Neurosurgery in Afghanistan during "Operation Enduring Freedom": a 24-month experience.

OBJECT: "Operation Enduring Freedom" is the US war effort in Afghanistan in its global war on terror. One US military neurosurgeon is deployed in support of Operation Enduring Freedom to provide care for both battlefield injuries and humanitarian work. Here, the authors analyze a 24-month neurosurgical caseload experience in Afghanistan. METHODS: Operative logs were analyzed between October 2007 and September 2009. Operative cases were divided into minor procedures (for example, placement of an intracranial pressure monitor) and major procedures (for example, craniotomy) for both battle injuries and humanitarian work. Battle injuries were defined as injuries sustained by soldiers while in the line of duty or injuries to Afghan civilians from weapons of war. Humanitarian work consisted of providing medical care to Afghans. RESULTS: Six neurosurgeons covering a 24-month period performed 115 minor procedures and 210 major surgical procedures cases. Operations for battlefield injuries included 106 craniotomies, 25 spine surgeries, and 18 miscellaneous surgeries. Humanitarian work included 32 craniotomies (23 for trauma, 3 for tumor, 6 for other reasons, such as cyst fenestration), 27 spine surgeries (12 for degenerative conditions, 9 for trauma, 4 for myelomeningocele closure, and 2 for the treatment of infection), and 2 miscellaneous surgeries. CONCLUSIONS: Military neurosurgeons have provided surgical care at rates of 71% (149/210) for battlefield injuries and 29% (61/210) for humanitarian work. Of the operations for battle trauma, 50% (106/210) were cranial and 11% (25/210) spinal surgeries. Fifteen percent (32/210) and 13% (27/210) of operations were for humanitarian cranial and spine procedures, respectively. Overall, military neurosurgeons in Afghanistan are performing life-saving cranial and spine stabilization procedures for battlefield trauma and acting as general neurosurgeons for the Afghan community.

Increasing the neurosurgical caseload at a military hospital: initial experience with a joint military-Veterans Affairs (VA) sharing agreement.

OBJECTIVE: Neurosurgeons at David Grant Medical Center (DGMC) have had low surgeon case volumes. Meanwhile, veterans have had long waits because of inadequate neurosurgical coverage. DGMC and Department of Veteran Affairs (VA) agreed to share resources to treat an underserved VA patient population. We analyzed number of cases, admissions, relative weighted product (RWP), and outpatient visits before and after this unique military-VA agreement. METHODS: Number of operations, hospital admissions, RWP, and outpatient visits (January 2004-November 2007) were noted before or after October 2006. To normalize data, metric (e.g, number of cases) totals were divided by number of months neurosurgeons were available. RESULTS: Before the agreement, two neurosurgeons performed 210 operations over 52 months (4.0 cases/month). After the agreement, two neurosurgeons performed 177 cases over 26 months (6.8 cases/month). This corresponded to a 2.2-, 2.2-, and 2.0-fold increase in hospital admissions, RWP, and outpatient visits, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The sharing agreement resulted in 1.7-fold increase in operative cases. This military-VA venture provides military neurosurgeons with more surgical cases and provides neurosurgical care to a previously underserved patient population.

Ectopic recurrence of craniopharyngioma after an interhemispheric transcallosal approach: case report.

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Ectopic recurrence of a craniopharyngioma is a rare postoperative complication. We present a case of a craniopharyngioma that ectopically recurred along the tract of a previous surgical route. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 73-year-old female patient presented 8 years earlier with a suprasellar craniopharyngioma. She underwent a right frontal craniotomy, with an interhemispheric transcallosal approach, for total microsurgical resection of the tumor. No postoperative radiotherapy was administered. Four years after surgery, magnetic resonance imaging studies revealed a well-circumscribed, heterogeneously enhancing, parasagittal mass with significant vasogenic edema in the right frontal lobe. Enlargement of the lesion was noted in subsequent radiological evaluations until 8 years after surgery, when the patient experienced a significant decline in neurocognitive status and the mass was surgically resected. INTERVENTION: Gross total resection of a histologically confirmed craniopharyngioma was achieved. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, only eight previous case reports described the ectopic recurrence of a craniopharyngioma. Transplantation of tumor cells along the tract of a previous surgical route in six cases and dissemination in cerebrospinal fluid in two cases are presumed to be the primary mechanisms by which these ectopic recurrences occurred. The results of our literature review led us to conclude that total surgical resection, combined with careful inspection and irrigation of the surgical field, is the optimal treatment for preventing ectopic recurrences. Furthermore, it is recommended that, after primary craniopharyngioma resection, patients undergo long-term clinical and radiological follow-up monitoring for the rare development of an ectopically recurring tumor.