Elective Neck Dissection Versus Observation in Early-Stage (cT1/T2N0) Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

OBJECTIVES: Whether to perform elective neck dissection (END) or apply the observation (OBS) policy in patients with early-stage oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) without clinical evidence of cervical lymph node metastasis (cT1/T2N0) remains uncertain. The two most recent meta-analyses include many studies published before the widespread availability of CT scanning in the 1990s. With the rapid advancement in imaging studies since 1990, the early clinical detection of cervical node metastasis has become more reliable without the need for END or pathological staging. Thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing survival outcomes between END and OBS in patients with cT1/T2N0 OSCC. METHODS: We performed a systematic search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and Scopus for retrospective and prospective studies published between January 1, 1990, and January 1, 2018, comparing clinical outcomes between END and OBS in patients with cT1/T2N0 OSCC. Information on population characteristics, study design, overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and disease-free survival (DFS) was extracted and estimated. Effect measures for outcomes were hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Thirteen retrospective and two prospective randomized studies (3,158 patients) met the inclusion criteria. Compared to OBS, END failed to significantly improve OS (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.95-1.09; P = .77; fixed-effects model), DSS (HR, 1.07; CI, 1.02-1.13; P = .31; fixed-effects model), and DFS (HR, 0.86; CI, 0.72-1.01; P = .12; random-effects model). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that in patients with cT1T2N0 OSCC, the OBS policy can yield markedly similar OS, DSS, and DFS to those resulting from END. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2.

[Land use change and its effects on ecosystem services value in Ji' nan City of Shandong Province, East China].

Based on the GIS software platform, referring to the China 'Terrestrial ecosystem services per unit area value', and by using transition matrix, Costanza evaluation formula, and sensitivity analysis, this paper studied the change characteristics of land use and ecosystem services value in Ji' nan City in 1989-2009. During the study period, the built-up area in the City increased by 99.65 km2, while agriculture land and green space reduced by 103.21 km2, 90.4% of which was taken by the built-up land. The total ecosystem services value decreased from 256.22 x 10(6) yento 214.16 x 10(6) yen, with a decrement of 42.06 x 10(6) yen, mainly due to the decrease in the areas of agriculture land and green space. For the sustainable development of the population, resources, and environment in Ji'nan City, future urban planning should pay more attention on the natural resources protection, reasonable planning of land use structure, and maintenance of ecosystem stability and balance.

[A two-dimensional reference map of mouse ovary proteins].

OBJECTIVE: To perform a preliminary proteomic analysis of mouse ovaries and to study the protein's function in mouse ovary. METHODS: The two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) were used to analyze mouse ovarian proteome. A 12.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) reference gel was generated by immobilized pH gradient isoelectric focusing of mouse ovary proteins in a non-linear gradient (pH 3-10). And GRP78 was selected to perform with immunohistochemistry within mouse ovaries. RESULTS: Based on peptide mass fingerprinting, 52 proteins were identified and classified into seven functional groups: Cell/organism defense and antioxidant, cell signaling/communications proteins, cell structure/motility proteins, metabolism proteins, RNA synthesis processing, protein synthesis and processing, and unclassified proteins. The immunoreactivity of GRP78 was detected in GCs in the follicular, and with during GCs Luteinizing in the menstrual cycle, the protein expression (brown) increased continually and came to a head when ovulation happened. CONCLUSION: This work provides a first step toward the establishment of a systematic ovary protein database and stands as a valuable resource for molecular analyses of normal and pathologic conditions affecting mouse ovaries.