and region on the prevalence of reduced visual acuity. Binary and multi variable logistic regression results revealed that students sleeping <8 h, homework hours ⩾1 h, and parental myopia had an increased risk of reduced visual acuity. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep time <8 h and homework time ⩾1 h may be associated with reduced visual acuity among students in Shenyang. Therefore, it is benefit for student to get enough sleep and decreasing studying time in order to prevent and reduce poor vision.

Case-control study of early liferelated risk factors associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus in children / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the affecting factors of type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM) in children, and to provide reference for the prevention and treatment measures in the future.@*Methods@#A case-control study was carried out among 106 children diagnosed with T1DM in a hospital in Shenyang. At the same time, 106 healthy children were selected as the control group by 1∶1 matching of age, gender and living area. The early life-related factors that may affect the development of T1DM in two groups were investigated by questionnaire.@*Results@#The average age of diagnosis in 106 cases with T1DM was(8.02±3.49) years, girls accounted for 60.4% and boys 39.6%. Multi-factor Logistic regression analysis showed that high family socioeconomic status and higher education of fathers were associated with lower odds of development of T1DM. Family member smoking(OR=2.51, 95%CI=1.19-5.29), family history of diabetes(OR=2.56, 95%CI=1.18-5.55), maternal obesity(OR=5.42, 95%CI=2.49-11.83) and infection during pregnancy(OR=3.45, 95%CI=1.04-11.46) were associated with higher risk of T1DM(P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The occurrence of T1DM in children is affected by many factors including heredity, maternal health during pregnancy and family economy,highlighting the importance of early life prevention of T1DM.

Exacerbating lupus nephritis following BPA exposure is associated with abnormal autophagy in MRL/lpr mice.

For the development of Lupus nephritis, environmental factors are reasoned to be one of the risk factors. In recent years, the role of bisphenol A (BPA) in kidney injury has attracted wide attention. In this study, we explored the nephrotoxicity and its possible mechanism of BPA exposure to lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice. Orally exposure of BPA increased serum anti-dsDNA level and urinary protein, and aggravated renal pathological injury in MRL/lpr mice. BPA increased the expression of NF-κB protein and activated the inflammatory response in both MRL/lpr and C57 mice. Unlike C57 mice, BPA exposure partially activated autophagy associated proteins, but the autophagy signaling pathway lacked the regulation of Becline1 and LC3-associated phagocytosis deficiency, and decreased Nrf2 protein expression in renal tissue of MRL/lpr mice. Therefore, exacerbating lupus nephritis induced by BPA exposure was associated with the activation of inflammation, abnormal autophagy and decreased antioxidant ability.

Lung inflammation induced by exposure to Bisphenol-A is associated with mTOR-mediated autophagy in adolescent mice.

Epidemiologic studies show that there is a link between Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure and lung inflammation. Despite this, the molecular mechanisms are not entirely known. This study sought to determine whether exposure to BPA affected the development of ovalbumin (OVA) induced lung inflammation in adolescent female mice and whether the mechanism was related to mTOR-mediated autophagy pathway. Female 4-week-old C57BL/6 mice after one week of domestication were randomly divided into five groups (8/group): control group, OVA group, 0.1 µg mL-1 BPA + OVA group, 0.2 µg mL-1 BPA + OVA group and 0.4 µg mL-1 BPA + OVA group. BPA exacerbated airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), induced the pathological changes in the lung, which also enhanced inflammatory cells and cytokine levels. In addition, BPA exposure affected expression of autophagy associated proteins and genes. This research results indicated that BPA aggravated OVA-induced lung inflammation and induced abnormal immune function in mice, and its mechanism was related to the activation of autophagy pathway by down-regulation expression of mTOR. These findings suggest that therapeutic strategies to target autophagy may offer a new approach for severe asthma therapy.